Shallow Subsurface Geology of the Ohmi Basin

This study clarified the stratigraphy and sedimentary facies of the shallow subsurface strata of the Ohmi Basin, an inland lake basin in central Japan. Stratigraphic divisions in the basin are based on regional tephra and widely distributed humic layers. The shallow subsurface strata of the basin ar...

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Published inChigaku zasshi Vol. 119; no. 4; pp. 683 - 708
Main Authors KOMATSUBARA, Taku, Geo-Database Information Committee, Kansai Geotechnical Consultants Association, TSUKAHARA, Jun, SANO, Masato, FUJIWARA, Shigehiko, KIMURA, Hiroshi, YANO, Haruo, NAKASHIMA, Toshio, MURAHASHI, Yoshiharu, KURODA, Shin'ichiro, YAMAOKA, Takeshi, SHINTANI, Kayo, ITOH, Masayuki, UEHARA, Hisanori, FUJIWARA, Akira
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Japanese
Published Tokyo Geographical Society 01.01.2010
Subjects
alluvial lowland
inland basin
Ohmi Basin
post-glacial deposits
subsurface geology
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Abstract This study clarified the stratigraphy and sedimentary facies of the shallow subsurface strata of the Ohmi Basin, an inland lake basin in central Japan. Stratigraphic divisions in the basin are based on regional tephra and widely distributed humic layers. The shallow subsurface strata of the basin are divided into two units. Unit II comprises middle to upper Pleistocene terrace deposits. The overlying Unit I comprises uppermost Pleistocene to Holocene postglacial deposits. Although the lithofacies of Unit II vary horizontally and vertically, the uppermost part consistently consists of humic soils containing Aira-Tn tephra (AT). This distinctive tephra is widely distributed throughout the Japanese islands. Humic soils were deposited at ca. 16.5 to 25 ka according to 14C dating. Unit I, which conformably overlies Unit II, and is mainly a repetitive succession of sand, mud, and gravel. Each layer is discontinuous in terrestrial areas, where distribution patterns of lithofacies are controlled by topography. The depth distribution of AT reflects tectonic subsidence induced by reverse faulting in the Biwako-Seigan active fault zone on the western side of Lake Biwa. Thus, tectonic movement was an important factor during sedimentation. Periodic small-scale subsidence (less than several meters per event) due to slips along faults of the Biwako-Seigan system caused discontinuities in late Quaternary fluvial deposits.
AbstractList This study clarified the stratigraphy and sedimentary facies of the shallow subsurface strata of the Ohmi Basin, an inland lake basin in central Japan. Stratigraphic divisions in the basin are based on regional tephra and widely distributed humic layers. The shallow subsurface strata of the basin are divided into two units. Unit II comprises middle to upper Pleistocene terrace deposits. The overlying Unit I comprises uppermost Pleistocene to Holocene postglacial deposits. Although the lithofacies of Unit II vary horizontally and vertically, the uppermost part consistently consists of humic soils containing Aira-Tn tephra (AT). This distinctive tephra is widely distributed throughout the Japanese islands. Humic soils were deposited at ca. 16.5 to 25 ka according to 14C dating. Unit I, which conformably overlies Unit II, and is mainly a repetitive succession of sand, mud, and gravel. Each layer is discontinuous in terrestrial areas, where distribution patterns of lithofacies are controlled by topography. The depth distribution of AT reflects tectonic subsidence induced by reverse faulting in the Biwako-Seigan active fault zone on the western side of Lake Biwa. Thus, tectonic movement was an important factor during sedimentation. Periodic small-scale subsidence (less than several meters per event) due to slips along faults of the Biwako-Seigan system caused discontinuities in late Quaternary fluvial deposits.
Author KURODA, Shin'ichiro
YANO, Haruo
ITOH, Masayuki
Geo-Database Information Committee, Kansai Geotechnical Consultants Association
FUJIWARA, Akira
MURAHASHI, Yoshiharu
KIMURA, Hiroshi
NAKASHIMA, Toshio
TSUKAHARA, Jun
SHINTANI, Kayo
SANO, Masato
KOMATSUBARA, Taku
FUJIWARA, Shigehiko
UEHARA, Hisanori
YAMAOKA, Takeshi
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  fullname: FUJIWARA, Akira
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crossref_primary_10_1016_j_quaint_2011_08_039
Cites_doi 10.1029/JB093iB11p13319
10.4116/jaqua.47.15
10.5026/jgeography.116.5_627
10.4116/jaqua.46.1
10.1111/j.1600-0625.2006.00469.x
10.1007/BF03286827
10.1785/BSSA0610051433
10.1029/2007JB005300
10.4294/zisin1948.51.4_379
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Snippet This study clarified the stratigraphy and sedimentary facies of the shallow subsurface strata of the Ohmi Basin, an inland lake basin in central Japan....
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StartPage 683
SubjectTerms alluvial lowland
inland basin
Ohmi Basin
post-glacial deposits
subsurface geology
Title Shallow Subsurface Geology of the Ohmi Basin
URI https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jgeography/119/4/119_4_683/_article/-char/en
Volume 119
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ispartofPNX Journal of Geography (Chigaku Zasshi), 2010/08/25, Vol.119(4), pp.683-708
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