Weight-of-evidence for forensic DNA profiles
Assessing Weight-of-Evidence for DNA Profiles is an excellent introductory text to the use of statistical analysis for assessing DNA evidence. It offers practical guidance to forensic scientists with little dependence on mathematical ability as the book includes background information on statistics...
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| Main Authors | , |
|---|---|
| Format | eBook Book |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Hoboken, N.J
John Wiley & Sons
2005
John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated Wiley-Blackwell |
| Edition | 1st ed. |
| Series | Statistics in practice. |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISBN | 0470867647 0470867663 9780470867662 9780470867648 0470867698 9780470867693 |
| DOI | 10.1002/9780470867693 |
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| Abstract | Assessing Weight-of-Evidence for DNA Profiles is an excellent introductory text to the use of statistical analysis for assessing DNA evidence. It offers practical guidance to forensic scientists with little dependence on mathematical ability as the book includes background information on statistics – including likelihood ratios – population genetics, and courtroom issues. The author, who is highly experienced in this field, has illustrated the book throughout with his own experiences as well as providing a theoretical underpinning to the subject. It is an ideal choice for forensic scientists and lawyers, as well as statisticians and population geneticists with an interest in forensic science and DNA. |
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| AbstractList | Assessing Weight-of-Evidence for DNA Profiles is an excellent introductory text to the use of statistical analysis for assessing DNA evidence. It offers practical guidance to forensic scientists with little dependence on mathematical ability as the book includes background information on statistics – including likelihood ratios – population genetics, and courtroom issues. The author, who is highly experienced in this field, has illustrated the book throughout with his own experiences as well as providing a theoretical underpinning to the subject. It is an ideal choice for forensic scientists and lawyers, as well as statisticians and population geneticists with an interest in forensic science and DNA. Assessing Weight-of-Evidence for DNA Profiles is an excellent introductory text to the use of statistical analysis for assessing DNA evidence. It offers practical guidance to forensic scientists with little dependence on mathematical ability as the book includes background information on statistics - including likelihood ratios - population genetics, and courtroom issues. The author, who is highly experienced in this field, has illustrated the book throughout with his own experiences as well as providing a theoretical underpinning to the subject. It is an ideal choice for forensic scientists and lawyers, as well as statisticians and population geneticists with an interest in forensic science and DNA. |
| Author | Balding, David J Barnett, Vic |
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| Notes | Includes bibliographical references and index |
| OCLC | 70720130 |
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| Publisher | John Wiley & Sons John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated Wiley-Blackwell |
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| Snippet | Assessing Weight-of-Evidence for DNA Profiles is an excellent introductory text to the use of statistical analysis for assessing DNA evidence. It offers... Assessing Weight-of-Evidence for DNA Profiles is an excellent introductory text to the use of statistical analysis for assessing DNA evidence. It offers... |
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| SubjectTerms | Forensic genetics Forensic genetics -- Statistical methods MATHEMATICS Probability & Statistics Statistical methods |
| SubjectTermsDisplay | MATHEMATICS Probability & Statistics |
