Human impacts on the Changjiang (Yangtze) River basin, China, with special reference to the impacts on the dry season water discharges into the sea
The annual mean discharge from the upper Changjiang (Yangtze) basin has shown a significant decreasing trend since the end of the 19th century. Since the 1970s, the monthly mean discharge to the sea has also shown a dramatic decrease during dry seasons. This paper examines the human impacts on the m...
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Published in | Geomorphology (Amsterdam) Vol. 41; no. 2; pp. 111 - 123 |
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Main Authors | , , , , |
Format | Journal Article Conference Proceeding |
Language | English |
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Amsterdam
Elsevier B.V
15.11.2001
Elsevier |
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Abstract | The annual mean discharge from the upper Changjiang (Yangtze) basin has shown a significant decreasing trend since the end of the 19th century. Since the 1970s, the monthly mean discharge to the sea has also shown a dramatic decrease during dry seasons. This paper examines the human impacts on the major hydrological processes in the Changjiang River basin, with a special focus on their influence on the discharge from the drainage basin to the sea during the dry season. Climatic warming has been obvious since the 1960s in the headwater area, resulting a continuous retreat of glaciers, while the increased evaporation is responsible for the dropping of lake water levels and decrease in water area. Such a trend continuing into the coming decades will significantly change the seasonal hydrological processes, especially the dry-season discharges from the upper basin. The decreasing vegetation cover and the increasing reservoir volume capacity also impacted on the water discharge over the past decades, although in different ways. The possible impacts of the Three Gorges Dam on the monthly variation of water discharge to the sea are discussed with special emphasis. In the middle basin discussions are focused on the effect of decreasing lake area, of increasing reservoir capacity, and of irrigated agriculture on the temporal changes of water discharge since the 1950s. The human impacts on water discharge from the lower basin to the sea are mostly attributed to water transfer to both tributary and neighboring drainage basins by a large number of electric pumping stations and sluices. The total water transferring capacity is more than 5000 m
3/s along the lower river. Studies indicate that in a dry season the water discharge to the sea is greatly reduced and results in strong saltwater intrusion in the estuary. |
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AbstractList | The annual mean discharge from the upper Changjiang (Yangtze) basin has shown a significant decreasing trend since the end of the 19th century. Since the 1970s, the monthly mean discharge to the sea has also shown a dramatic decrease during dry seasons. This paper examines the human impacts on the major hydrological processes in the Changjiang River basin, with a special focus on their influence on the discharge from the drainage basin to the sea during the dry season. Climatic warming has been obvious since the 1960s in the headwater area, resulting a continuous retreat of glaciers, while the increased evaporation is responsible for the dropping of lake water levels and decrease in water area. Such a trend continuing into the coming decades will significantly change the seasonal hydrological processes, especially the dry-season discharges from the upper basin. The decreasing vegetation cover and the increasing reservoir volume capacity also impacted on the water discharge over the past decades, although in different ways. The possible impacts of the Three Gorges Dam on the monthly variation of water discharge to the sea are discussed with special emphasis. In the middle basin discussions are focused on the effect of decreasing lake area, of increasing reservoir capacity, and of irrigated agriculture on the temporal changes of water discharge since the 1950s. The human impacts on water discharge from the lower basin to the sea are mostly attributed to water transfer to both tributary and neighboring drainage basins by a large number of electric pumping stations and sluices. The total water transferring capacity is more than 5000 m super(3)/s along the lower river. Studies indicate that in a dry season the water discharge to the sea is greatly reduced and results in strong saltwater intrusion in the estuary. The annual mean discharge from the upper Changjiang (Yangtze) basin has shown a significant decreasing trend since the end of the 19th century. Since the 1970s, the monthly mean discharge to the sea has also shown a dramatic decrease during dry seasons. This paper examines the human impacts on the major hydrological processes in the Changjiang River basin, with a special focus on their influence on the discharge from the drainage basin to the sea during the dry season. Climatic warming has been obvious since the 1960s in the headwater area, resulting a continuous retreat of glaciers, while the increased evaporation is responsible for the dropping of lake water levels and decrease in water area. Such a trend continuing into the coming decades will significantly change the seasonal hydrological