Soft Ultraviolet (UV) Photopatterning and Metallization of Self-Assembled Monolayers (SAMs) Formed from the Lipoic Acid Ester of α‑Hydroxy-1-acetylpyrene: The Generality of Acid-Catalyzed Removal of Thiol-on-Gold SAMs using Soft UV Light

Under a layer of 0.1 M HCl in isopropanol, soft ultraviolet (UV) (365 nm) photolysis of the thiol-on-gold self-assembled monolayer (SAM) derived from the lipoic acid ester of α-hydroxy-1-acetylpyrene results in the expected removal of the acetylpyrene protecting group. When photolyzing through a mas...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published inACS applied materials & interfaces Vol. 9; no. 21; pp. 18388 - 18397
Main Authors Pukenas, Laurynas, Prompinit, Panida, Nishitha, Boda, Tate, Daniel J, Singh, N. D. Pradeep, Wälti, Christoph, Evans, Stephen D, Bushby, Richard J
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States American Chemical Society 31.05.2017
Subjects
Online AccessGet full text

Cover

Loading…
Abstract Under a layer of 0.1 M HCl in isopropanol, soft ultraviolet (UV) (365 nm) photolysis of the thiol-on-gold self-assembled monolayer (SAM) derived from the lipoic acid ester of α-hydroxy-1-acetylpyrene results in the expected removal of the acetylpyrene protecting group. When photolyzing through a mask, this can be used to produce a patterned surface and, at a controlled electrochemical potential, it is then possible to selectively and reversibly electrodeposit copper on the photolyzed regions. Rather surprisingly, under these photolysis conditions, there is not only the expected photodeprotection of the ester but also partial removal of the lipoic acid layer which has been formed. In further studies, it is shown that this type of acid-catalyzed photoremoval of SAM layers by soft UV is a rather general phenomenon and results in the partial removal of the thiol-on-gold SAM layers derived from other ω-thiolated carboxylic acids. However, this phenomenon is chain-length dependent. Under conditions in which there is a ∼60% reduction in the thickness of the SAM derived from dithiobutyric acid, the SAM derived from mercaptoundecanoic acid is almost unaffected. The process by which the shorter-chain SAM layers are partially removed is not fully understood because these compounds do not absorb significantly in the 365 nm region of the spectrum! Significantly, this study shows that acid catalysis photolysis of thiol-on-gold SAMs needs to be used with caution.
AbstractList Under a layer of 0.1 M HCl in isopropanol, soft ultraviolet (UV) (365 nm) photolysis of the thiol-on-gold self-assembled monolayer (SAM) derived from the lipoic acid ester of α-hydroxy-1-acetylpyrene results in the expected removal of the acetylpyrene protecting group. When photolyzing through a mask, this can be used to produce a patterned surface and, at a controlled electrochemical potential, it is then possible to selectively and reversibly electrodeposit copper on the photolyzed regions. Rather surprisingly, under these photolysis conditions, there is not only the expected photodeprotection of the ester but also partial removal of the lipoic acid layer which has been formed. In further studies, it is shown that this type of acid-catalyzed photoremoval of SAM layers by soft UV is a rather general phenomenon and results in the partial removal of the thiol-on-gold SAM layers derived from other ω-thiolated carboxylic acids. However, this phenomenon is chain-length dependent. Under conditions in which there is a ∼60% reduction in the thickness of the SAM derived from dithiobutyric acid, the SAM derived from mercaptoundecanoic acid is almost unaffected. The process by which the shorter-chain SAM layers are partially removed is not fully understood because these compounds do not absorb significantly in the 365 nm region of the spectrum! Significantly, this study shows that acid catalysis photolysis of thiol-on-gold SAMs needs to be used with caution.
