Sub-regional groundwater storage recovery in North China Plain after the South-to-North water diversion project
•GWS recovery was observed by 617 monitoring wells in NCP after MRP operation.•GRACE detected similar patterns of GWS depletion and recovery with wells.•Pumping decrease and precipitation increase jointly drove GWS recovery. The South-to-North water diversion Middle Route Project (MRP) is expected t...
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| Published in | Journal of hydrology (Amsterdam) Vol. 597; p. 126156 |
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| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Elsevier B.V
01.06.2021
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0022-1694 1879-2707 |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126156 |
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| Abstract | •GWS recovery was observed by 617 monitoring wells in NCP after MRP operation.•GRACE detected similar patterns of GWS depletion and recovery with wells.•Pumping decrease and precipitation increase jointly drove GWS recovery.
The South-to-North water diversion Middle Route Project (MRP) is expected to alleviate the long-term groundwater storage (GWS) depletion in North China Plain (NCP) after the beginning of its operation in December 2014. This study aims to investigate the effect of MRP on GWS by comparing GWS changes before (2003–2014) and after (2015–2018) the MRP operation. The analysis was conducted by using groundwater level data from 617 wells in NCP, and then evaluated against satellite-based water storage data from Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and its Follow-On missions. On average in NCP, a decreasing trend of −19.1 ± 5.1 mm/yr was seen in GWS based on well observations during 2003–2014, but a recovery trend of +1.8 ± 0.7 mm/yr was found during 2015–2018. The GWS recovery was most prominent in subregions where groundwater over-utilization had occurred in NCP. GRACE exhibited the capacity to detect the regional GWS depletion during 2003–2014, but difficult to distinguish the sub-regional GWS recovery during 2015–2018. The potential causes for GWS recovery were found to be complicated, not only caused by the reduction of groundwater pumping as accelerated by MRP-diverted water, but also the increasing precipitation recharge of aquifers and the enhanced management of groundwater system. The findings highlight that GWS in NCP has started a gradual transition from unsustainable depletion to sub-regional recovery as benefit from the MRP water diversion. |
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| AbstractList | •GWS recovery was observed by 617 monitoring wells in NCP after MRP operation.•GRACE detected similar patterns of GWS depletion and recovery with wells.•Pumping decrease and precipitation increase jointly drove GWS recovery.
The South-to-North water diversion Middle Route Project (MRP) is expected to alleviate the long-term groundwater storage (GWS) depletion in North China Plain (NCP) after the beginning of its operation in December 2014. This study aims to investigate the effect of MRP on GWS by comparing GWS changes before (2003–2014) and after (2015–2018) the MRP operation. The analysis was conducted by using groundwater level data from 617 wells in NCP, and then evaluated against satellite-based water storage data from Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and its Follow-On missions. On average in NCP, a decreasing trend of −19.1 ± 5.1 mm/yr was seen in GWS based on well observations during 2003–2014, but a recovery trend of +1.8 ± 0.7 mm/yr was found during 2015–2018. The GWS recovery was most prominent in subregions where groundwater over-utilization had occurred in NCP. GRACE exhibited the capacity to detect the regional GWS depletion during 2003–2014, but difficult to distinguish the sub-regional GWS recovery during 2015–2018. The potential causes for GWS recovery were found to be complicated, not only caused by the reduction of groundwater pumping as accelerated by MRP-diverted water, but also the increasing precipitation recharge of aquifers and the enhanced management of groundwater system. The findings highlight that GWS in NCP has started a gradual transition from unsustainable depletion to sub-regional recovery as benefit from the MRP water diversion. The South-to-North water diversion Middle Route Project (MRP) is expected to alleviate the long-term groundwater storage (GWS) depletion in North China Plain (NCP) after the beginning of its operation in December 2014. This study aims to investigate the effect of MRP on GWS by comparing GWS changes before (2003–2014) and after (2015–2018) the MRP operation. The analysis was conducted by using groundwater level data from 617 wells in NCP, and then evaluated against satellite-based water storage data from Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and its Follow-On missions. On average in NCP, a decreasing trend of −19.1 ± 5.1 mm/yr was seen in GWS based on well observations during 2003–2014, but a recovery trend of +1.8 ± 0.7 mm/yr was found during 2015–2018. The GWS recovery was most prominent in subregions where groundwater over-utilization had occurred in NCP. GRACE exhibited the capacity to detect the regional GWS depletion during 2003–2014, but difficult to distinguish the sub-regional GWS recovery during 2015–2018. The potential causes for GWS recovery were found to be complicated, not only caused by the reduction of groundwater pumping as accelerated by MRP-diverted water, but also the increasing precipitation recharge of aquifers and the enhanced management of groundwater system. The findings highlight that GWS in NCP has started a gradual transition from unsustainable depletion to sub-regional recovery as benefit from the MRP water diversion. |
| ArticleNumber | 126156 |
| Author | Lei, Xiaohui Gong, Huili Liao, Weihong Pan, Yun Duan, Qingyun Gong, Wei Zheng, Longqun Guo, Xueru Xu, Lei Moradkhani, Hamid Zhang, Chong Huang, Zhiyong J.-F. Yeh, Pat |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Chong surname: Zhang fullname: Zhang, Chong organization: Institute of Land Surface System and Sustainable Development, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China – sequence: 2 givenname: Qingyun surname: Duan fullname: Duan, Qingyun email: qyduan@hhu.edu.cn organization: State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, China – sequence: 3 givenname: Pat surname: J.-F. Yeh fullname: J.-F. Yeh, Pat organization: Discipline of Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, Monash University (Malaysia Campus), Malaysia – sequence: 4 givenname: Yun surname: Pan fullname: Pan, Yun organization: Beijing Laboratory of Water Resources Security, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China – sequence: 5 givenname: Huili surname: Gong fullname: Gong, Huili organization: Beijing Laboratory of Water Resources Security, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China – sequence: 6 givenname: Hamid surname: Moradkhani fullname: Moradkhani, Hamid organization: Center for Complex Hydrosystems Research, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA – sequence: 7 givenname: Wei surname: Gong fullname: Gong, Wei organization: Institute of Land Surface System and Sustainable Development, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China – sequence: 8 givenname: Xiaohui surname: Lei fullname: Lei, Xiaohui organization: Sate Key Laboratory of Stimulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, China – sequence: 9 givenname: Weihong surname: Liao fullname: Liao, Weihong organization: Sate Key Laboratory of Stimulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, China – sequence: 10 givenname: Lei surname: Xu fullname: Xu, Lei organization: State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping, and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China – sequence: 11 givenname: Zhiyong surname: Huang fullname: Huang, Zhiyong organization: Department of Earth Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China – sequence: 12 givenname: Longqun surname: Zheng fullname: Zheng, Longqun organization: Beijing Laboratory of Water Resources Security, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China – sequence: 13 givenname: Xueru surname: Guo fullname: Guo, Xueru organization: Department of Statistics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China |
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| Keywords | Groundwater recovery South-to-North water diversion GRACE Groundwater depletion North China Plain |
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| Snippet | •GWS recovery was observed by 617 monitoring wells in NCP after MRP operation.•GRACE detected similar patterns of GWS depletion and recovery with... The South-to-North water diversion Middle Route Project (MRP) is expected to alleviate the long-term groundwater storage (GWS) depletion in North China Plain... |
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| SubjectTerms | China climate GRACE groundwater Groundwater depletion Groundwater recovery North China Plain satellites South-to-North water diversion water storage water table |
| Title | Sub-regional groundwater storage recovery in North China Plain after the South-to-North water diversion project |
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