Changes in the critical erosion velocity for sediment colonized by biofilm
In flowing water the incipient motion of sediment can be affected by the presence of microbial biofilm growth. This article documents a series of flume experiments using non‐uniform sediments, in which sediment entrainment was investigated for cases where the sediment was immersed in deionized water...
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| Published in | Sedimentology Vol. 61; no. 3; pp. 648 - 659 |
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| Main Authors | , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Madrid
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
01.04.2014
Wiley Subscription Services, Inc |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0037-0746 1365-3091 |
| DOI | 10.1111/sed.12065 |
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| Abstract | In flowing water the incipient motion of sediment can be affected by the presence of microbial biofilm growth. This article documents a series of flume experiments using non‐uniform sediments, in which sediment entrainment was investigated for cases where the sediment was immersed in deionized water, so that no biofilm developed, and for cases where a bio‐sediment was cultivated by placing the sediment in a mixture of natural water and nutrient solution. Differences in entrainment and the velocity at incipient motion were measured over an eight week period, as biofilm grew. It was found that the incipient motion phenomena were quite distinct between the two kinds of sediment. Sediment with biofilm was more stable and, over time, incipient velocity increased to a threshold level, before declining. Biofilm development is clearly an important control on the stability of sediments, especially in eutrophic water bodies. Two incipient velocity formulas were derived for sliding and rolling conditions. Film water theory was utilized to describe the cohesive force between sediment particles and the adhesive force generated by biofilm was introduced into the formula derivation; the time variation characteristics of biofilm strength and the features of the substrate were also taken into consideration. Such analyses can help to predict sediment transport changes due to biofilm presence in nutrient‐rich water bodies. |
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| AbstractList | In flowing water the incipient motion of sediment can be affected by the presence of microbial biofilm growth. This article documents a series of flume experiments using non‐uniform sediments, in which sediment entrainment was investigated for cases where the sediment was immersed in deionized water, so that no biofilm developed, and for cases where a bio‐sediment was cultivated by placing the sediment in a mixture of natural water and nutrient solution. Differences in entrainment and the velocity at incipient motion were measured over an eight week period, as biofilm grew. It was found that the incipient motion phenomena were quite distinct between the two kinds of sediment. Sediment with biofilm was more stable and, over time, incipient velocity increased to a threshold level, before declining. Biofilm development is clearly an important control on the stability of sediments, especially in eutrophic water bodies. Two incipient velocity formulas were derived for sliding and rolling conditions. Film water theory was utilized to describe the cohesive force between sediment particles and the adhesive force generated by biofilm was introduced into the formula derivation; the time variation characteristics of biofilm strength and the features of the substrate were also taken into consideration. Such analyses can help to predict sediment transport changes due to biofilm presence in nutrient‐rich water bodies. In flowing water the incipient motion of sediment can be affected by the presence of microbial biofilm growth. This article documents a series of flume experiments using non-uniform sediments, in which sediment entrainment was investigated for cases where the sediment was immersed in deionized water, so that no biofilm developed, and for cases where a bio-sediment was cultivated by placing the sediment in a mixture of natural water and nutrient solution. Differences in entrainment and the velocity at incipient motion were measured over an eight week period, as biofilm grew. It was found that the incipient motion phenomena were quite distinct between the two kinds of sediment. Sediment with biofilm was more stable and, over time, incipient velocity increased to a threshold level, before declining. Biofilm development is clearly an important control on the stability of sediments, especially in eutrophic water bodies. Two incipient velocity formulas were derived for sliding and rolling conditions. Film water theory was utilized to describe the cohesive force between sediment particles and the adhesive force generated by biofilm was introduced into the formula derivation; the time variation characteristics of biofilm strength and the features of the substrate were also taken into consideration. Such analyses can help to predict sediment transport changes due to biofilm presence in nutrient-rich water bodies. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT] |
