Fractured bedrock and saprolite hydrogeologic controls on groundwater/surface-water interaction: a conceptual model (Australia)

Hydrologic conceptual models of groundwater/surface-water interaction in a saprolite-fractured bedrock geological setting often assume that the saprolite zone is hydraulically more active than the deeper bedrock system and ignore the contribution of deeper groundwater from the fractured bedrock aqui...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inHydrogeology journal Vol. 17; no. 8; pp. 1969 - 1989
Main Authors Banks, Edward W., Simmons, Craig T., Love, Andrew J., Cranswick, Roger, Werner, Adrian D., Bestland, Erick A., Wood, Martin, Wilson, Tania
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Berlin/Heidelberg Springer-Verlag 01.12.2009
Springer Nature B.V
Subjects
Active control
Aquatic Pollution
Aquifer systems
Aquifers
Bedrock
Creeks
Dynamical systems
Dynamics
Earth and Environmental Science
Earth Sciences
Geology
Geophysics/Geodesy
Groundwater
Groundwater flow
Hydraulics
Hydrogeology
Hydrologic models
Hydrology
Hydrology/Water Resources
Stream discharge
Stream flow
Surface water
Waste Water Technology
Water Management
Water Pollution Control
Water Quality/Water Pollution
Australia, South Australia
Fractured rocks
Groundwater/surface-water relations
Hydrochemistry
Australia
Saprolite
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Abstract Hydrologic conceptual models of groundwater/surface-water interaction in a saprolite-fractured bedrock geological setting often assume that the saprolite zone is hydraulically more active than the deeper bedrock system and ignore the contribution of deeper groundwater from the fractured bedrock aquifer. A hydraulic, hydrochemical, and tracer-based study was conducted at Scott Creek, Mount Lofty Ranges, South Australia, to explore the importance of both the deeper fractured bedrock aquifer system and the shallow saprolite layer on groundwater/surface-water interaction. The results of this study suggest that groundwater flow in the deeper fractured bedrock zone is highly dynamic and is an important groundwater flow pathway along the hillslope. Deep groundwater is therefore a contributing component in streamflow generation at Scott Creek. The findings of this study suggest that hydrologic conceptual models, which treat the saprolite-fractured bedrock interface as a no-flow boundary and do not consider the deeper fractured bedrock in hydrologic analyses, may be overly simplistic and inherently misleading in some groundwater/surface-water interaction analyses. The results emphasise the need to understand the relative importance of subsurface flow activity in both of these shallow saprolite and deeper bedrock compartments as a basis for developing reliable conceptual hydrologic models of these systems.
AbstractList Hydrologic conceptual models of groundwater/surface-water interaction in a saprolite-fractured bedrock geological setting often assume that the saprolite zone is hydraulically more active than the deeper bedrock system and ignore the contribution of deeper groundwater from the fractured bedrock aquifer. A hydraulic, hydrochemical, and tracer-based study was conducted at Scott Creek, Mount Lofty Ranges, South Australia, to explore the importance of both the deeper fractured bedrock aquifer system and the shallow saprolite layer on groundwater/surface-water interaction. The results of this study suggest that groundwater flow in the deeper fractured bedrock zone is highly dynamic and is an important groundwater flow pathway along the hillslope. Deep groundwater is therefore a contributing component in streamflow generation at Scott Creek. The findings of this study suggest that hydrologic conceptual models, which treat the saprolite-fractured bedrock interface as a no-flow boundary and do not consider the deeper fractured bedrock in hydrologic analyses, may be overly simplistic and inherently misleading in some groundwater/surface-water interaction analyses. The results emphasise the need to understand the relative importance of subsurface flow activity in both of these shallow saprolite and deeper bedrock compartments as a basis for developing reliable conceptual hydrologic models of these systems. [Foreign Abstract: Les modeles conceptuels hydrologiques des interactions entre les eaux souterraines et les eaux de surface en contexte geologique de socle fracture et de saprolite se basent souvent sur l'hypothese que la zone de la saprolite est plus active du point de vue hydraulique que le systeme associe au socle en profondeur et ignorent la contribution profonde de l'eau souterraine de la partie fissure de l'aquifere de socle. Une etude hydraulique, hydrogeochimique et basee sur les traceurs a ete menee a Scott Creek dans la chaine