Economic effects of public investment : an emphasis on Marshallian and monetary external economies

This book shows the necessity of measuring the incidence-basis indirect economic effects of public investments. The essential argument can be traced back to H. Mohring versus J. Tinbergen, the conclusions of one contradicting those of the other. Their arguments are called, respectively, “transfer” a...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author 河野, 博忠
Format eBook Book Publication
LanguageEnglish
Published Tokyo Springer 2016
Springer Japan
Edition1
SeriesNew Frontiers in Regional Science: Asian Perspectives
Subjects
Economic Policy
Economics
Economics and Finance
Management science
Public investments
Regional economics
Regional/Spatial Science
Social Policy
Spatial economics
Online AccessGet full text
ISBN4431552235
9784431552239
9784431552246
4431552243
ISSN2199-5974
2199-5982
DOI10.1007/978-4-431-55224-6

Cover

Table of Contents:
  • 6.2.2 Latter Part: Hypothetical Figures of 2 Million Yen More or Less per Auto per Year -- 6.2.3 Undercurrent in the Deep Structure of the Controversy on the Social Costs of Auto -- 6.3 Measurement of Social Costs-Bird´s-Eye View Extracts from the Definitive Edition -- 6.3.1 General Presupposition -- 6.3.1.1 Fundamental Principle of Measurement of Noise Reduction Costs -- 6.3.1.2 Fundamental Principle of Measurement of Costs Coping with Accidents -- 6.3.1.3 Selection of the Targeted Area -- 6.3.1.4 Targeted Highway -- 6.3.1.5 Areal Classification of Roadside -- 6.3.1.6 Flow Chart of Noise Reduction Costs/Accident Reduction Costs -- 6.3.2 Measurement of Noise Reduction Costs -- 6.3.2.1 Target Value for the Environmental Preservation -- 6.3.2.2 Various Measures for Noise Reduction -- 6.3.2.3 Combination of Noise-Exterminating Steps -- 6.3.2.4 Supposition of Reduction Work Quantity by Noise Reduction Measure -- 6.3.2.5 Unit Price per Kilometer of Noise Reduction Costs -- 6.3.2.6 Total Road Length by Noise Rank -- 6.3.2.7 Noise Reduction Costs by Area -- 6.3.2.8 Noise Reduction Costs by Item -- 6.3.2.9 Noise Reduction Costs per 1 Running Vehicle/Kilometer -- 6.3.3 Measurement of Accident Reduction Costs -- 6.3.3.1 Targeted Highway -- 6.3.3.2 Sidewalk Installation Costs -- 6.3.3.3 The Others´ Accident Reduction Costs -- 6.3.3.4 Estimated Accident Reduction Costs -- 6.3.4 A Consideration on the Measured Results of Social Costs -- 6.3.4.1 Road Length in Need of Environmental Reduction Measures -- 6.3.4.2 Magnitude of Social Costs (Environmental Reduction Costs) -- 6.3.4.3 Conclusion: Social Costs per 1 Auto Vehicle per Year -- 6.3.4.4 Data for Comparative Study -- 6.4 Closing Comments -- 6.4.1 Empirical Analysis of Political Economics-Like Subject -- 6.4.2 Uzawa Model and the Measurement Result of Social Costs as Definitive Version
  • 4.3.1 Transition Process of Temporary Equilibrium of Representative Firm Due to Marshallian External Economies (p1p4) -- 4.3.2 Formation of Monetary External Economies of Price Decline (p1p4) Due to Marshallian Technological External Economies -- References -- Chapter 5: Formation Process of Marshallian External Economies: Number 3-Technological and Marketable Propagation/Diffusion of... -- 5.1 Marshallian External Economies: In the Case That Has the TechnologicalMarketable External Economies Induced at the Stage o... -- 5.2 Scale-Enlargement Effects of Factory -- 5.3 Enormousness of the Technological Propagation/Diffusion: Not Always Being Attenuated, But -- 5.3.1 Enormousness of the Technological Propagation/Diffusion of Technological External Economies: ParallelConcurrently Occurr... -- 5.3.2 Prehistory of ``Nonmarketable Propagation/Diffusion of Technological External Economies´´ -- 5.3.3 Paralleled Frequently Concurrent Propagation/Diffusion Process Induced at the Stage on the Way: Not Necessarily Attenuat... -- 5.4 Concluding Remarks-Led to the ``Propagation/Diffusion Basis´´ -- 5.4.1 Devising the Propagation/Diffusion Basis -- 5.4.2 Scale-Enlargement Effects of FactoryWarehouse: Existence Recognized Toward Measurement and Utilization -- 5.4.3 On Amplified External Economies -- References -- Chapter 6: Social Costs and the Measurement -- 6.1 Definitions of Social Costs -- 6.1.1 Various Definitions of Social Costs -- 6.1.1.1 ``National Economic Total Costs´´ View -- 6.1.1.2 ``Loss Deviated from the Optimum Organization´´ View -- 6.1.1.3 ``Nonmarketable Burden by the Third-Party´´ View -- 6.1.1.4 ``Environmental Damage Reduction Costs´´´ View -- 6.1.2 Illustration by Diagram -- 6.2 Social Cost Controversy of Auto -- 6.2.1 Former Part: Offense and Defense of 70 Thousand vs. 7 Thousand Yen per Vehicle per Year of Auto
  • 7.2.2 Measurement Results of Public Noise Evaluation Rate
  • 2.1.1 Measuring Method Taking Hold of Trade-Offs Between the Drivers´ Speed Selection and His Driving Time Value -- 2.1.1.1 Herbert Mohring´s Model -- Box 2.1: Mohring (1964) Highway Research Record (47): 1-14 (From p. 2 line 17 to p. 3 line 22) -- 2.1.1.2 Application of Mohring Model to Metropolitan Expressway of Japan -- 2.1.2 Measuring Method of Time Value Through the Medium of the Ratio of Traffic Assignment -- Box 2.2: S. Kohbe [8, 9], pp. 27-32 -- N. Sakashita [20], pp. 49-55 -- 2.2 Social Discount Rate -- 2.2.1 Several Social Discount Rates -- 2.2.2 Eckstein´s Social Discount Rate Model -- Box 2.3: Eckstein (1957) Q.J.E. 71(1): 56-85 (From p. 75, line 4 to p. 77, line 21) -- References -- Chapter 3: Perfect Transfer Theory of Indirect Economic Effects Formation: Based on the Generation Base vs. Incidence Base -- 3.1 Transport Service Demand . Supply Function of Individual Firm -- 3.2 Gross Surplus Originated from the Transport Service of Individual Firm (Firm A) -- 3.3 Demand Function and Supply Function to and of the ``Strawberry´´ Products of Firm A -- 3.4 Market Demand Curve and the Shift of Market Supply Curve of s Goods -- 3.5 Direct Effects of Incidence Base of Firm A -- 3.6 Indirect Economic Effects Spreading to Firm B, Firm C, etc. -- 3.7 Transferred Indirect Economic Effects in Incidence Base -- 3.8 Numerical Expression of the Perfect Transfer Theory -- 3.9 Summation of Economic Effects by Itemby Period (Incidence Base) -- References -- Chapter 4: Independent Existence Theory Forming Indirect Effects and Its Three Examples: Congestion Easing, Scale Enlargement ... -- 4.1 Congestion-Easing Effects on the Existing (Competitive) Highway -- 4.2 Scale-Enlargement Effects of FactoryWarehouse -- 4.3 Marshallian External Economies: Number 2