| Author | Shang, Qianqian Fang, Hongwei Chen, Minghong He, Guojian |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Hongwei surname: Fang fullname: Fang, Hongwei email: fanghw@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn organization: Department of Hydraulic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Hydro-science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China – sequence: 2 givenname: Qianqian surname: Shang fullname: Shang, Qianqian organization: Department of Hydraulic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Hydro-science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China – sequence: 3 givenname: Minghong surname: Chen fullname: Chen, Minghong organization: College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, 100083, Beijing, China – sequence: 4 givenname: Guojian surname: He fullname: He, Guojian organization: Department of Hydraulic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Hydro-science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China |
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| Cites_doi | 10.1016/S0307-904X(98)10081-1 10.1007/s10750-007-9099-9 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2007)133:4(364) 10.1007/s11431-011-4730-4 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2004)130:8(755) 10.1002/rra.1296 10.6028/jres.021.039 10.1080/00221689909498522 10.1080/00221686.2010.507012 10.1111/j.1365-3091.1977.tb00136.x 10.1061/9780784404003.ch08 10.1128/AEM.69.9.5443-5452.2003 10.1006/ecss.2001.0790 10.1080/713851126 10.1038/330244a0 10.1016/S0043-1354(03)00083-6 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2007.06.010 10.1080/00221686.2009.9522003 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2000)126:8(578) 10.1016/S0272-7714(06)80010-7 10.1111/j.1472-4669.2007.00120.x 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2004.09.004 10.1128/AEM.00588-07 |
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(2012) Experiment on surface charge distribution of fine sediment. Sci. China - Technol. Sci., 55(4), 1146-1152. 2009; 47 1938; 21 1960; 5 2009 1999; 23 1997 2003; 37 2008; 6 2007; 73 1977; 24 2005; 27 2012; 55 1935; 100 1936 2009; 26 1999 2007; 112 2010; 48 1987; 330 2009; 75 2010; 46 2000; 126 1963; 7 2004; 130 2007; 133 1999; 37 2003; 69 1994; 39 2008; 596 2005; 55 2003; 20 2001; 53 e_1_2_8_29_1 Shields A. (e_1_2_8_28_1) 1936 e_1_2_8_24_1 e_1_2_8_25_1 e_1_2_8_27_1 e_1_2_8_3_1 Tang C. B. (e_1_2_8_30_1) 1963; 7 e_1_2_8_2_1 e_1_2_8_5_1 e_1_2_8_4_1 e_1_2_8_7_1 e_1_2_8_6_1 Dou G.R. (e_1_2_8_11_1) 1960; 5 e_1_2_8_8_1 e_1_2_8_20_1 Chien N. (e_1_2_8_9_1) 1999 e_1_2_8_22_1 Righetti M. (e_1_2_8_26_1) 2007; 112 e_1_2_8_23_1 Kramer H. (e_1_2_8_21_1) 1935; 100 e_1_2_8_17_1 e_1_2_8_18_1 e_1_2_8_14_1 e_1_2_8_35_1 e_1_2_8_16_1 Wu Z. C. (e_1_2_8_33_1) 2005; 27 Graba M. (e_1_2_8_15_1) 2010; 46 Fang H. W. (e_1_2_8_13_1) 2009 Israelachvili J (e_1_2_8_19_1) 1997 e_1_2_8_32_1 e_1_2_8_10_1 e_1_2_8_31_1 e_1_2_8_34_1 e_1_2_8_12_1 |
| References_xml | – reference: Stal, L. J. (2003) Microphytobenthos, their extracellular polymeric substances, and the morphogenesis of intertidal sediments. Geomicrobiol J., 20(5), 463-478. – reference: Battin, T.J., Kaplan, L. A., Newbold, J.D., Cheng, X. H. and Hansen, C. (2003) Effects of current velocity on the nascent architecture of stream microbial biofilms. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 69(9), 5443-5452. – reference: Righetti, M. and Lucarelli, C. (2007) May the shields theory be extended to cohesive and adhesive benthic sediments? J. Geophys. Res., 112(C05039), 1-14. – reference: Tolhurst, T. J., Consalvey, M. and Paterson, D. M. (2008) Changes in cohesive sediment properties associated with the growth of a diatom biofilm. Hydrobiologia, 596(1), 225-239. – reference: Besemer, K., Singer, G., Limberger, R., Chlup, A.K., Hochedlinger, G., Hoedl, I., Baranyi, C. and Battin, T. J. (2007) Biophysical controls on community succession in stream biofilms. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 73(15), 4966-4974. – reference: Fang, H.W. and Wang, G. Q. (2000) Three-dimensional mathematical model for suspended sediment transport. J. Hydraul. Eng., ASCE 126(8), 578-592. – reference: Bobertz, B., Harff, J. and Bohling, B. (2009) Parameterisation of clastic sediments including benthic structures. J. Mar. Syst., 75(3-4), 371-381. – reference: Grant, J. and Gust, G. (1987) Prediction of coastal sediment stability from photopigment content of mats of purple sulfur bacteria. Nature, 330, 244-246. – reference: Andersen, T.J., Lund-Hansen, L.C., Pejrup, M., Jensen, K.T. and Mouritsen, K. N. (2005) Biologically induced differences in erodibility and aggregation of subtidal and intertidal sediments: a possible cause for seasonal changes in sediment deposition. J. Mar. Syst. 55(3/4), 123-138. – reference: Guzman, K., La Motta, E. J., McCorquodale, J. A., Rojas, A. and Ermogenous, M. 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| Title | Changes in the critical erosion velocity for sediment colonized by biofilm |
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