Author Tate, Daniel J
Nishitha, Boda
Prompinit, Panida
Wälti, Christoph
Pukenas, Laurynas
Evans, Stephen D
Singh, N. D. Pradeep
Bushby, Richard J
AuthorAffiliation Molecular and Nanoscale Physics
National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC)
Department of Chemistry
University of Leeds
School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering
School of Physics and Astronomy
Institute of Microwaves and Photonics
National Science and Technology Development Agency
School of Chemistry
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: Department of Chemistry
– name: School of Physics and Astronomy
– name: University of Leeds
– name: Molecular and Nanoscale Physics
– name: National Science and Technology Development Agency
– name: National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC)
– name: Institute of Microwaves and Photonics
– name: School of Chemistry
– name: School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Laurynas
  orcidid: 0000-0002-6079-0759
  surname: Pukenas
  fullname: Pukenas, Laurynas
  organization: School of Physics and Astronomy
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Panida
  surname: Prompinit
  fullname: Prompinit, Panida
  organization: National Science and Technology Development Agency
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Boda
  surname: Nishitha
  fullname: Nishitha, Boda
  organization: Department of Chemistry
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Daniel J
  surname: Tate
  fullname: Tate, Daniel J
  organization: University of Leeds
– sequence: 5
  givenname: N. D. Pradeep
  orcidid: 0000-0001-6806-9774
  surname: Singh
  fullname: Singh, N. D. Pradeep
  organization: Department of Chemistry
– sequence: 6
  givenname: Christoph
  surname: Wälti
  fullname: Wälti, Christoph
  organization: University of Leeds
– sequence: 7
  givenname: Stephen D
  surname: Evans
  fullname: Evans, Stephen D
  organization: School of Physics and Astronomy
– sequence: 8
  givenname: Richard J
  orcidid: 0000-0002-1627-6058
  surname: Bushby
  fullname: Bushby, Richard J
  email: r.j.bushby@leeds.ac.uk
  organization: University of Leeds
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28485941$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
BookMark eNp1UUtu2zAUFIoUzafddllw6RSQS_2p7gwjcQo4aFHb2QpP1FPMgCIVkg6qrHKFHKUX6SF6gh6hFOxm1xUf8GaGM29OgyOlFQbB-4hOIxpHn4Bb6MS0qGlaUPYqOInKNA1ZnMVHL3OaHgen1t5Rmicxzd4ExzFLWVam0UnwZ6VbRzbSGXgQWqIjk83NOfm21U734BwaJdQtAdWQa3QgpXgEJ7QiuiUrlG04sxa7WqLfa6UlDGgsmaxm1_acXGrT-UVrdEfcFslS9FpwMuOiIRfWa48qv37-fnq-GhqjfwxhFAJHN8h-MKjwM1l71sJPBqRwwwgfyeEcvJXh0Wt_x04_gBw3660PEGoVLrRsyOiA7Oxofh_xxn9_u3Vvg9ctSIvvDu9ZsLm8WM-vwuXXxZf5bBlCUlAXtnWMLC9q1jCOvE4ZFpRnEbQIZdakKaN5nZesjaCIaYM1lIBJniNyDsjzIjkLJnvd3uj7HVpXdcJylBIU6p2topJSlpRxVnrodA_lRltrsK16IzowQxXRamy52rdcHVr2hA8H7V3tD_wC_1erB3zcAzyxutM7o3zU_6n9BTHUufU
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_1021_acsami_2c20568
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_apsusc_2018_08_235
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_mtcomm_2020_101698
crossref_primary_10_1002_adfm_202104164
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cclet_2018_12_008
crossref_primary_10_1021_acs_chemrev_0c00663
crossref_primary_10_1021_acs_chemrev_3c00705