du Mont Lofty dans le Sud de l'Australie, afin d'examiner l'importance des interactions hydrauliques entre d'une part le systeme aquifere fracture profond et d'autre part l'horizon de surface de saprolite. Les resultats de cette etude suggerent que l'ecoulement des eaux souterraines dans le socle profond fracture est hautement dynamique et qu'un ecoulement important prend place le long de la pente des reliefs. Les eaux souterraines profondes contribuent a la genese des ecoulements de surface de Scott Creek. De plus, ils suggerent que les modeles hydrologiques conceptuels, qui traitent de l'interface saprolite-socle fracture comme une limite etanche et qui ne considerent pas le systeme profond du socle fracture dans les analyses hydrologiques, sont trop simplistes et menent a une analyse faussee des interactions entre les eaux souterraines et les eaux de surface. Les resultats mettent en exergue la necessite de comprendre l'importance relative des ecoulements dans les horizons superficiels de saprolite et dans les compartiments du socle profond, base indispensable pour etablir des modeles conceptuels hydrologiques fiables de ces systemes.Los modelos hidrologicos conceptuales de la interaccion agua superficial - agua subterraneas en un ambito geologico de roca de basamento fracturada y saprolito a menudo se suponen que la zona de saprolito es hidraulicamente mas activa que el sistema de roca de basamento mas profundo e ignora la contribucion del agua subterranea mas profunda proveniente del acuifero de la roca de basamento fracturada. Un estudio hidraulico, hidroquimico y basado en trazadores fue llevado a cabo en el Arroyo Scott, Mount Lofty Ranges, Australia Meridional, para explorar la importancia de ambos, el sistema acuifero de roca de basamento mas profundo y la capa somera de saprolito sobre la interaccion agua superficial - agua subterranea. Los resultados de este estudio sugieren que el flujo subterraneo en la zona de roca de basamento fracturada profunda es altamente dinamico y es un camino importante para el flujo de agua subterranea a lo largo de la pendiente de la sierra. El agua subterranea profunda es asimismo un componente que contribuye a la generacion del caudal fluvial en el Arroyo Scout. Los resultados de este estudio sugieren que los modelos hidrologicos conceptuales, que tratan la interfase roca de basamento fracturado - saprolito como un limite sin flujo y no consideran el basamento fracturado mas profundo en los analisis hidrologicos pueden ser una vision simplista e inherentemente pueden conducir a incorrecciones en el analisis de la interaccion agua superficial - agua subterranea. Los resultados enfatizan la necesidad de entender la importancia relativa de la actividad del flujo subsuperficial en ambos compartimientos de estas rocas de basamento mas profundas y el saprolito somero como una base para desarrollar modelos hidrologicos conceptuales confiables de estos sistemas.ae[frac12]oeaa[iquest] mu , aa[iquest][frac12]ae[frac12]ae34&#x 00B3;Mount Lofty Scott e[iquest] > , ae[frac12]oe, , aa34", Scott aa34", , -e34[sup1, aa[iquest] mu e[iquest], ae[frac12]oe, e[iquest][tm]aa[iquest] mu Modelos hidrogeologicos conceptuais de interaccao agua subterranea-agua superficial em meios fracturados-alterados (saprolito) assumem frequentemente que a zona de saprolito e hidraulicamente mais activa do que o 'bedrock' mais profundo do sistema, e ignora a contribuicao das aguas subterraneas mais profundas do aquifero fracturado rochoso. Em Scott Creek, Mount Lofty Ranges, no Sul da Australia, foi levado a efeito um estudo com base em metodos hidraulicos, hidroquimicos e tracadores, com o objectivo de avaliar a importancia do sistema aquifero constituido pelo 'bedrock' fracturado e pela camada mais superficial de saprolito, na interaccao agua subterranea-agua superficial. Os resultados deste estudo sugerem que o fluxo de aguas subterraneas na zona do macico rochoso fracturado e altamente dinamico e importante ao longo dos declives das elevacoes. As aguas subterraneas profundas sao, portanto, um contributo para a componente do caudal gerado em Scott Creek. Os resultados deste estudo sugerem que os modelos hidrologicos conceptuais, que tratam a interface saprolito-macico rochoso fracturado como uma fronteira sem fluxo e nao consideram o macico fracturado profundo nas analises hidrologicas, podem ser excessivamente simplistas e inerentemente enganosos em algumas interpretacoes de interface aguas subterraneas-aguas superficiais. Os resultados salientam a necessidade de compreender a importancia relativa da actividade do fluxo subsuperficial em ambos os compartimentos geologicos: saprolito superficial e 'bedrock' profundo, como uma base para o desenvolvimento de modelos conceptuais hidrologicos fiaveis nestes sistemas.]