processes, especially the dry-season discharges from the upper basin. The decreasing vegetation cover and the increasing reservoir volume capacity also impacted on the water discharge over the past decades, although in different ways. The possible impacts of the Three Gorges Dam on the monthly variation of water discharge to the sea are discussed with special emphasis. In the middle basin discussions are focused on the effect of decreasing lake area, of increasing reservoir capacity, and of irrigated agriculture on the temporal changes of water discharge since the 1950s. The human impacts on water discharge from the lower basin to the sea are mostly attributed to water transfer to both tributary and neighboring drainage basins by a large number of electric pumping stations and sluices. The total water transferring capacity is more than 5000 m 3/s along the lower river. Studies indicate that in a dry season the water discharge to the sea is greatly reduced and results in strong saltwater intrusion in the estuary. |
Author | Zong, Yongqiang Li, Shijie Xu, Jiangang Chen, Xiqing Zhang, Erfeng |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Xiqing surname: Chen fullname: Chen, Xiqing email: cxqing@ihw.com.cn organization: State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China – sequence: 2 givenname: Yongqiang surname: Zong fullname: Zong, Yongqiang organization: Department of Geography, University of Durham, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK – sequence: 3 givenname: Erfeng surname: Zhang fullname: Zhang, Erfeng organization: State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China – sequence: 4 givenname: Jiangang surname: Xu fullname: Xu, Jiangang organization: Geography Department, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China – sequence: 5 givenname: Shijie surname: Li fullname: Li, Shijie organization: Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China |
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Cites_doi | 10.18307/1999.0102 10.1080/02723646.1998.10642659 10.1023/A:1008119805106 10.18307/1998.0416 |
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Keywords | Interbasin water transfer Three Gorges River discharge Fluvial processes The Changjiang River impact statements river discharge climate warming vegetation human activity dams pumping agriculture drainage basins fluvial environment Asia water resource management landform evolution |
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tidal gauges in Shanghai, China publication-title: Journal of Coastal Research contributor: fullname: Chen – volume: 22 start-page: 165 year: 1998 ident: 10.1016/S0169-555X(01)00109-X_BIB26 article-title: The 1998 flood on the Yangtze, China publication-title: Natural Hazards doi: 10.1023/A:1008119805106 contributor: fullname: Zong – volume: 28 start-page: 19 issue: 2 year: 1997 ident: 10.1016/S0169-555X(01)00109-X_BIB14 article-title: Prospective of irrigation agriculture development in the Changjiang River Basin publication-title: Yangtze River contributor: fullname: Liu – year: 1998 ident: 10.1016/S0169-555X(01)00109-X_BIB10 article-title: The flood disasters in the upper Changjiang River and the sustainable development in the upper basin publication-title: Zhongguokexuebao contributor: fullname: Fang – volume: 14 start-page: 838 year: 1998 ident: 10.1016/S0169-555X(01)00109-X_BIB4 article-title: Changjiang Yangtze River Delta, China publication-title: Journal of Coastal Research contributor: fullname: Chen – volume: 12 start-page: 26 year: 1996 ident: 10.1016/S0169-555X(01)00109-X_BIB3 article-title: An integrated study of sediment discharge from the Changjiang River, China and the delta development since the mid-Holocene publication-title: Journal of Coastal Research contributor: fullname: Chen – volume: 1 start-page: 16 year: 1988 ident: 10.1016/S0169-555X(01)00109-X_BIB16 article-title: Work narration about the Wujiang River basin planning publication-title: Quarterly of Changjiang River Annals contributor: fullname: Mo – volume: vol. 4 start-page: 53 year: 1995 ident: 10.1016/S0169-555X(01)00109-X_BIB21 – ident: 10.1016/S0169-555X(01)00109-X_BIB8 – ident: 10.1016/S0169-555X(01)00109-X_BIB24 – volume: 3 start-page: 32 year: 1989 ident: 10.1016/S0169-555X(01)00109-X_BIB25 article-title: The processes in the large scale irrigation area in Hunan Province publication-title: Quarterly of Changjiang River Annals contributor: fullname: Zhou – volume: 10 start-page: 95 issue: 4 year: 1998 ident: 10.1016/S0169-555X(01)00109-X_BIB13 article-title: The scientific expedition on the modern lake evolution in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau: a preliminary report publication-title: Journal of Lake Sciences doi: 10.18307/1998.0416 contributor: fullname: Li |
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SubjectTerms | Brackish China, People's Rep., Yangtze R Earth sciences Earth, ocean, space Exact sciences and technology Fluvial processes Freshwater Hydrology Hydrology. Hydrogeology Interbasin water transfer Marine Marine and continental quaternary River discharge Surficial geology The Changjiang River Three Gorges Water resources |
Title | Human impacts on the Changjiang (Yangtze) River basin, China, with special reference to the impacts on the dry season water discharges into the sea |
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