Environmental influences on the stable carbon isotopic composition of Devonian and Early Carboniferous land plants

Systematic analysis of the stable carbon isotopic composition of fossil land plants (δ13Cp) has the potential to offer new insights regarding paleoclimate variation and plant-environment interactions in early terrestrial ecosystems. δ13Cp was measured for 190 fossil plant specimens belonging to 10 g...

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Published inPalaeogeography, palaeoclimatology, palaeoecology Vol. 531; p. 109100
Main Authors Wan, Zhenzhu, Algeo, Thomas J., Gensel, Patricia G., Scheckler, Stephen E., Stein, William E., Cressler, Walter L., Berry, Christopher M., Xu, Honghe, Rowe, Harold D., Sauer, Peter E.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Elsevier B.V 01.10.2019
Subjects
Archaeopteris
Canopy effect
Drepanophycus
Early plants
Sawdonia
Water-use efficiency
Archaeopteris
Drepanophycus
Sawdonia
Early plants
Water-use efficiency
Canopy effect
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Abstract Systematic analysis of the stable carbon isotopic composition of fossil land plants (δ13Cp) has the potential to offer new insights regarding paleoclimate variation and plant-environment interactions in early terrestrial ecosystems. δ13Cp was measured for 190 fossil plant specimens belonging to 10 genera of Early to Late Devonian age (Archaeopteris, Drepanophycus, Haskinsia, Leclercqia, Pertica, Psilophyton, Rhacophyton, Sawdonia, Tetraxylopteris, and Wattieza) and 2 genera of Early Carboniferous age (Genselia and Rhodeopteridium) collected from sites located mainly in the Appalachian Basin (22–30°S paleolatitude). For the full carbon-isotopic dataset (n = 309), δ13Cp ranges from −20.3‰ to −30.5‰ with a mean of −25.5‰, similar to values for modern C3 land plants. In addition to a secular trend, δ13Cp exhibits both intra- and intergeneric variation. Intrageneric variation is expressed as a small (mean 0.45‰) 13C-enrichment of leaves and spines relative to stems that may reflect differential compound-specific compositions. Intergeneric variation is expressed as a much larger (to ~5‰) spread in the mean δ13Cp values of coeval plant genera that was probably controlled by taxon-specific habitat preferences and local environmental humidity. Among Early Devonian taxa, Sawdonia yielded the most 13C-depleted values (−27.1 ± 1.7‰), reflecting lower water-use efficiency that was probably related to growth in wetter habitats, and Leclercqia, Haskinsia, and Psilophyton yielded the most 13C-enriched values (−23.0 ± 1.6‰, −22.3 ± 1.3‰, and −24.8 ± 1.6‰, respectively), reflecting higher water-use efficiency probably related to growth in drier habitats. •First detailed analysis of δ13C variation among Devonian and Early Carboniferous land plants (309 analyses of 190 specimens)•Analyzed taxa: Archaeopteris, Drepanophycus, Haskinsia, Leclercqia, Pertica, Psilophyton, Rhacophyton, Sawdonia, Wattieza•Sawdonia yields the lowest δ13C values, reflecting low water-use efficiency related to growth in wetter habitats.•Leclercqia, Haskinsia, and Psilophyton yield the highest δ13C values, reflecting high water-use efficiency in drier habitats.•C-isotopic analyses of well-preserved fossil plants can yield insights into habitat preferences in paleofloral communities.
