The Himalayan Collisional Orogeny: A Metamorphic Perspective
This paper introduces how crustal thickening controls the growth of the Himalaya by summarizing the P‐T‐t evolution of the Himalayan metamorphic core. The Himalayan orogeny was divided into three stages. Stage 60–40 Ma: The Himalayan crust thickened to ∼40 km through Barrovian‐type metamorphism (15–...
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| Published in | Acta geologica Sinica (Beijing) Vol. 96; no. 6; pp. 1842 - 1866 |
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| Main Authors | , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
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01.12.2022
Department of Mines and Geology of Nepal,Kathrnandu 44600,Nepal%State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution,Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution,Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China%School of Earth and Space Sciences,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China%State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution,Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China College of Earth Sciences,Chengdu University of Technology,Chengdu 610059,China |
| Edition | English ed. |
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| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 1000-9515 1755-6724 |
| DOI | 10.1111/1755-6724.15022 |
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| Abstract | This paper introduces how crustal thickening controls the growth of the Himalaya by summarizing the P‐T‐t evolution of the Himalayan metamorphic core. The Himalayan orogeny was divided into three stages. Stage 60–40 Ma: The Himalayan crust thickened to ∼40 km through Barrovian‐type metamorphism (15–25 °C/km), and the Himalaya rose from <0 to ∼1000 m. Stage 40–16 Ma: The crust gradually thickened to 60–70 km, resulting in abundant high‐grade metamorphism and anatexis (peak‐P, 15–25 °C/km; peak‐T, >30 °C/km). The three sub‐sheets in the Himalayan metamorphic core extruded southward sequentially through imbricate thrusts of the Eo‐Himalayan thrust, High Himalayan thrust, and Main Central thrust, and the Himalaya rose to ≥5,000 m. Stage 16–0 Ma: the mountain roots underwent localized delamination, causing asthenospheric upwelling and overprinting of the lower crust by ultra‐high‐temperature metamorphism (30–50 °C/km), and the Himalaya reached the present elevation of ∼6,000 m. Underplating and imbricate thrusting dominated the Himalaya' growth and topographic rise, conforming to the critical taper wedge model. Localized delamination of mountain roots facilitated further topographic rise. Future Himalayan metamorphic studies should focus on extreme metamorphism and major collisional events, contact metamorphism and rare metal mineralization, metamorphic decarbonation and the carbon cycle in collisional belts. |
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| AbstractList | This paper introduces how crustal thickening controls the growth of the Himalaya by summarizing the P‐T‐t evolution of the Himalayan metamorphic core. The Himalayan orogeny was divided into three stages. Stage 60–40 Ma: The Himalayan crust thickened to ∼40 km through Barrovian‐type metamorphism (15–25 °C/km), and the Himalaya rose from <0 to ∼1000 m. Stage 40–16 Ma: The crust gradually thickened to 60–70 km, resulting in abundant high‐grade metamorphism and anatexis (peak‐P, 15–25 °C/km; peak‐T, >30 °C/km). The three sub‐sheets in the Himalayan metamorphic core extruded southward sequentially through imbricate thrusts of the Eo‐Himalayan thrust, High Himalayan thrust, and Main Central thrust, and the Himalaya rose to ≥5,000 m. Stage 16–0 Ma: the mountain roots underwent localized delamination, causing asthenospheric upwelling and overprinting of the lower crust by ultra‐high‐temperature metamorphism (30–50 °C/km), and the Himalaya reached the present elevation of ∼6,000 m. Underplating and imbricate thrusting dominated the Himalaya' growth and topographic rise, conforming to the critical taper wedge model. Localized delamination of mountain roots facilitated further topographic rise. Future Himalayan metamorphic studies should focus on extreme metamorphism and major collisional events, contact metamorphism and rare metal mineralization, metamorphic decarbonation and the carbon cycle in collisional belts. This paper introduces how crustal thickening controls the growth of the Himalaya by summarizing the P-T-t evolution of the Himalayan metamorphic core.The Himalayan orogeny was divided into three stages.Stage 60-40 Ma:The Himalayan crust thickened to～40 km through Barrovian-type metamorphism(15-25℃/km),and the Himalaya rose from＜0 to～1000 m.Stage 40-16 Ma:The crust gradually thickened to 60-70 km,resulting in abundant high-grade metamorphism and anatexis(peak-P,15-25℃/km;peak-T,＞30℃/km).The three sub-sheets in the Himalayan metamorphic core extruded southward sequentially through imbricate thrusts of the Eo-Himalayan thrust,High Himalayan thrust,and Main Central thrust,and the Himalaya rose to≥5,000 m.Stage 16-0 Ma:the mountain roots underwent localized delamination,causing asthenospheric upwelling and overprinting of the lower crust by ultra-high-temperature metamorphism(30-50℃/km),and the Himalaya reached the present elevation of～6,000 m.Underplating and imbricate thrusting dominated the Himalaya'growth and topographic rise,conforming to the critical taper wedge model.Localized delamination of mountain roots facilitated further topographic rise.Future Himalayan metamorphic studies should focus on extreme metamorphism and major collisional events,contact metamorphism and rare metal mineralization,metamorphic decarbonation and the carbon cycle in collisional belts. This paper introduces how crustal thickening controls the growth of the Himalaya by summarizing the P‐T‐t evolution of the Himalayan metamorphic core. The Himalayan orogeny was divided into three stages. Stage 60–40 Ma: The Himalayan crust thickened to ∼40 km through Barrovian‐type metamorphism (15–25 °C/km), and the Himalaya rose from <0 to ∼1000 m. Stage 40–16 Ma: The crust gradually thickened to 60–70 km, resulting in abundant high‐grade metamorphism and anatexis (peak‐ P , 15–25 °C/km; peak‐ T , >30 °C/km). The three sub‐sheets in the Himalayan metamorphic core extruded southward sequentially through imbricate thrusts of the Eo‐Himalayan thrust, High Himalayan thrust, and Main Central thrust, and the Himalaya rose to ≥5,000 m. Stage 16–0 Ma: the mountain roots underwent localized delamination, causing asthenospheric upwelling and overprinting of the lower crust by ultra‐high‐temperature metamorphism (30–50 °C/km), and the Himalaya reached the present elevation of ∼6,000 m. Underplating and imbricate thrusting dominated the Himalaya' growth and topographic rise, conforming to the critical taper wedge model. Localized delamination of mountain roots facilitated further topographic rise. Future Himalayan metamorphic studies should focus on extreme metamorphism and major collisional events, contact metamorphism and rare metal mineralization, metamorphic decarbonation and the carbon cycle in collisional belts. |
| Author | ZHANG, Jinjiang KHANAL, Gautam YANG, Lei WU, Fuyuan WANG, Jiamin |
| AuthorAffiliation | State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution,Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China%School of Earth and Space Sciences,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China%State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution,Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China;Department of Mines and Geology of Nepal,Kathrnandu 44600,Nepal%State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution,Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China;College of Earth Sciences,Chengdu University of Technology,Chengdu 610059,China |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution,Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China%School of Earth and Space Sciences,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China%State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution,Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China;Department of Mines and Geology of Nepal,Kathrnandu 44600,Nepal%State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution,Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China;College of Earth Sciences,Chengdu University of Technology,Chengdu 610059,China |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Jiamin surname: WANG fullname: WANG, Jiamin email: wangjiamin@mail.iggcas.ac.cn organization: Chinese Academy of Sciences – sequence: 2 givenname: Fuyuan surname: WU fullname: WU, Fuyuan organization: Chinese Academy of Sciences – sequence: 3 givenname: Jinjiang surname: ZHANG fullname: ZHANG, Jinjiang organization: Peking University – sequence: 4 givenname: Gautam surname: KHANAL fullname: KHANAL, Gautam organization: Chinese Academy of Sciences – sequence: 5 givenname: Lei surname: YANG fullname: YANG, Lei organization: Chengdu University of Technology |
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| Keywords | P-T-t path mountain uplift critical taper wedge and channel flow crustal thickening continental collision Himalaya |
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| Notes | wangjiamin@mail.iggcas.ac.cn WANG Jiamin, male, born in 1987 in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province; Ph.D.; graduated from Peking University; associate professor in the Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. He mainly engages in metamorphic petrology and structural geology, primarily on the Himalayan collisional orogeny. E‐mail . About the first and corresponding author ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 |
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| PublicationTitle_FL | Acta Geologica Sinica（English Edition） |
| PublicationYear | 2022 |
| Publisher | Wiley Subscription Services, Inc Department of Mines and Geology of Nepal,Kathrnandu 44600,Nepal%State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution,Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution,Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China%School of Earth and Space Sciences,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China%State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution,Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China College of Earth Sciences,Chengdu University of Technology,Chengdu 610059,China |
| Publisher_xml | – name: Wiley Subscription Services, Inc – name: College of Earth Sciences,Chengdu University of Technology,Chengdu 610059,China – name: Department of Mines and Geology of Nepal,Kathrnandu 44600,Nepal%State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution,Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China – name: State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution,Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China%School of Earth and Space Sciences,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China%State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution,Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China |
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| Snippet | This paper introduces how crustal thickening controls the growth of the Himalaya by summarizing the P‐T‐t evolution of the Himalayan metamorphic core. The... This paper introduces how crustal thickening controls the growth of the Himalaya by summarizing the P‐T‐t evolution of the Himalayan metamorphic core. The... This paper introduces how crustal thickening controls the growth of the Himalaya by summarizing the P-T-t evolution of the Himalayan metamorphic core.The... |
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| SubjectTerms | Asthenosphere Carbon cycle continental collision critical taper wedge and channel flow crustal thickening Decarbonation Delamination Himalaya Isotopes Metals Metamorphism Mineralization mountain uplift Mountains Ocean circulation Orogeny P‐T‐t path Roots Topography Upwelling |
| Title | The Himalayan Collisional Orogeny: A Metamorphic Perspective |
| URI | https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111%2F1755-6724.15022 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2773703353 https://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/periodical/dzxb-e202206004 |
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