Cites_doi 10.1143/JJAP.46.L1126
10.1021/nn200276a
10.1080/15421400590954470
10.1021/jp907950c
10.1016/j.tet.2010.10.090
10.1080/17458080701675780
10.1016/j.tsf.2013.05.164
10.1021/ja00183a049
10.1021/la049868j
10.1021/la400192c
10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b01118
10.1021/la802052u
10.1021/jp4019102
10.1016/j.aca.2006.04.085
10.1002/anie.201107919
10.1039/c2cc35773a
10.1021/ja110572j
10.1021/cr300177k
10.1021/la046851s
10.1016/S0927-7757(01)01002-0
10.1021/la302880v
10.1080/00222340701582258
10.1021/jp0630370
10.1016/j.saa.2009.09.010
10.1016/S1452-3981(23)18275-7
10.1021/la00035a072
10.1016/j.vibspec.2008.06.004
10.1039/c4tc00464g
10.1021/ac020269w
10.1039/c3cc39081k
10.1002/adfm.201000939
10.1039/c3py01570j
10.1002/adma.201104277
10.1021/ja01646a029
10.1021/la0513555
10.1002/pola.24325
10.1002/smll.201201765
10.1143/JJAP.27.L935
10.1021/la303746e
10.1021/jo01262a072
10.1021/jp810337s
10.1021/am2009597
10.1021/la991167c
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright Copyright © 2017 American Chemical Society
Copyright_xml – notice: Copyright © 2017 American Chemical Society
DBID NPM
AAYXX
CITATION
7X8
DOI 10.1021/acsami.7b04708
DatabaseName PubMed
CrossRef
MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitle PubMed
CrossRef
MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitleList MEDLINE - Academic

PubMed
Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: NPM
  name: PubMed
  url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed
  sourceTypes: Index Database
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Engineering
EISSN 1944-8252
EndPage 18397
ExternalDocumentID 10_1021_acsami_7b04708
28485941
b808514271
Genre Journal Article
GroupedDBID -
23M
53G
55A
5GY
7~N
AABXI
ABMVS
ABUCX
ACGFS
ACS
AEESW
AENEX
AFEFF
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
AQSVZ
EBS
ED
ED~
EJD
F5P
GNL
IH9
JG
JG~
P2P
RNS
ROL
UI2
VF5
VG9
W1F
XKZ
---
.K2
4.4
5VS
5ZA
6J9
AAHBH
ABJNI
ABQRX
ADHLV
AHGAQ
BAANH
CUPRZ
GGK
NPM
AAYXX
CITATION
7X8
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-a370t-fb2e867b8d8cecb48e70c51afea95d44806b698f1a720deba9ae366eeccaec673
IEDL.DBID ACS
ISSN 1944-8244
IngestDate Thu Aug 15 22:22:43 EDT 2024
Fri Dec 06 01:24:42 EST 2024
Sat Sep 28 08:45:55 EDT 2024
Thu Aug 27 13:42:05 EDT 2020
IsDoiOpenAccess false
IsOpenAccess true
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 21
Keywords photochemical deprotection
electrochemical metallization
lipoic acid
soft UV photolithography
self-assembled monolayers
1-acetylpyrene
Language English
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-a370t-fb2e867b8d8cecb48e70c51afea95d44806b698f1a720deba9ae366eeccaec673
Notes ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 23
ORCID 0000-0002-6079-0759
0000-0002-1627-6058
0000-0001-6806-9774
OpenAccessLink http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/116216/1/NB1authoracceptedmanuscript.pdf
PMID 28485941
PQID 1900839259
PQPubID 23479
PageCount 10
ParticipantIDs proquest_miscellaneous_1900839259
crossref_primary_10_1021_acsami_7b04708
pubmed_primary_28485941
acs_journals_10_1021_acsami_7b04708
ProviderPackageCode JG~
55A
AABXI
GNL
VF5
XKZ
7~N
VG9
W1F
ACS
AEESW
AFEFF
ABMVS
ABUCX
IH9
AQSVZ
ED~
UI2
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 20170531