Hydrologic conceptual models of groundwater/surface-water interaction in a saprolite-fractured bedrock geological setting often assume that the saprolite zone is hydraulically more active than the deeper bedrock system and ignore the contribution of deeper groundwater from the fractured bedrock aquifer. A hydraulic, hydrochemical, and tracer-based study was conducted at Scott Creek, Mount Lofty Ranges, South Australia, to explore the importance of both the deeper fractured bedrock aquifer system and the shallow saprolite layer on groundwater/surface-water interaction. The results of this study suggest that groundwater flow in the deeper fractured bedrock zone is highly dynamic and is an important groundwater flow pathway along the hillslope. Deep groundwater is therefore a contributing component in streamflow generation at Scott Creek. The findings of this study suggest that hydrologic conceptual models, which treat the saprolite-fractured bedrock interface as a no-flow boundary and do not consider the deeper fractured bedrock in hydrologic analyses, may be overly simplistic and inherently misleading in some groundwater/surface-water interaction analyses. The results emphasise the need to understand the relative importance of subsurface flow activity in both of these shallow saprolite and deeper bedrock compartments as a basis for developing reliable conceptual hydrologic models of these systems.
Hydrologic conceptual models of groundwater/surface-water interaction in a saprolite-fractured bedrock geological setting often assume that the saprolite zone is hydraulically more active than the deeper bedrock system and ignore the contribution of deeper groundwater from the fractured bedrock aquifer. A hydraulic, hydrochemical, and tracer-based study was conducted at Scott Creek, Mount Lofty Ranges, South Australia, to explore the importance of both the deeper fractured bedrock aquifer system and the shallow saprolite layer on groundwater/surface-water interaction. The results of this study suggest that groundwater flow in the deeper fractured bedrock zone is highly dynamic and is an important groundwater flow pathway along the hillslope. Deep groundwater is therefore a contributing component in streamflow generation at Scott Creek. The findings of this study suggest that hydrologic conceptual models, which treat the saprolite-fractured bedrock interface as a no-flow boundary and do not consider the deeper fractured bedrock in hydrologic analyses, may be overly simplistic and inherently misleading in some groundwater/surface-water interaction analyses. The results emphasise the need to understand the relative importance of subsurface flow activity in both of these shallow saprolite and deeper bedrock compartments as a basis for developing reliable conceptual hydrologic models of these systems.[PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]
Hydrologic conceptual models of groundwater/surface-water interaction in a saprolite-fractured bedrock geological setting often assume that the saprolite zone is hydraulically more active than the deeper bedrock system and ignore the contribution of deeper groundwater from the fractured bedrock aquifer. A hydraulic, hydrochemical, and tracer-based study was conducted at Scott Creek, Mount Lofty Ranges, South Australia, to explore the importance of both the deeper fractured bedrock aquifer system and the shallow saprolite layer on groundwater/surface-water interaction. The results of this study suggest that groundwater flow in the deeper fractured bedrock zone is highly dynamic and is an important groundwater flow pathway along the hillslope. Deep groundwater is therefore a contributing component in streamflow generation at Scott Creek. The findings of this study suggest that hydrologic conceptual models, which treat the saprolite-fractured bedrock interface as a no-flow boundary and do not consider the deeper fractured bedrock in hydrologic analyses, may be overly simplistic and inherently misleading in some groundwater/surface-water interaction analyses. The results emphasise the need to understand the relative importance of subsurface flow activity in both of these shallow saprolite and deeper bedrock compartments as a basis for developing reliable conceptual hydrologic models of these systems.Original Abstract: Les