A flow resistance model for assessing the impact of vegetation on flood routing mechanics
The specification of a flow resistance factor to account for vegetative effects in the Saint‐Venant equation (SVE) remains uncertain and is a subject of active research in flood routing mechanics. Here, an analytical model for the flow resistance factor is proposed for submerged vegetation, where th...
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| Published in | Water resources research Vol. 47; no. 8 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Washington
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
01.08.2011
John Wiley & Sons, Inc |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0043-1397 1944-7973 |
| DOI | 10.1029/2010WR010278 |
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| Abstract | The specification of a flow resistance factor to account for vegetative effects in the Saint‐Venant equation (SVE) remains uncertain and is a subject of active research in flood routing mechanics. Here, an analytical model for the flow resistance factor is proposed for submerged vegetation, where the water depth is commensurate with the canopy height and the roughness Reynolds number is sufficiently large so as to ignore viscous effects. The analytical model predicts that the resistance factor varies with three canonical length scales: the adjustment length scale that depends on the foliage drag and leaf area density, the canopy height, and the water level. These length scales can reasonably be inferred from a range of remote sensing products making the proposed flow resistance model eminently suitable for operational flood routing. Despite the numerous simplifications, agreement between measured and modeled resistance factors and bulk velocities is reasonable across a range of experimental and field studies. The proposed model asymptotically recovers the flow resistance formulation when the water depth greatly exceeds the canopy height. This analytical treatment provides a unifying framework that links the resistance factor to a number of concepts and length scales already in use to describe canopy turbulence. The implications of the coupling between the resistance factor and the water depth on solutions to the SVE are explored via a case study, which shows a reasonable match between empirical design standard and theoretical predictions.
Key Points
An analytical model for the resistance factor formulation for vegetated canopies
A unifying framework that links resistance factors to canopy turbulence
Parameters of resistance factors can be predicted from remote sensing platforms |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | The specification of a flow resistance factor to account for vegetative effects in the Saint‐Venant equation (SVE) remains uncertain and is a subject of active research in flood routing mechanics. Here, an analytical model for the flow resistance factor is proposed for submerged vegetation, where the water depth is commensurate with the canopy height and the roughness Reynolds number is sufficiently large so as to ignore viscous effects. The analytical model predicts that the resistance factor varies with three canonical length scales: the adjustment length scale that depends on the foliage drag and leaf area density, the canopy height, and the water level. These length scales can reasonably be inferred from a range of remote sensing products making the proposed flow resistance model eminently suitable for operational flood routing. Despite the numerous simplifications, agreement between measured and modeled resistance factors and bulk velocities is reasonable across a range of experimental and field studies. The proposed model asymptotically recovers the flow resistance formulation when the water depth greatly exceeds the canopy height. This analytical treatment provides a unifying framework that links the resistance factor to a number of concepts and length scales already in use to describe canopy turbulence. The implications of the coupling between the resistance factor and the water depth on solutions to the SVE are explored via a case study, which shows a reasonable match between empirical design standard and theoretical predictions.
Key Points
An analytical model for the resistance factor formulation for vegetated canopies
A unifying framework that links resistance factors to canopy turbulence
Parameters of resistance factors can be predicted from remote sensing platforms The specification of a flow resistance factor to account for vegetative effects in the Saint-Venant equation (SVE) remains uncertain and is a subject of active research in flood routing mechanics. Here, an analytical model for the flow resistance factor is proposed for submerged vegetation, where the water depth is commensurate with the canopy height and the roughness Reynolds number is sufficiently large so as to ignore viscous effects. The analytical model predicts that the resistance factor varies with three canonical length scales: the adjustment length scale that depends on the foliage drag and leaf area density, the canopy height, and the water level. These length scales can reasonably be inferred from a range of remote sensing products making the proposed flow resistance model eminently suitable for operational flood routing. Despite the numerous simplifications, agreement between measured and modeled resistance factors and bulk velocities is reasonable across a range of experimental and field studies. The proposed model asymptotically recovers the flow resistance formulation when the water depth greatly exceeds the canopy height. This analytical treatment provides a unifying framework that links the resistance factor to a number of concepts and length scales already in use to describe canopy turbulence. The implications of the coupling between the resistance factor and the water depth on solutions to the SVE are explored via a case study, which shows a reasonable match between empirical design standard and theoretical predictions. The specification of a flow resistance factor to account for vegetative effects in the Saint‐Venant equation (SVE) remains uncertain and is a subject of active research in flood routing mechanics. Here, an analytical model for the flow resistance factor is proposed for submerged vegetation, where the water depth is commensurate with the canopy height and the roughness Reynolds number is sufficiently large so as to ignore viscous effects. The analytical model predicts that the resistance factor varies with three canonical length scales: the adjustment length scale that depends on the foliage drag and leaf area density, the canopy height, and the water level. These length scales can reasonably be inferred from a range of remote sensing products making the proposed flow resistance model eminently suitable for operational flood routing. Despite the numerous simplifications, agreement between measured and modeled resistance factors and bulk velocities is reasonable across a range of experimental and field studies. The proposed model asymptotically recovers the flow resistance formulation when the water depth greatly exceeds the canopy height. This analytical treatment provides a unifying framework that links the resistance factor to a number of concepts and length scales already in use to describe canopy turbulence. The implications of the coupling between the resistance factor and the water depth on solutions to the SVE are explored via a case study, which shows a reasonable match between empirical design standard and theoretical predictions. An analytical model for the resistance factor formulation for vegetated canopies A unifying framework that links resistance factors to canopy turbulence Parameters of resistance factors can be predicted from remote sensing platforms |
| Author | Ridolfi, Luca Katul, Gabriel G. Poggi, Davide |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Gabriel G. surname: Katul fullname: Katul, Gabriel G. email: gaby@duke.edu organization: Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA – sequence: 2 givenname: Davide surname: Poggi fullname: Poggi, Davide organization: Dipartimento di Idraulica, Trasporti ed Infrastrutture Civili, Politecnico di Turin, Turin, Italy – sequence: 3 givenname: Luca surname: Ridolfi fullname: Ridolfi, Luca organization: Dipartimento di Idraulica, Trasporti ed Infrastrutture Civili, Politecnico di Turin, Turin, Italy |
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Coastal Res. |
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| Snippet | The specification of a flow resistance factor to account for vegetative effects in the Saint‐Venant equation (SVE) remains uncertain and is a subject of active... The specification of a flow resistance factor to account for vegetative effects in the Saint-Venant equation (SVE) remains uncertain and is a subject of active... |
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| SubjectTerms | adjustment length Atmospheric boundary layer Atmospheric sciences Canopies canopy flows Experiments Flood routing Floods Flow resistance Flow velocity Foliage Friction Hydrology Manning's coefficient Mechanics Remote sensing Reynolds number Saint Venant equation Stream flow Submerged plants Turbulence Vegetation Water depth Water levels |
| Title | A flow resistance model for assessing the impact of vegetation on flood routing mechanics |
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