Coating Fe3O4 Magnetic Nanoparticles with Humic Acid for High Efficient Removal of Heavy Metals in Water

• Published in: Environmental science & technology Vol. 42; no. 18; pp. 6949 - 6954
• Main Authors: Liu, Jing-fu, Zhao, Zong-shan, Jiang, Gui-bin
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Washington, DC American Chemical Society 15.09.2008
• Subjects: Adsorption; Applied sciences; Carbon; Environmental Restoration and Remediation; Exact sciences and technology; Ferric Compounds - chemistry; Humic Substances; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Magnetics; Metals, Heavy - isolation & purification; Nanoparticles - chemistry; Nanoparticles - ultrastructure; Pollution; Remediation and Control Technologies; Solutions; Spectrophotometry, Infrared; Water - chemistry; Organic matter; Nanoparticle; Adsorption capacity; Hydrodynamics; Ultrafine particle; Tap water; Modeling; Heavy metal; Transport process; Sorption; Transmission electron microscopy; Adsorption; Magnetic separation; Aerosols; Lead; Lixiviation; Air pollution; Magnetic field; Coprecipitation
• DOI: 10.1021/es800924c
• ISSN: 0013-936X

Humic acid (HA) coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles (Fe3O4/HA) were developed for the removal of toxic Hg(II), Pb(II), Cd(II), and Cu(II) from water. Fe3O4/HA were prepared by a coprecipitation procedure with cheap and environmentally friendly iron salts and HA. TOC and XPS analysis showed the as-prepared Fe3O4/HA contains ∼11% (w/w) of HA which are fractions abundant in O and N-based functional groups. TEM images and laser particle size analysis revealed the Fe3O4/HA (with ∼10 nm Fe3O4 cores) aggregated in aqueous suspensions to form aggregates with an average hydrodynamic size of ∼140 nm. With a saturation magnetization of 79.6 emu/g, the Fe3O4/HA can be simply recovered from water with magnetic separations at low magnetic field gradients within a few minutes. Sorption of the heavy metals to Fe3O4/HA reached equilibrium in less than 15 min, and agreed well to the Langmuir adsorption model with maximum adsorption capacities from 46.3 to 97.7 mg/g. The Fe3O4/HA was stable in tap water, natural waters, and acidic/basic solutions ranging from 0.1 M HCl to 2 M NaOH with low leaching of Fe (≤3.7%) and HA (≤5.3%). The Fe3O4/HA was able to remove over 99% of Hg(II) and Pb(II) and over 95% of Cu(II) and Cd(II) in natural and tap water at optimized pH. Leaching back of the Fe3O4/HA sorbed heavy metals in water was found to be negligible.