Hydromechanical triggering of landslides: From progressive local failures to mass release
Water infiltrating during intense rainfall on steep slopes gradually weakens the wet soil mass, inducing localized failures that may initiate a cascade of load redistributions and successive failures propagating across a hillslope. The challenge of linking the progressive nature of local events culm...
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| Published in | Water resources research Vol. 48; no. 3 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
01.03.2012
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0043-1397 1944-7973 |
| DOI | 10.1029/2011WR010947 |
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| Abstract | Water infiltrating during intense rainfall on steep slopes gradually weakens the wet soil mass, inducing localized failures that may initiate a cascade of load redistributions and successive failures propagating across a hillslope. The challenge of linking the progressive nature of local events culminating in an abrupt landslide is addressed by a new hydromechanical triggering model that links key hydrologic processes with threshold‐based mechanical interactions. A hillslope is represented as assembly of soil columns interconnected by frictional and tensile mechanical bonds represented as virtual bundles of fibers. Increasing water load exerted on mechanical bonds causes gradual failure of fibers until restraining forces are exceeded. Following failure at the soil‐bedrock interface, the load on a column is redistributed to its neighbors via intact mechanical (primarily tensile) bonds which, in turn, may also fail and transmit the load downslope as compressive stresses. When soil internal compressive strength is exceeded, a load‐bearing column may liquefy and initiate a landslide release that could propagate downslope or retrogressively upslope. The model reproduces observed power law frequency magnitude relationships of landslides with exponents ranging between −1.0 and −2.2 in agreement with landslide inventory data. We applied a criticality measure defined by Ramos (2011) to evaluate the specific influences of slope angle, soil texture, and root reinforcement on attainment of hillslope criticality in which a small local failure may trigger release of a large soil mass. The model provides new insights on the conditions giving rise to an abrupt transition from a seemingly stable hillslope to a catastrophic landslide.
Key Points
Small local mechanical perturbations may grow and culminate to landslides
Hillslope criticality increases with slope angle and root reinforcement
Hydro‐mechanical model computes spatial and temporal patterns of soil strength |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Water infiltrating during intense rainfall on steep slopes gradually weakens the wet soil mass, inducing localized failures that may initiate a cascade of load redistributions and successive failures propagating across a hillslope. The challenge of linking the progressive nature of local events culminating in an abrupt landslide is addressed by a new hydromechanical triggering model that links key hydrologic processes with threshold‐based mechanical interactions. A hillslope is represented as assembly of soil columns interconnected by frictional and tensile mechanical bonds represented as virtual bundles of fibers. Increasing water load exerted on mechanical bonds causes gradual failure of fibers until restraining forces are exceeded. Following failure at the soil‐bedrock interface, the load on a column is redistributed to its neighbors via intact mechanical (primarily tensile) bonds which, in turn, may also fail and transmit the load downslope as compressive stresses. When soil internal compressive strength is exceeded, a load‐bearing column may liquefy and initiate a landslide release that could propagate downslope or retrogressively upslope. The model reproduces observed power law frequency magnitude relationships of landslides with exponents ranging between −1.0 and −2.2 in agreement with landslide inventory data. We applied a criticality measure defined by Ramos (2011) to evaluate the specific influences of slope angle, soil texture, and root reinforcement on attainment of hillslope criticality in which a small local failure may trigger release of a large soil mass. The model provides new insights on the conditions giving rise to an abrupt transition from a seemingly stable hillslope to a catastrophic landslide.
Key Points
Small local mechanical perturbations may grow and culminate to landslides
Hillslope criticality increases with slope angle and root reinforcement
Hydro‐mechanical model computes spatial and temporal patterns of soil strength Water infiltrating during intense rainfall on steep slopes gradually weakens the wet soil mass, inducing localized failures that may initiate a cascade of load redistributions and successive failures propagating across a hillslope. The challenge of linking the progressive nature of local events culminating in an abrupt landslide is addressed by a new hydromechanical triggering model that links key hydrologic processes with threshold‐based mechanical interactions. A hillslope is represented as assembly of soil columns interconnected by frictional and tensile mechanical bonds represented as virtual bundles of fibers. Increasing water load exerted on mechanical bonds causes gradual failure of fibers until restraining forces are exceeded. Following failure at the soil‐bedrock interface, the load on a column is redistributed to its neighbors via intact mechanical (primarily tensile) bonds which, in turn, may also fail and transmit the load downslope as compressive stresses. When soil internal compressive strength is exceeded, a load‐bearing column may liquefy and initiate a landslide release that could propagate downslope or retrogressively upslope. The model reproduces observed power law frequency magnitude relationships of landslides with exponents ranging between −1.0 and −2.2 in agreement with landslide inventory data. We applied a criticality measure defined by Ramos (2011) to evaluate the specific influences of slope angle, soil texture, and root reinforcement on attainment of hillslope criticality in which a small local failure may trigger release of a large soil mass. The model provides new insights on the conditions giving rise to an abrupt transition from a seemingly stable hillslope to a catastrophic landslide. Small local mechanical perturbations may grow and culminate to landslides Hillslope criticality increases with slope angle and root reinforcement Hydro‐mechanical model computes spatial and temporal patterns of soil strength |
| Author | Lehmann, Peter Or, Dani |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Peter surname: Lehmann fullname: Lehmann, Peter email: peter.lehmann@env.ethz.ch organization: Soil and Terrestrial Environmental Physics STEP, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems,ETH Zurich, Zurich,Switzerland – sequence: 2 givenname: Dani surname: Or fullname: Or, Dani organization: Soil and Terrestrial Environmental Physics STEP, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems,ETH Zurich, Zurich,Switzerland |
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| Snippet | Water infiltrating during intense rainfall on steep slopes gradually weakens the wet soil mass, inducing localized failures that may initiate a cascade of load... |
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| SubjectTerms | criticality hillslope landslide |
| Title | Hydromechanical triggering of landslides: From progressive local failures to mass release |
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