Semantic Features and Semantic Categories: Differences in Rapid Activation of the Lexicon
Robust priming was shown in a semantic categorization task for prime–target pairs which shared semantic features (e.g., pumpkin–squash). Priming facilitation for these pairs was demonstrated at extremely rapid prime exposures (28 and 43 ms) and increased with prime duration. The onset and amount of...
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| Published in | Brain and language Vol. 68; no. 1-2; pp. 199 - 204 |
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| Main Authors | , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Netherlands
Elsevier Inc
01.06.1999
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0093-934X 1090-2155 |
| DOI | 10.1006/brln.1999.2079 |
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| Abstract | Robust priming was shown in a semantic categorization task for prime–target pairs which shared semantic features (e.g., pumpkin–squash). Priming facilitation for these pairs was demonstrated at extremely rapid prime exposures (28 and 43 ms) and increased with prime duration. The onset and amount of facilitation differed significantly for these semantic, nonassociative pairs and for associative-semantic prime–target pairs (e.g., cow–bull). The latter pairs produced facilitation, but later (at prime–target SOAs of 70 and 200 ms) and of lesser magnitude. These results are discussed in relation to three current models of semantic memory: spreading activation, compound cue, and distributed models. |
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| AbstractList | Robust priming was shown in a semantic categorization task for prime-target pairs which shared semantic features (e.g., pumpkin-squash). Priming facilitation for these pairs was demonstrated at extremely rapid prime exposures (28 and 43 ms) and increased with prime duration. The onset and amount of facilitation differed significantly for these semantic, nonassociative pairs and for associative-semantic prime-target pairs (e.g., cow-bull). The latter pairs produced facilitation, but later (at prime-target SOAs of 70 and 200 ms) and of lesser magnitude. These results are discussed in relation to three current models of semantic memory: spreading activation, compound cue, and distributed models. Three models of semantic memory - spreading activation, compound cue, & distributed - were evaluated in four priming experiments using a semantic categorization task. Two types of prime-target pairs were compared: semantic nonassociative & associative-semantic. In both types, the prime & target belonged to the same semantic category; in the first type, however, the prime & target shared featural overlap while in the second type, the prime & target were related by association. Subjects were instructed to categorize the target word in relation to the prespecified category. Results demonstrated a stronger, faster priming effect for pairs with significant semantic feature overlap (the semantic nonassociative condition). The data provide some evidence in support of distributed models, some limitations for spreading activation models, & ambiguous findings for compound cue models. 1 Table, 14 References. C. Brennan Robust priming was shown in a semantic categorization task for prime-target pairs which shared semantic features (e.g., pumpkin-squash). Priming facilitation for these pairs was demonstrated at extremely rapid prime exposures (28 and 43 ms) and increased with prime duration. The onset and amount of facilitation differed significantly for these semantic, nonassociative pairs and for associative-semantic prime-target pairs (e.g., cow-bull). The latter pairs produced facilitation, but later (at prime-target SOAs of 70 and 200 ms) and of lesser magnitude. These results are discussed in relation to three current models of semantic memory: spreading activation, compound cue, and distributed models.Robust priming was shown in a semantic categorization task for prime-target pairs which shared semantic features (e.g., pumpkin-squash). Priming facilitation for these pairs was demonstrated at extremely rapid prime exposures (28 and 43 ms) and increased with prime duration. The onset and amount of facilitation differed significantly for these semantic, nonassociative pairs and for associative-semantic prime-target pairs (e.g., cow-bull). The latter pairs produced facilitation, but later (at prime-target SOAs of 70 and 200 ms) and of lesser magnitude. These results are discussed in relation to three current models of semantic memory: spreading activation, compound cue, and distributed models. |
| Author | Frenck-Mestre, C. Bueno, S. |
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| Cites_doi | 10.1016/S0022-5371(84)90434-1 10.1037/0096-3445.118.1.43 10.1006/jmla.1997.2559 10.1080/016909698386393 10.1037/0033-295X.95.3.385 10.1037/0033-295X.99.4.650 10.1016/0749-596X(88)90025-3 10.1037/0033-295X.82.6.407 |
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| Keywords | associative relatedness semantic categorization Key Words: Semantic features |
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| References | Shelton, Martin (RF13) 1992; 18 Balota, Lorch (RF1) 1986; 12 Grainger, Frenck-Mestre (RF3) 1998; 13 Masson (RF5) 1995; 21 McKoon, Ratcliff (RF6) 1992; 18 Monsell, Doyle, Haggard (RF10) 1989; 118 Neely (RF11) 1991 Ratcliff, McKoon (RF12) 1988; 95 Thompson-Schill, Kurtz, Gabrieli (RF14) 1998; 38 Collins, Loftus (RF2) 1975; 82 Lupker (RF4) 1984; 23 McNamara, Altarriba (RF8) 1988; 27 McRae, Boisvert (RF9) 1998; 24 McNamara (RF7) 1992; 99 Grainger (10.1006/brln.1999.2079_RF3) 1998; 13 Thompson-Schill (10.1006/brln.1999.2079_RF14) 1998; 38 Masson (10.1006/brln.1999.2079_RF5) 1995; 21 McNamara (10.1006/brln.1999.2079_RF8) 1988; 27 Shelton (10.1006/brln.1999.2079_RF13) 1992; 18 Balota (10.1006/brln.1999.2079_RF1) 1986; 12 Neely (10.1006/brln.1999.2079_RF11) 1991 Collins (10.1006/brln.1999.2079_RF2) 1975; 82 McKoon (10.1006/brln.1999.2079_RF6) 1992; 18 McRae (10.1006/brln.1999.2079_RF9) 1998; 24 Monsell (10.1006/brln.1999.2079_RF10) 1989; 118 Ratcliff (10.1006/brln.1999.2079_RF12) 1988; 95 Lupker (10.1006/brln.1999.2079_RF4) 1984; 23 McNamara (10.1006/brln.1999.2079_RF7) 1992; 99 |
