Lunar simulant behaviour variability and implications on terrestrial based lunar testing

• Published in: Icarus (New York, N.Y. 1962) Vol. 422; p. 116257
• Main Authors: Zanon, Philipp, Dunn, Michelle, Brooks, Geoffrey
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier Inc 01.11.2024
• Subjects: Chemical reactivity; Dust mineralogy characterisation; Electrostatic lofting; Lunar dust; Lunar dust mitigation testing; Regolith dynamics; Lunar dust; Lunar dust mitigation testing; Dust mineralogy characterisation; Electrostatic lofting; Chemical reactivity; Regolith dynamics
• DOI: 10.1016/j.icarus.2024.116257
• ISSN: 0019-1035

The detrimental effects and challenges of Lunar dust for Lunar exploitation were first identified during the Apollo missions. During the extra vehicle activities (EVAs) undertaken by astronauts, the dust clogged mechanisms, disrupted sensors, and caused several health issues for the astronauts. Despite numerous studies, there is no definite understanding as to why different Apollo missions experienced varying levels of dust disruptions. The variations in dust behaviour could be attributed to the amount of radiation the Lunar soil is exposed to, as well as mineralogy and particle sizes. To enhance our understanding of Lunar dust behaviour this study investigated Space Recourse Technologies, formally known as Exolith, simulant at different mineral compositions, and their surface detachment characteristics were measured. Experiments measuring the individual minerals and their mixed simulant-like counterparts were conducted using electrostatic fields. Inclusive to this, non-dried and dried samples were compared by measuring adhesion to target plates when subject to electrostatic forces. The results found that Highlands simulant exhibited a higher buildup on a target plate than its Mare counterpart by an average of 33% under the same conditions, likely due to particle size differences. In addition to these findings, evidence of particle reactivity decay was observed under repeated tests with up to 60% less Mare simulant and 36% Highlands deposition being measured compared to the first set of experiments. A possible explanation may be particle reactivity. Microscope images identified that particles are transported in groups as opposed to individual grains. These results will help researchers in tailoring dust mitigation solutions based on different regions on the Lunar surface and influence mission planning from the perspective of dust mitigation and contamination. •A novel method for quantitative measurements of simulant and particle buildup on surfaces using thresholding.•Highlands simulants exhibit more lofting potential than its Mare counterpart correlated towards their particle size distribution.•Moisture reduction within simulants increases lofting potential.•Lunar simulants lose their natural electrostatic working capacity over repeated use.•Particles were found to transport in clusters as opposed to individual grains when subject to an electrostatic field.