Understanding the Permafrost–Hydrate System and Associated Methane Releases in the East Siberian Arctic Shelf
This paper summarizes current understanding of the processes that determine the dynamics of the subsea permafrost–hydrate system existing in the largest, shallowest shelf in the Arctic Ocean; the East Siberian Arctic Shelf (ESAS). We review key environmental factors and mechanisms that determine for...
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| Published in | Geosciences (Basel) Vol. 9; no. 6; p. 251 |
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| Main Authors | , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
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01.06.2019
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| Abstract | This paper summarizes current understanding of the processes that determine the dynamics of the subsea permafrost–hydrate system existing in the largest, shallowest shelf in the Arctic Ocean; the East Siberian Arctic Shelf (ESAS). We review key environmental factors and mechanisms that determine formation, current dynamics, and thermal state of subsea permafrost, mechanisms of its destabilization, and rates of its thawing; a full section of this paper is devoted to this topic. Another important question regards the possible existence of permafrost-related hydrates at shallow ground depth and in the shallow shelf environment. We review the history of and earlier insights about the topic followed by an extensive review of experimental work to establish the physics of shallow Arctic hydrates. We also provide a principal (simplified) scheme explaining the normal and altered dynamics of the permafrost–hydrate system as glacial–interglacial climate epochs alternate. We also review specific features of methane releases determined by the current state of the subsea-permafrost system and possible future dynamics. This review presents methane results obtained in the ESAS during two periods: 1994–2000 and 2003–2017. A final section is devoted to discussing future work that is required to achieve an improved understanding of the subject. |
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| AbstractList | This paper summarizes current understanding of the processes that determine the dynamics of the subsea permafrost–hydrate system existing in the largest, shallowest shelf in the Arctic Ocean; the East Siberian Arctic Shelf (ESAS). We review key environmental factors and mechanisms that determine formation, current dynamics, and thermal state of subsea permafrost, mechanisms of its destabilization, and rates of its thawing; a full section of this paper is devoted to this topic. Another important question regards the possible existence of permafrost-related hydrates at shallow ground depth and in the shallow shelf environment. We review the history of and earlier insights about the topic followed by an extensive review of experimental work to establish the physics of shallow Arctic hydrates. We also provide a principal (simplified) scheme explaining the normal and altered dynamics of the permafrost–hydrate system as glacial–interglacial climate epochs alternate. We also review specific features of methane releases determined by the current state of the subsea-permafrost system and possible future dynamics. This review presents methane results obtained in the ESAS during two periods: 1994–2000 and 2003–2017. A final section is devoted to discussing future work that is required to achieve an improved understanding of the subject. This paper summarizes current understanding of the processes that determine the dynamics of the subsea permafrost−hydrate system existing in the largest, shallowest shelf in the Arctic Ocean; the East Siberian Arctic Shelf (ESAS). We review key environmental factors and mechanisms that determine formation, current dynamics, and thermal state of subsea permafrost, mechanisms of its destabilization, and rates of its thawing; a full section of this paper is devoted to this topic. Another important question regards the possible existence of permafrost-related hydrates at shallow ground depth and in the shallow shelf environment. We review the history of and earlier insights about the topic followed by an extensive review of experimental work to establish the physics of shallow Arctic hydrates. We also provide a principal (simplified) scheme explaining the normal and altered dynamics of the permafrost−hydrate system as glacial−interglacial climate epochs alternate. We also review specific features of methane releases determined by the current state of the subsea-permafrost system and possible future dynamics. This review presents methane results obtained in the ESAS during two periods: 1994−2000 and 2003−2017. A final section is devoted to discussing future work that is required to achieve an improved understanding of the subject. |
| Author | Chuvilin, Evgeny Semiletov, Igor Shakhova, Natalia |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Natalia surname: Shakhova fullname: Shakhova, Natalia – sequence: 2 givenname: Igor surname: Semiletov fullname: Semiletov, Igor – sequence: 3 givenname: Evgeny orcidid: 0000-0003-1173-546X surname: Chuvilin fullname: Chuvilin, Evgeny |
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| SubjectTerms | Arctic hydrates Carbon Destabilization Dynamics Earth science East Siberian Arctic Shelf Environmental factors Glacial climates Groundwater discharge Heat Hydrates Interglacial periods Methane Permafrost Physics Rivers Sea level Sedimentation & deposition Sediments shelf hydrates Soil erosion subsea permafrost Terrestrial ecosystems Thawing Water temperature |
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| Title | Understanding the Permafrost–Hydrate System and Associated Methane Releases in the East Siberian Arctic Shelf |
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