modeles conceptuels hydrologiques des interactions entre les eaux souterraines et les eaux de surface en contexte geologique de socle fracture et de saprolite se basent souvent sur l'hypothese que la zone de la saprolite est plus active du point de vue hydraulique que le systeme associe au socle en profondeur et ignorent la contribution profonde de l'eau souterraine de la partie fissure de l'aquifere de socle. Une etude hydraulique, hydrogeochimique et basee sur les traceurs a ete menee a Scott Creek dans la chaine du Mont Lofty dans le Sud de l'Australie, afin d'examiner l'importance des interactions hydrauliques entre d'une part le systeme aquifere fracture profond et d'autre part l'horizon de surface de saprolite. Les resultats de cette etude suggerent que l'ecoulement des eaux souterraines dans le socle profond fracture est hautement dynamique et qu'un ecoulement important prend place le long de la pente des reliefs. Les eaux souterraines profondes contribuent a la genese des ecoulements de surface de Scott Creek. De plus, ils suggerent que les modeles hydrologiques conceptuels, qui traitent de l'interface saprolite-socle fracture comme une limite etanche et qui ne considerent pas le systeme profond du socle fracture dans les analyses hydrologiques, sont trop simplistes et menent a une analyse faussee des interactions entre les eaux souterraines et les eaux de surface. Les resultats mettent en exergue la necessite de comprendre l'importance relative des ecoulements dans les horizons superficiels de saprolite et dans les compartiments du socle profond, base indispensable pour etablir des modeles conceptuels hydrologiques fiables de ces systemes.Los modelos hidrologicos conceptuales de la interaccion agua superficial - agua subterraneas en un ambito geologico de roca de basamento fracturada y saprolito a menudo se suponen que la zona de saprolito es hidraulicamente mas activa que el sistema de roca de basamento mas profundo e ignora la contribucion del agua subterranea mas profunda proveniente del acuifero de la roca de basamento fracturada. Un estudio hidraulico, hidroquimico y basado en trazadores fue llevado a cabo en el Arroyo Scott, Mount Lofty Ranges, Australia Meridional, para explorar la importancia de ambos, el sistema acuifero de roca de basamento mas profundo y la capa somera de saprolito sobre la interaccion agua superficial - agua subterranea. Los resultados de este estudio sugieren que el flujo subterraneo en la zona de roca de basamento fracturada profunda es altamente dinamico y es un camino importante para el flujo de agua subterranea a lo largo de la pendiente de la sierra. El agua subterranea profunda es asimismo un componente que contribuye a la generacion del caudal fluvial en el Arroyo Scout. Los resultados de este estudio sugieren que los modelos hidrologicos conceptuales, que tratan la interfase roca de basamento fracturado - saprolito como un limite sin flujo y no consideran el basamento fracturado mas profundo en los analisis hidrologicos pueden ser una vision simplista e inherentemente pueden conducir a incorrecciones en el analisis de la interaccion agua superficial - agua subterranea. Los resultados enfatizan la necesidad de entender la importancia relativa de la actividad del flujo subsuperficial en ambos compartimientos de estas rocas de basamento mas profundas y el saprolito somero como una base para desarrollar modelos hidrologicos conceptuales confiables de estos sistemas.ae[frac12]oeaa[iquest]k, aa[iquest][frac12]ae[frac12]ae34&#x 00B3; Mount Lofty Scott e[iquest]>, ae[frac12]oe, , aa34", Scott aa34", , -e34[sup1, aa[iquest]ke[iquest], ae[frac12]oe, e[iquest][tm]aa[iquest]kModelos hidrogeologicos conceptuais de interaccao agua subterranea-agua superficial em meios fracturados-alterados (saprolito) assumem frequentemente que a zona de saprolito e hidraulicamente mais activa do que o 'bedrock' mais profundo do sistema, e ignora a contribuicao das aguas subterraneas mais profundas do aquifero fracturado rochoso. Em Scott Creek, Mount Lofty Ranges, no Sul da Australia, foi levado a efeito um estudo com base em metodos hidraulicos, hidroquimicos e tracadores, com o objectivo de avaliar a importancia do sistema aquifero constituido pelo 'bedrock' fracturado e pela camada mais superficial de saprolito, na interaccao agua subterranea-agua