2017-May-31
2017-05-31
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2017-05-31
PublicationDate_xml – month: 05
  year: 2017
  text: 20170531
  day: 31
PublicationDecade 2010
PublicationPlace United States
PublicationPlace_xml – name: United States
PublicationTitle ACS applied materials & interfaces
PublicationTitleAlternate ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces
PublicationYear 2017
Publisher American Chemical Society
Publisher_xml – name: American Chemical Society
References ref9/cit9
ref6/cit6
ref36/cit36
ref3/cit3
ref27/cit27
ref18/cit18
ref11/cit11
ref25/cit25
Krishnan C. V. (ref29/cit29) 2011; 6
ref16/cit16
Beamson G. (ref37/cit37) 1992
ref32/cit32
ref23/cit23
ref39/cit39
ref14/cit14
ref8/cit8
ref5/cit5
ref31/cit31
ref2/cit2
ref43/cit43
ref28/cit28
ref40/cit40
ref20/cit20
ref17/cit17
ref10/cit10
ref26/cit26
ref35/cit35
ref19/cit19
ref21/cit21
Nakanishi K. (ref45/cit45) 1962
ref12/cit12
ref15/cit15
ref42/cit42
ref46/cit46
ref41/cit41
ref22/cit22
ref13/cit13
ref4/cit4
ref30/cit30
ref47/cit47
ref1/cit1
ref24/cit24
ref38/cit38
ref44/cit44
ref7/cit7
References_xml – ident: ref42/cit42
  doi: 10.1143/JJAP.46.L1126
– ident: ref32/cit32
  doi: 10.1021/nn200276a
– ident: ref39/cit39
  doi: 10.1080/15421400590954470
– ident: ref8/cit8
  doi: 10.1021/jp907950c
– ident: ref20/cit20
  doi: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.10.090
– ident: ref16/cit16
  doi: 10.1080/17458080701675780
– ident: ref12/cit12
  doi: 10.1016/j.tsf.2013.05.164
– ident: ref36/cit36
  doi: 10.1021/ja00183a049
– ident: ref31/cit31
  doi: 10.1021/la049868j
– ident: ref1/cit1
  doi: 10.1021/la400192c
– ident: ref22/cit22
  doi: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b01118
– ident: ref17/cit17
  doi: 10.1021/la802052u
– ident: ref23/cit23
  doi: 10.1021/jp4019102
– ident: ref13/cit13
  doi: 10.1016/j.aca.2006.04.085
– volume-title: High Resolution XPS of Organic Polymers The Scienta ESCA300 Database
  year: 1992
  ident: ref37/cit37
  contributor:
    fullname: Beamson G.
– ident: ref3/cit3
  doi: 10.1002/anie.201107919
– ident: ref26/cit26
  doi: 10.1039/c2cc35773a
– ident: ref18/cit18
  doi: 10.1021/ja110572j
– ident: ref21/cit21
  doi: 10.1021/cr300177k
– ident: ref6/cit6
  doi: 10.1021/la046851s
– ident: ref5/cit5
  doi: 10.1016/S0927-7757(01)01002-0
– ident: ref9/cit9
  doi: 10.1021/la302880v
– ident: ref43/cit43
  doi: 10.1080/00222340701582258
– ident: ref35/cit35
  doi: 10.1021/jp0630370
– ident: ref44/cit44
  doi: 10.1016/j.saa.2009.09.010
– volume: 6
  start-page: 3607
  year: 2011
  ident: ref29/cit29
  publication-title: Int. J. Electrochem. Sci.
  doi: 10.1016/S1452-3981(23)18275-7
  contributor:
    fullname: Krishnan C. V.
– ident: ref41/cit41
  doi: 10.1021/la00035a072
– ident: ref47/cit47
  doi: 10.1016/j.vibspec.2008.06.004
– ident: ref2/cit2
  doi: 10.1039/c4tc00464g
– ident: ref7/cit7
  doi: 10.1021/ac020269w
– ident: ref15/cit15
  doi: 10.1039/c3cc39081k
– ident: ref19/cit19
  doi: 10.1002/adfm.201000939
– ident: ref25/cit25
  doi: 10.1039/c3py01570j
– ident: ref14/cit14
  doi: 10.1002/adma.201104277
– ident: ref27/cit27
  doi: 10.1021/ja01646a029
– volume-title: Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy, Practical
  year: 1962
  ident: ref45/cit45
  contributor:
    fullname: Nakanishi K.