  • Intro -- Preface -- Advocacy of the Independent Existence Theory of Indirect Economic Effects -- Controversy Regarding Social Costs -- Inquiry into and Restoration of Pecuniary=Monetary External Economies -- Contents -- About the Author -- Chapter 1: Definition of Economic Effects, Necessity of Measurement, Prototype Model, and Externalities -- 1.1 What Is Economic Effects or Social Benefits? -- 1.2 Necessity of Indirect Economic Effects Measurement -- 1.2.1 Intended External Economies Generating Installational Structure -- 1.2.2 Discrepancy of Private Profitability and Social Usefulness -- 1.2.3 Necessity of Economic Effects Measurement of the Public Investment -- 1.2.4 Importance of Indirect Economic Effects and Necessity of Their Measurement -- 1.2.5 Enormousness of Indirect Economic Effects Compared To Direct Ones -- 1.3 Prototype Model for Measurement Method of Individual Economic Effects -- 1.3.1 Prototype Model -- 1.3.1.1 Direct Economic Effects -- 1.3.1.1.1 Saving Benefits of Running Costs -- 1.3.1.1.2 Saving of Transport Time -- 1.3.1.2 Superficial Definition of Indirect Effects as a Complementary Set -- 1.3.2 Multilayered and Causal Relationship Among Items of Individual Economic Effects -- 1.4 Technological Externality and Monetary Externality: Number 1 -- 1.4.1 Basic Concept of Monetary Externality -- 1.4.2 An Explanation on Restoration of Development Profits -- 1.4.3 Special Treatise on Indirect Economic Effects Measurement and Their Enormous Magnitude -- 1.4.3.1 Special Treatise on Public Utility -- 1.4.3.2 Indirect Effects Measurement Method Based on Ultimate Indicator of Changes of Profits Price in the General Equilibriu... -- 1.4.3.3 Brief Review on Monetary External Economies -- References -- Chapter 2: Time-Saved Evaluation and Social Discount Rate -- 2.1 Time-Saved Evaluation
  • 6.4.3 Meaningfulness of the Measurement Result of Social Costs as Definitive Version -- References -- Chapter 7: Measurement of Evaluation Rate of Public Pollution (Noise) -- 7.1 Measurement of Noise Evaluation Rate Using Multiattributed Utility Theory -- 7.1.1 Necessity of Comprehensive Evaluation -- 7.1.2 Theory of Multiattribute Utility Function -- Box 7.1: Keeney (1974) Operations Research 22: 22-34 (From p.22 to p.25) -- Keeney Theorem 7.1 -- Lemma 7.1 -- Lemma 7.2 -- Lemma 7.3 -- Corollary -- 7.1.3 Evaluation Method of Multiattribute Utility Function -- 7.1.3.1 Verifying the Preferentially Independent -- 7.1.3.2 Verifying the Utility Independent -- 7.1.3.3 Ordering of the Scaling Constants -- 7.1.3.4 Evaluating the Scaling Constants of ki -- 7.1.3.5 Evaluation of the Single Attribute Utility Function Ui(xi) -- 7.1.3.6 Identification of Whether the Multiattribute Utility Function Ux Will Be Additive or Multiplicative -- 7.1.3.7 Evaluation of the Scaling Constants k in Case of Being Multiplicative -- 7.1.4 Measurement of Evaluation Rates of Public Pollution (Noise) and the Commuting Time -- 7.1.5 Appraisal of the Multiattribute Utility Function in Order to Measure the Evaluation Rates of Public Pollution and the Co... -- Design of Questionnaire Sheets -- 7.1.6 Interviewee A´s Measurement Results of Multiattribute Utility Function and the Evaluation Rates of Public Pollution and ... -- 7.1.6.1 Verified Results of the Preferentially Independent -- 7.1.6.2 Verified Results of the Utility Independent -- 7.1.6.3 Evaluated Results of the Scaling Constants ki -- 7.1.6.4 Identified Results of Functional Form of Multiattribute Utility Function and the Accomplishment of Evaluation Rates as... -- 7.1.7 Problems Left -- 7.2 Theory and Measurement of Pollution Evaluation Rate -- 7.2.1 At the Beginning