In situ measurements of post-fire debris flows in southern California: Comparisons of the timing and magnitude of 24 debris-flow events with rainfall and soil moisture conditions
Debris flows often occur in burned steeplands of southern California, sometimes causing property damage and loss of life. In an effort to better understand the hydrologic controls on post‐fire debris‐flow initiation, timing and magnitude, we measured the flow stage, rainfall, channel bed pore fluid...
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| Published in | Journal of Geophysical Research Vol. 116; no. F4 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Washington
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
01.12.2011
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | Debris flows often occur in burned steeplands of southern California, sometimes causing property damage and loss of life. In an effort to better understand the hydrologic controls on post‐fire debris‐flow initiation, timing and magnitude, we measured the flow stage, rainfall, channel bed pore fluid pressure and hillslope soil‐moisture accompanying 24 debris flows recorded in five different watersheds burned in the 2009 Station and Jesusita Fires (San Gabriel and Santa Ynez Mountains). The measurements show substantial differences in debris‐flow dynamics between sites and between sequential events at the same site. Despite these differences, the timing and magnitude of all events were consistently associated with local peaks in short duration (< = 30 min) rainfall intensity. Overall, debris‐flow stage was best cross‐correlated with time series of 5‐min rainfall intensity, and lagged the rainfall by an average of just 5 min. An index of debris‐flow volume was also best correlated with short‐duration rainfall intensity, but found to be poorly correlated with storm cumulative rainfall and hillslope soil water content. Post‐event observations of erosion and slope stability modeling suggest that the debris flows initiated primarily by processes related to surface water runoff, rather than shallow landslides. By identifying the storm characteristics most closely associated with post‐fire debris flows, these measurements provide valuable guidance for warning operations and important constraints for developing and testing models of post‐fire debris flows.
Key Points
We present the first known in situ measurements of post‐fire debris flow
Debris‐flow timing tightly correlated with short duration rainfall intensity
Debris‐flow magnitude not correlated with cum. rainfall or soil water content |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | We present the first known in situ measurements of post-fire debris flow Debris-flow timing tightly correlated with short duration rainfall intensity Debris-flow magnitude not correlated with cum. rainfall or soil water content Debris flows often occur in burned steeplands of southern California, sometimes causing property damage and loss of life. In an effort to better understand the hydrologic controls on post-fire debris-flow initiation, timing and magnitude, we measured the flow stage, rainfall, channel bed pore fluid pressure and hillslope soil-moisture accompanying 24 debris flows recorded in five different watersheds burned in the 2009 Station and Jesusita Fires (San Gabriel and Santa Ynez Mountains). The measurements show substantial differences in debris-flow dynamics between sites and between sequential events at the same site. Despite these differences, the timing and magnitude of all events were consistently associated with local peaks in short duration (< = 30 min) rainfall intensity. Overall, debris-flow stage was best cross-correlated with time series of 5-min rainfall intensity, and lagged the rainfall by an average of just 5 min. An index of debris-flow volume was also best correlated with short-duration rainfall intensity, but found to be poorly correlated with storm cumulative rainfall and hillslope soil water content. Post-event observations of erosion and slope stability modeling suggest that the debris flows initiated primarily by processes related to surface water runoff, rather than shallow landslides. By identifying the storm characteristics most closely associated with post-fire debris flows, these measurements provide valuable guidance for warning operations and important constraints for developing and testing models of post-fire debris flows. Debris flows often occur in burned steeplands of southern California, sometimes causing property damage and loss of life. In an effort to better understand the hydrologic controls on post‐fire debris‐flow initiation, timing and magnitude, we measured the flow stage, rainfall, channel bed pore fluid pressure and hillslope soil‐moisture accompanying 24 debris flows recorded in five different watersheds burned in the 2009 Station and Jesusita Fires (San Gabriel and Santa Ynez Mountains). The measurements show substantial differences in debris‐flow dynamics between sites and between sequential events at the same site. Despite these differences, the timing and magnitude of all events were consistently associated with local peaks in short duration (< = 30 min) rainfall intensity. Overall, debris‐flow stage was best cross‐correlated with time series of 5‐min rainfall intensity, and lagged the rainfall by an average of just 5 min. An index of debris‐flow volume was also best correlated with short‐duration rainfall intensity, but found to be poorly correlated with storm cumulative rainfall and hillslope soil water content. Post‐event observations of erosion and slope stability modeling suggest that the debris flows initiated primarily by processes related to surface water runoff, rather than shallow landslides. By identifying the storm characteristics most closely associated with post‐fire debris flows, these measurements provide valuable guidance for warning operations and important constraints for developing and testing models of post‐fire debris flows. Key Points We present the first known in situ measurements of post‐fire debris flow Debris‐flow timing tightly correlated with short duration rainfall intensity Debris‐flow magnitude not correlated with cum. rainfall or soil water content |
| ArticleNumber | F04019 |
| Author | Staley, Dennis M. Cannon, Susan H. Kean, Jason W. |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Jason W. surname: Kean fullname: Kean, Jason W. email: jwkean@usgs.gov organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Colorado, Denver, USA – sequence: 2 givenname: Dennis M. surname: Staley fullname: Staley, Dennis M. organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Colorado, Denver, USA – sequence: 3 givenname: Susan H. surname: Cannon fullname: Cannon, Susan H. organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Colorado, Denver, USA |
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| References_xml | – reference: Larsen, I. J., J. L. Pederson, and J. C. Schmidt (2006), Geologic versus wildfire controls on hillslope processes and debris flow initiation in the Green River canyons of Dinosaur National Monument, Geomorphology, 81, 114-127, doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2006.04.002. – reference: VanDine, D. F. (1985), Debris flows and debris torrents in the Southern Canadian Cordillera, Can. Geotech. J., 22, 44-68, doi:10.1139/t85-006. – reference: Gardner, W. R. (1958), Some steady-state solutions of the unsaturated moisture flow equation with application to evaporation from a water table, Soil Sci., 85, 228-232, doi:10.1097/00010694-195804000-00006. – reference: Coe, J. A., D. A. Kinner, and J. W. Godt (2008), Initiation conditions for debris flows generated by runoff at Chalk Cliffs, central Colorado, Geomorphology, 96, 270-297, doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2007.03.017. – reference: Gabet, E. J. 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| Snippet | Debris flows often occur in burned steeplands of southern California, sometimes causing property damage and loss of life. In an effort to better understand the... We present the first known in situ measurements of post-fire debris flow Debris-flow timing tightly correlated with short duration rainfall intensity... |
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| SubjectTerms | Atmospheric sciences Debris flow Detritus fire Floods Hydrology In situ measurement Landslides Landslides & mudslides Moisture content monitoring Mountains Precipitation Rainfall intensity San Gabriel Mountains Slope stability Soil erosion Soil moisture Soil water Surface runoff Surface water Water content |
| Title | In situ measurements of post-fire debris flows in southern California: Comparisons of the timing and magnitude of 24 debris-flow events with rainfall and soil moisture conditions |
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