– ident: ref30/cit30
  doi: 10.1021/la0513555
– ident: ref24/cit24
  doi: 10.1002/pola.24325
– ident: ref4/cit4
  doi: 10.1002/smll.201201765
– ident: ref46/cit46
  doi: 10.1143/JJAP.27.L935
– ident: ref10/cit10
  doi: 10.1021/la303746e
– ident: ref28/cit28
  doi: 10.1021/jo01262a072
– ident: ref40/cit40
  doi: 10.1021/jp810337s
– ident: ref11/cit11
  doi: 10.1021/am2009597
– ident: ref38/cit38
  doi: 10.1021/la991167c
SSID ssj0063205
Score 2.2938666
Snippet Under a layer of 0.1 M HCl in isopropanol, soft ultraviolet (UV) (365 nm) photolysis of the thiol-on-gold self-assembled monolayer (SAM) derived from the...
SourceID proquest
crossref
pubmed
acs
SourceType Aggregation Database
Index Database
Publisher
StartPage 18388
Title Soft Ultraviolet (UV) Photopatterning and Metallization of Self-Assembled Monolayers (SAMs) Formed from the Lipoic Acid Ester of α‑Hydroxy-1-acetylpyrene: The Generality of Acid-Catalyzed Removal of Thiol-on-Gold SAMs using Soft UV Light
URI http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsami.7b04708
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28485941
https://search.proquest.com/docview/1900839259
Volume 9
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
link http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwjV3LbtQwFLVQ2cCC92NaQEYg0S5ckowTO-xGow4jxCDEdKruIj87I9Jk1GQW0xW_wKfwI3wEX8AncG-S4VVVsLZzY8vXvuf42seEPI9DLQPPEyaU44x7HTLZ15wJE3rVF6GPmjcjJ--S8Yy_OY6Pf-13_J3Bj8KXylT4FI7QARd4q_dqJIB7IwgaTjdrbtKPmsOKwMg5kxCxNvKMF77HIGSqP4PQJciyiTCjm63cUdUIE-LBko_7q1rvm_OLso3_bPwtcqODmXTQ-sVtcsUVd8j138QH75LvU1iB6Syvz1STna_p7uxoj76flzUQabzkg1smVBWWThxA9Ly7sUlLT6cu9wzzxac6d1BeFsCQEbzT3elgUu3REUBhKMDLKxQgJn27WJYLQwdmYekBajOgla9fvn36PF5b7DBwTGVcvc6XaxTZfEXBf2mniQ1EAavjx2yI203rc7D9wZ2WME2w5HAOHWBlwV6XuaXYAorn-U9o28Uj-P3JvL5HZqODw-GYde8_MPCSoGZeR04mQksrjTOaSycCE4fKO5XGFnhlkOgklT5UIgqs0yg03k8Sh17pTCL698lWURbuIaE-tYBLrQeAp7mPrYR4w1MBXFCA8xjRI89gqLJu_lZZk5qPwqwdv6wbvx55sXGbbNmKgVxa8-nGqzKYr5iEUYUrV2A5RdSbAuvskQetu_20BVBBxikPt_-rNTvkWoQYoznK8Ihs1Wcr9xgQUq2fNJPjB93cEGo
link.rule.ids 314,780,784,2765,27076,27924,27925,56738,56788
linkProvider American Chemical Society
