Guidelines for Synthesis and Processing of Two-Dimensional Titanium Carbide (Ti3C2T x MXene)

Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides, carbonitrides, and nitrides (MXenes) were discovered in 2011. Since the original discovery, more than 20 different compositions have been synthesized by the selective etching of MAX phase and other precursors and many more theoretically predicted. They...

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Published in	Chemistry of materials Vol. 29; no. 18; pp. 7633 - 7644
Main Authors	Alhabeb, Mohamed, Maleski, Kathleen, Anasori, Babak, Lelyukh, Pavel, Clark, Leah, Sin, Saleesha, Gogotsi, Yury
Format	Journal Article
Language	English
Published	United States American Chemical Society 26.09.2017 American Chemical Society (ACS)
Subjects	INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY MATERIALS SCIENCE
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Abstract	Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides, carbonitrides, and nitrides (MXenes) were discovered in 2011. Since the original discovery, more than 20 different compositions have been synthesized by the selective etching of MAX phase and other precursors and many more theoretically predicted. They offer a variety of different properties, making the family promising candidates in a wide range of applications, such as energy storage, electromagnetic interference shielding, water purification, electrocatalysis, and medicine. These solution-processable materials have the potential to be highly scalable, deposited by spin, spray, or dip coating, painted or printed, or fabricated in a variety of ways. Due to this promise, the amount of research on MXenes has been increasing, and methods of synthesis and processing are expanding quickly. The fast evolution of the material can also be noticed in the wide range of synthesis and processing protocols that determine the yield of delamination, as well as the quality of the 2D flakes produced. Here we describe the experimental methods and best practices we use to synthesize the most studied MXene, titanium carbide (Ti3C2T x ), using different etchants and delamination methods. We also explain effects of synthesis parameters on the size and quality of Ti3C2T x and suggest the optimal processes for the desired application.
AbstractList	Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides, carbonitrides, and nitrides (MXenes) were discovered in 2011. Since the original discovery, more than 20 different compositions have been synthesized by the selective etching of MAX phase and other precursors and many more theoretically predicted. They offer a variety of different properties, making the family promising candidates in a wide range of applications, such as energy storage, electromagnetic interference shielding, water purification, electrocatalysis, and medicine. These solution-processable materials have the potential to be highly scalable, deposited by spin, spray, or dip coating, painted or printed, or fabricated in a variety of ways. Due to this promise, the amount of research on MXenes has been increasing, and methods of synthesis and processing are expanding quickly. The fast evolution of the material can also be noticed in the wide range of synthesis and processing protocols that determine the yield of delamination, as well as the quality of the 2D flakes produced. Here we describe the experimental methods and best practices we use to synthesize the most studied MXene, titanium carbide (Ti3C2T x ), using different etchants and delamination methods. We also explain effects of synthesis parameters on the size and quality of Ti3C2T x and suggest the optimal processes for the desired application. Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides, carbonitrides, and nitrides (MXenes) were discovered in 2011. Since the original discovery, more than 20 different compositions have been synthesized by the selective etching of MAX phase and other precursors and many more theoretically predicted. They offer a variety of different properties, making the family promising candidates in a wide range of applications, such as energy storage, electromagnetic interference shielding, water purification, electrocatalysis, and medicine. These solution-processable materials have the potential to be highly scalable, deposited by spin, spray, or dip coating, painted or printed, or fabricated in a variety of ways. Due to this promise, the amount of research on MXenes has been increasing, and methods of synthesis and processing are expanding quickly. The fast evolution of the material can also be noticed in the wide range of synthesis and processing protocols that determine the yield of delamination, as well as the quality of the 2D flakes produced. Furthermore we describe the experimental methods and best practices we use to synthesize the most studied MXene, titanium carbide (Ti3C2Tx), using different etchants and delamination methods. We also explain effects of synthesis parameters on the size and quality of Ti3C2Tx and suggest the optimal processes for the desired application.
Author	Anasori, Babak Gogotsi, Yury Maleski, Kathleen Clark, Leah Lelyukh, Pavel Sin, Saleesha Alhabeb, Mohamed
AuthorAffiliation	A.J. Drexel Nanomaterials Institute and Department of Materials Science and Engineering
AuthorAffiliation_xml	– name: A.J. Drexel Nanomaterials Institute and Department of Materials Science and Engineering
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Mohamed orcidid: 0000-0002-9460-8548 surname: Alhabeb fullname: Alhabeb, Mohamed – sequence: 2 givenname: Kathleen orcidid: 0000-0003-4032-7385 surname: Maleski fullname: Maleski, Kathleen – sequence: 3 givenname: Babak orcidid: 0000-0002-1955-253X surname: Anasori fullname: Anasori, Babak – sequence: 4 givenname: Pavel surname: Lelyukh fullname: Lelyukh, Pavel – sequence: 5 givenname: Leah surname: Clark fullname: Clark, Leah – sequence: 6 givenname: Saleesha surname: Sin fullname: Sin, Saleesha – sequence: 7 givenname: Yury orcidid: 0000-0001-9423-4032 surname: Gogotsi fullname: Gogotsi, Yury email: gogotsi@drexel.edu
BackLink	https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1399240$$D View this record in Osti.gov
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Snippet	Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides, carbonitrides, and nitrides (MXenes) were discovered in 2011. Since the original discovery, more than 20...
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Title	Guidelines for Synthesis and Processing of Two-Dimensional Titanium Carbide (Ti3C2T x MXene)
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