AbstractList Systematic analysis of the stable carbon isotopic composition of fossil land plants (δ13Cp) has the potential to offer new insights regarding paleoclimate variation and plant-environment interactions in early terrestrial ecosystems. δ13Cp was measured for 190 fossil plant specimens belonging to 10 genera of Early to Late Devonian age (Archaeopteris, Drepanophycus, Haskinsia, Leclercqia, Pertica, Psilophyton, Rhacophyton, Sawdonia, Tetraxylopteris, and Wattieza) and 2 genera of Early Carboniferous age (Genselia and Rhodeopteridium) collected from sites located mainly in the Appalachian Basin (22–30°S paleolatitude). For the full carbon-isotopic dataset (n = 309), δ13Cp ranges from −20.3‰ to −30.5‰ with a mean of −25.5‰, similar to values for modern C3 land plants. In addition to a secular trend, δ13Cp exhibits both intra- and intergeneric variation. Intrageneric variation is expressed as a small (mean 0.45‰) 13C-enrichment of leaves and spines relative to stems that may reflect differential compound-specific compositions. Intergeneric variation is expressed as a much larger (to ~5‰) spread in the mean δ13Cp values of coeval plant genera that was probably controlled by taxon-specific habitat preferences and local environmental humidity. Among Early Devonian taxa, Sawdonia yielded the most 13C-depleted values (−27.1 ± 1.7‰), reflecting lower water-use efficiency that was probably related to growth in wetter habitats, and Leclercqia, Haskinsia, and Psilophyton yielded the most 13C-enriched values (−23.0 ± 1.6‰, −22.3 ± 1.3‰, and −24.8 ± 1.6‰, respectively), reflecting higher water-use efficiency probably related to growth in drier habitats. •First detailed analysis of δ13C variation among Devonian and Early Carboniferous land plants (309 analyses of 190 specimens)•Analyzed taxa: Archaeopteris, Drepanophycus, Haskinsia, Leclercqia, Pertica, Psilophyton, Rhacophyton, Sawdonia, Wattieza•Sawdonia yields the lowest δ13C values, reflecting low water-use efficiency related to growth in wetter habitats.•Leclercqia, Haskinsia, and Psilophyton yield the highest δ13C values, reflecting high water-use efficiency in drier habitats.•C-isotopic analyses of well-preserved fossil plants can yield insights into habitat preferences in paleofloral communities.
ArticleNumber 109100
Author Wan, Zhenzhu
Cressler, Walter L.
Xu, Honghe
Rowe, Harold D.
Sauer, Peter E.
Berry, Christopher M.
Gensel, Patricia G.
Scheckler, Stephen E.
Algeo, Thomas J.
Stein, William E.
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  surname: Wan
  fullname: Wan, Zhenzhu
  organization: Department of Geology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0013, USA
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  givenname: Thomas J.
  surname: Algeo
  fullname: Algeo, Thomas J.
  email: thomas.algeo@uc.edu
  organization: Department of Geology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0013, USA
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  givenname: Patricia G.
  surname: Gensel
  fullname: Gensel, Patricia G.
  organization: Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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  givenname: Stephen E.
  surname: Scheckler
  fullname: Scheckler, Stephen E.
  organization: Dept. of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0406, USA
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  surname: Stein
  fullname: Stein, William E.
  organization: Department of Biological Sciences, SUNY Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13901, USA
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  organization: Francis Harvey Green Library, West Chester University, West Chester, PA 19383, USA
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  organization: Department of Earth Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3YE, Wales, UK
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  givenname: Honghe
  surname: Xu
  fullname: Xu, Honghe
  organization: State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Nanjing 210008, China
– sequence: 9
  givenname: Harold D.
  surname: Rowe
  fullname: Rowe, Harold D.
  organization: Bureau of Economic Geology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78713-8924, USA
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  givenname: Peter E.
  surname: Sauer
  fullname: Sauer, Peter E.
  organization: Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405-2208, USA
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Keywords Archaeopteris
Drepanophycus
Sawdonia
Early plants
Water-use efficiency
Canopy effect
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Snippet Systematic analysis of the stable carbon isotopic composition of fossil land plants (δ13Cp) has the potential to offer new insights regarding paleoclimate...
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SubjectTerms Archaeopteris
Canopy effect
Drepanophycus
Early plants
Sawdonia
Water-use efficiency
Title Environmental influences on the stable carbon isotopic composition of Devonian and Early Carboniferous land plants
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2019.02.025
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