superficial. Os resultados deste estudo sugerem que o fluxo de aguas subterraneas na zona do macico rochoso fracturado e altamente dinamico e importante ao longo dos declives das elevacoes. As aguas subterraneas profundas sao, portanto, um contributo para a componente do caudal gerado em Scott Creek. Os resultados deste estudo sugerem que os modelos hidrologicos conceptuais, que tratam a interface saprolito-macico rochoso fracturado como uma fronteira sem fluxo e nao consideram o macico fracturado profundo nas analises hidrologicas, podem ser excessivamente simplistas e inerentemente enganosos em algumas interpretacoes de interface aguas subterraneas-aguas superficiais. Os resultados salientam a necessidade de compreender a importancia relativa da actividade do fluxo subsuperficial em ambos os compartimentos geologicos: saprolito superficial e 'bedrock' profundo, como uma base para o desenvolvimento de modelos conceptuais hidrologicos fiaveis nestes sistemas.
Author Banks, Edward W.
Love, Andrew J.
Wood, Martin
Bestland, Erick A.
Wilson, Tania
Werner, Adrian D.
Simmons, Craig T.
Cranswick, Roger
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Edward W.
  surname: Banks
  fullname: Banks, Edward W.
  email: edward.banks@flinders.edu.au
  organization: School of Chemistry, Physics and Earth Sciences, Flinders University South Australia
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Craig T.
  surname: Simmons
  fullname: Simmons, Craig T.
  organization: School of Chemistry, Physics and Earth Sciences, Flinders University South Australia
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Andrew J.
  surname: Love
  fullname: Love, Andrew J.
  organization: School of Chemistry, Physics and Earth Sciences, Flinders University South Australia
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Roger
  surname: Cranswick
  fullname: Cranswick, Roger
  organization: School of Chemistry, Physics and Earth Sciences, Flinders University South Australia
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Adrian D.
  surname: Werner
  fullname: Werner, Adrian D.
  organization: School of Chemistry, Physics and Earth Sciences, Flinders University South Australia
– sequence: 6
  givenname: Erick A.
  surname: Bestland
  fullname: Bestland, Erick A.
  organization: School of Chemistry, Physics and Earth Sciences, Flinders University South Australia
– sequence: 7
  givenname: Martin
  surname: Wood
  fullname: Wood, Martin
  organization: School of Chemistry, Physics and Earth Sciences, Flinders University South Australia
– sequence: 8
  givenname: Tania
  surname: Wilson
  fullname: Wilson, Tania
  organization: Department of Primary Industries and Resources of South Australia
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DocumentTitle_FL Contrôles hydrogéologiques du socle fracture et de la saprolite sur les interactions eaux souterraines –eaux de surface: un modèle conceptuel (Australie)
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Issue 8
Keywords Fractured rocks
Groundwater/surface-water relations
Hydrochemistry
Australia
Saprolite
Language English
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PublicationSubtitle Official Journal of the International Association of Hydrogeologists
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Publisher Springer-Verlag
Springer Nature B.V
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Snippet Hydrologic conceptual models of groundwater/surface-water interaction in a saprolite-fractured bedrock geological setting often assume that the saprolite zone...
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Publisher
StartPage 1969
SubjectTerms Active control
Aquatic Pollution
Aquifer systems
Aquifers
Bedrock
Creeks
Dynamical systems
Dynamics
Earth and Environmental Science
Earth Sciences
Geology
Geophysics/Geodesy
Groundwater
Groundwater flow
Hydraulics
Hydrogeology
Hydrologic models
Hydrology
Hydrology/Water Resources
Stream discharge
Stream flow
Surface water
Waste Water Technology
Water Management
Water Pollution Control
Water Quality/Water Pollution
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Title Fractured bedrock and saprolite hydrogeologic controls on groundwater/surface-water interaction: a conceptual model (Australia)
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