linkToHtml http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwlV3dbtMwFLamcQFc8M8ov0YgsV14S1IndrirqpUC7TTRdtpdFDv2WpEl1ZJedFe8Ao_Ci_AQPAGPwDn5GX-aBLdxcmLLn3O-k-PzmZCXvqukY3nARGw441a5THYVZ0K7Nu4K13rVmZHjg2A44--O_eMNstfWwkAnCrBUVEn8n-oC7h5cwxNxhHK4wOLeKz6eV4lcqD9pP71B16v2LEJgzpkEx9WqNP71PPoiXfzuiy4hmJWjGdwkhxddrPaXfNxdlWpXn_-h3vgfY7hFbjSkk_ZqlNwmGya7Q67_IkV4l3yfwPeYztLyLK5y9SXdnh3t0MN5XkJYjSU_-AOFxllCxwYIe9rUb9Lc0olJLcPs8alKDbTnGcTLSOXp9qQ3LnboAIgxNGApCwXCSUeLZb7QtKcXCd1HpQa08vXLt0-fh-sExw0RZ6xNuU6Xa5TcfE0BzbRRyIawAW_Hh1kffz6tz8H2B3Oaw6LBlukcBsDyjL3J04RiDyju7j-h9RCP4PUn8_IemQ32p_0ha06DYIAZp2RWeUYGQslEaqMVl0Y42ndja-LQTyDKdAIVhNK6sfCcxCiUHe8GgUGMGg1guU82szwzDwi1YQIsNbFA9xS3fiLB-_BQQGQoAENadMgLmKqoWc1FVCXqPTeq5y9q5q9DXrXoiZa1NMildz5vwRXB6sWUTJyZfAWWQ-TAIcSgHbJVo-7CFhAH6YfcffhPvXlGrg6n41E0envw_hG55iH7qDY5PCab5dnKPAHuVKqn1Xr5AX2RGNc
linkToPdf http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwlV3bbtNAEF2hIiF44E4J10Ug0T5s8WXtXfMWhYYATVWRpOqb5b01Ea4d1c5D-sQv8Cn8CB_BF_AJzDhOxUWV4DVrT3a1MztnPDNnCXkR-Up6jsdMZJYz7pTPZKg4E9p3WSh8FzR3Rg7348GEvz-Kjto-buyFgUlUIKlqkvho1XPjWoYB_xX8jrfiCOVxgQ2-lyM4arGOq9sbrY_fOAyaukUIzjmT4LzWTI1_vY_-SFe_-6MLQGbjbPo3yPh8mk2NyaedRa129NkfDI7_uY6b5HoLPml3pS23yCVb3CbXfqEkvEN-jOBcppO8Ps2anH1NtyaH2_RgWtYQXmPrD35IoVlh6NACcM_bPk5aOjqyuWOYRT5RuYXxsoC4GSE93Rp1h9U27QNAhgFsaaEAPOnebF7ONO3qmaG7yNiAUr59_f75y2BpcO0QeWba1st8vkTqzdcUtJq2TNkQPuDj-DLr4Ueo5RnI_mhPSjAeHBlPYQGsLNjbMjcUZ0Cxyv-YrpZ4CH9_PK3vkkl_d9wbsPZWCAa649XMqcDKWChppLZacWmFpyM_czZLIgPRpherOJHOz0TgGauQfjyMY4u6anUswntkoygLe59QlxhAq8YB7FPcRUaCF-KJgAhRgB5p0SHPYavS1qqrtEnYB3662r-03b8OebnWoHS-ogi58MlnawVLwYoxNZMVtlyA5ASxcAKxaIdsrjTvXBYACBkl3H_wT7N5Sq4cvOmne-_2PzwkVwMEIU2twyOyUZ8u7GOAULV60pjMT1tuG1o
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Soft+Ultraviolet+%28UV%29+Photopatterning+and+Metallization+of+Self-Assembled+Monolayers+%28SAMs%29+Formed+from+the+Lipoic+Acid+Ester+of+%CE%B1-Hydroxy-1-acetylpyrene%3A+The+Generality+of+Acid-Catalyzed+Removal+of+Thiol-on-Gold+SAMs+using+Soft+UV+Light&rft.jtitle=ACS+applied+materials+%26+interfaces&rft.au=Pukenas%2C+Laurynas&rft.au=Prompinit%2C+Panida&rft.au=Nishitha%2C+Boda&rft.au=Tate%2C+Daniel+J.&rft.date=2017-05-31&rft.issn=1944-8244&rft.eissn=1944-8252&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=21&rft.spage=18388&rft.epage=18397&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Facsami.7b04708&rft.externalDBID=n%2Fa&rft.externalDocID=10_1021_acsami_7b04708
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1944-8244&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1944-8244&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1944-8244&client=summon