| References_xml | – volume: 18 start-page: 1155 year: 1992 end-page: 1172 ident: RF6 article-title: Spreading activation versus compound cue accounts of priming: Mediated priming revisited publication-title: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition – volume: 18 start-page: 1191 year: 1992 end-page: 1210 ident: RF13 article-title: How semantic is automatic semantic priming? publication-title: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition – volume: 27 start-page: 545 year: 1988 end-page: 559 ident: RF8 article-title: Depth of spreading activation revisited: Semantic mediated priming occurs in lexical decisions publication-title: Journal of Memory and Language – volume: 38 start-page: 440 year: 1998 end-page: 458 ident: RF14 article-title: Effects of semantic and associative relatedness on automatic priming publication-title: Journal of Memory and Language – volume: 24 start-page: 558 year: 1998 end-page: 572 ident: RF9 article-title: Automatic semantic similarity priming publication-title: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition – volume: 13 start-page: 601 year: 1998 end-page: 623 ident: RF3 article-title: Masked priming by translation equivalents in proficient bilinguals publication-title: Language and Cognitive Processes – volume: 95 start-page: 385 year: 1988 end-page: 408 ident: RF12 article-title: A retrieval theory of priming in memory publication-title: Psychological Review – volume: 82 start-page: 407 year: 1975 end-page: 428 ident: RF2 article-title: A spreading activation theory of semantic processing publication-title: Psychological Review – volume: 99 start-page: 650 year: 1992 end-page: 662 ident: RF7 article-title: Priming and constraints it places on theories of memory and retrieval publication-title: Psychological Review – volume: 12 start-page: 336 year: 1986 end-page: 345 ident: RF1 article-title: Depth of automatic spreading activation: Mediated priming effects in pronunciation but not in lexical decision publication-title: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition – volume: 118 start-page: 43 year: 1989 end-page: 71 ident: RF10 article-title: Effects of frequency on visual word recognition tasks: Where are they? 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publication-title: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition – volume: 12 start-page: 336 year: 1986 ident: 10.1006/brln.1999.2079_RF1 article-title: Depth of automatic spreading activation: Mediated priming effects in pronunciation but not in lexical decision publication-title: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition – volume: 118 start-page: 43 year: 1989 ident: 10.1006/brln.1999.2079_RF10 article-title: Effects of frequency on visual word recognition tasks: Where are they? publication-title: Journal of Experimental Psychology: General doi: 10.1037/0096-3445.118.1.43 – volume: 21 start-page: 3 year: 1995 ident: 10.1006/brln.1999.2079_RF5 article-title: A distributed memory model of semantic priming publication-title: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition – volume: 38 start-page: 440 year: 1998 ident: 10.1006/brln.1999.2079_RF14 article-title: Effects of semantic and associative relatedness on automatic priming publication-title: Journal of Memory and Language doi: 10.1006/jmla.1997.2559 – volume: 13 start-page: 601 year: 1998 ident: 10.1006/brln.1999.2079_RF3 article-title: Masked priming by translation equivalents in proficient bilinguals publication-title: Language and Cognitive Processes doi: 10.1080/016909698386393 – volume: 95 start-page: 385 year: 1988 ident: 10.1006/brln.1999.2079_RF12 article-title: A retrieval theory of priming in memory publication-title: Psychological Review doi: 10.1037/0033-295X.95.3.385 – volume: 24 start-page: 558 year: 1998 ident: 10.1006/brln.1999.2079_RF9 article-title: Automatic semantic similarity priming publication-title: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition – volume: 99 start-page: 650 year: 1992 ident: 10.1006/brln.1999.2079_RF7 article-title: Priming and constraints it places on theories of memory and retrieval publication-title: Psychological Review doi: 10.1037/0033-295X.99.4.650 – volume: 27 start-page: 545 year: 1988 ident: 10.1006/brln.1999.2079_RF8 article-title: Depth of spreading activation revisited: Semantic mediated priming occurs in lexical decisions publication-title: Journal of Memory and Language doi: 10.1016/0749-596X(88)90025-3 – year: 1991 ident: 10.1006/brln.1999.2079_RF11 article-title: Semantic priming effects in visual word recognition: A selective review of current findings and theories – volume: 82 start-page: 407 year: 1975 ident: 10.1006/brln.1999.2079_RF2 article-title: A spreading activation theory of semantic processing publication-title: Psychological Review doi: 10.1037/0033-295X.82.6.407 |
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| SubjectTerms | Associative Processes associative relatedness Cognition - physiology Humans Key Words: Semantic features Lexical Access Priming Reaction Time Semantic Categories semantic categorization Semantic Features Semantics Visual Perception - physiology Vocabulary Word Meaning |
| Title | Semantic Features and Semantic Categories: Differences in Rapid Activation of the Lexicon |
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