| TableOfContents | 8.2 Inclusion/exclusion probabilities -- 8.2.1 Random man -- 8.2.2 Inclusion probability of a typing system -- 8.2.3 Case-specific inclusion probability -- 8.3 Hypothesis testing † -- 8.4 Other exercises -- 9 Issues for the courtroom -- 9.1 Bayesian reasoning in court -- 9.2 Some fallacies -- 9.2.1 The prosecutor's fallacy -- 9.2.2 The defendant's fallacy -- 9.2.3 The uniqueness fallacy -- 9.3 Some UK appeal cases -- 9.3.1 Deen (1993) -- 9.3.2 Dalby (1995) -- 9.3.3 Adams (1996) -- 9.3.4 Doheny/Adams (1996) -- 9.3.5 Watters (2000) -- 9.4 US National Research Council reports -- 9.5 Prosecutor's fallacy exercises -- 10 Solutions to exercises -- Bibliography -- Index Intro -- Weight-of-evidence for Forensic DNA Profiles -- Statistics in Practice -- Contents -- Preface -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Weight-of-evidence theory -- 1.2 About the book -- 1.3 DNA profiling technology -- 1.4 What you need to know already -- 1.5 Other resources -- 2 Crime on an island -- 2.1 Warm-up examples -- 2.1.1 Disease testing: Positive Predictive Value (PPV) -- 2.1.2 Coloured taxis -- 2.2 Rare trait identification evidence -- 2.2.1 The "island" problem -- 2.2.2 A first lesson from the island problem -- 2.3 Making the island problem more realistic -- 2.3.1 Uncertainty about p -- 2.3.2 Uncertainty about N -- 2.3.3 Possible typing errors -- 2.3.4 Searches -- 2.3.5 Other evidence -- 2.3.6 Relatives and population subdivision -- 2.4 Weight-of-evidence exercises -- 3 Assessing evidence via likelihood ratios -- 3.1 Likelihood ratios -- 3.2 The weight-of-evidence formula -- 3.2.1 Application to the island problem -- 3.2.2 The population P -- 3.3 General application of the formula -- 3.3.1 Several items of evidence -- 3.3.2 Assessing all the evidence -- 3.3.3 The role of the expert witness -- 3.4 Consequences for DNA evidence -- 3.4.1 Many possible culprits -- 3.4.2 Incorporating the non-DNA evidence -- 3.4.3 Relatives -- 3.4.4 Laboratory and handling errors -- 3.4.5 Database searches -- 3.5 Some derivations † -- 3.5.1 Bayes theorem for identification evidence -- 3.5.2 Uncertainty about p and N -- 3.5.3 Grouping the alternative possible culprits -- 3.5.4 Typing errors -- 3.6 Further weight-of-evidence exercises -- 4 Typing technologies -- 4.1 STR typing -- 4.1.1 Anomalies -- 4.1.2 Contamination -- 4.1.3 Low copy number (LCN) profiling -- 4.2 mtDNA typing -- 4.3 Y-chromosome markers -- 4.4 X-chromosome markers † -- 4.5 SNP profiles -- 4.6 Fingerprints † -- 5 Some population genetics for DNA evidence -- 5.1 A brief overview -- 5.1.1 Drift 5.1.2 Mutation -- 5.1.3 Migration -- 5.1.4 Selection -- 5.2 θ, or F(ST) -- 5.3 A statistical model and sampling formula -- 5.3.1 Diallelic loci -- 5.3.2 Multi-allelic loci -- 5.4 Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium -- 5.4.1 Testing for deviations from HWE † -- 5.4.2 Interpretation of test results -- 5.5 Linkage equilibrium -- 5.6 Coancestry † -- 5.7 Likelihood-based estimation of θ † -- 5.8 Population genetics exercises -- 6 Identification -- 6.1 Choosing the hypotheses -- 6.1.1 Post-data equivalence of hypotheses -- 6.2 Calculating likelihood ratios -- 6.2.1 The match probability -- 6.2.2 One locus -- 6.2.3 Multiple loci: the "product rule" -- 6.2.4 Relatives of s -- 6.2.5 Confidence limits † -- 6.2.6 Other profiled individuals -- 6.3 Application to STR profiles -- 6.3.1 Values for the p(j) -- 6.3.2 The value of θ -- 6.3.3 Errors -- 6.4 Application to haploid profiles -- 6.4.1 mtDNA profiles -- 6.4.2 Y-chromosome markers -- 6.5 Mixtures -- 6.5.1 Visual interpretation of mixed profiles -- 6.5.2 Likelihood ratios under qualitative interpretation -- 6.5.3 Quantitative interpretation of mixtures -- 6.6 Identification exercises -- 7 Relatedness -- 7.1 Paternity -- 7.1.1 Weight of evidence for paternity -- 7.1.2 Prior probabilities -- 7.1.3 Calculating likelihood ratios -- 7.1.4 Multiple loci: the effect of linkage -- 7.1.5 s may be related to c but is not the father -- 7.1.6 Incest -- 7.1.7 Mother unavailable -- 7.1.8 Mutation -- 7.2 Other relatedness between two individuals -- 7.2.1 Only the two individuals profiled -- 7.2.2 Profiled individual close relative of target -- 7.2.3 Profiles of known relatives also available † -- 7.3 Software for relatedness analyses -- 7.4 Inference of ethnicity or phenotype † -- 7.5 Relatedness exercises -- 8 Other approaches to weight of evidence -- 8.1 Uniqueness -- 8.1.1 Analysis -- 8.1.2 Discussion |
| Title | Weight-of-evidence for forensic DNA profiles |
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