Simplified physically based models for free-surface flow in karst systems
•Simplified models that reproduce karst spring hydrographs for free-surface flow conditions.•Karst aquifer characterization using effective discharge expressions.•Application on actual karst aquifer systems. Most karst aquifers are characterized as a dual-flow system comprised of a highly conductive...
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| Published in | Journal of hydrology (Amsterdam) Vol. 578; p. 124040 |
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| Main Authors | , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Elsevier B.V
01.11.2019
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0022-1694 1879-2707 |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.124040 |
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| Abstract | •Simplified models that reproduce karst spring hydrographs for free-surface flow conditions.•Karst aquifer characterization using effective discharge expressions.•Application on actual karst aquifer systems.
Most karst aquifers are characterized as a dual-flow system comprised of a highly conductive conduit network embedded in a low porosity matrix. The conduits are hydraulically connected to the matrix and behave either as a drain or a source depending on the recharge conditions. Simplified physically based models are herein employed to simulate the spring outflow for such aquifer systems. The processes consist of a free-surface flow in the conduit that is interacting laterally with a laminar groundwater flow in the surrounding matrix. The conduit is subject to a concentrated recharge at its upstream end while the groundwater aquifer is subject to a diffuse recharge over its contributing surface area. The flow system is described by a coupled system of partial differential equations: the conduit flow is approximated by the kinematic wave equation and the groundwater flow by the linearized Boussinesq equation. The governing equations are solved using the Laplace transform method after an appropriate linearization of the nonlinear coefficient. The derived spring discharge models are a function of three dimensionless parameters: the time lag parameter ξ, the lumped conduit parameter λ, and the aquifer parameter η. The simulation results highlight the contrast between pressure-driven and gravity-driven flows and the importance of the conduit-matrix interaction on the response of the karst system. Application of the models on real karst aquifers demonstrates their effectiveness in simulating the observed spring hydrograph using lumped physical parameters of the karst system. |
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| AbstractList | Most karst aquifers are characterized as a dual-flow system comprised of a highly conductive conduit network embedded in a low porosity matrix. The conduits are hydraulically connected to the matrix and behave either as a drain or a source depending on the recharge conditions. Simplified physically based models are herein employed to simulate the spring outflow for such aquifer systems. The processes consist of a free-surface flow in the conduit that is interacting laterally with a laminar groundwater flow in the surrounding matrix. The conduit is subject to a concentrated recharge at its upstream end while the groundwater aquifer is subject to a diffuse recharge over its contributing surface area. The flow system is described by a coupled system of partial differential equations: the conduit flow is approximated by the kinematic wave equation and the groundwater flow by the linearized Boussinesq equation. The governing equations are solved using the Laplace transform method after an appropriate linearization of the nonlinear coefficient. The derived spring discharge models are a function of three dimensionless parameters: the time lag parameter ξ, the lumped conduit parameter λ, and the aquifer parameter η. The simulation results highlight the contrast between pressure-driven and gravity-driven flows and the importance of the conduit-matrix interaction on the response of the karst system. Application of the models on real karst aquifers demonstrates their effectiveness in simulating the observed spring hydrograph using lumped physical parameters of the karst system. •Simplified models that reproduce karst spring hydrographs for free-surface flow conditions.•Karst aquifer characterization using effective discharge expressions.•Application on actual karst aquifer systems. Most karst aquifers are characterized as a dual-flow system comprised of a highly conductive conduit network embedded in a low porosity matrix. The conduits are hydraulically connected to the matrix and behave either as a drain or a source depending on the recharge conditions. Simplified physically based models are herein employed to simulate the spring outflow for such aquifer systems. The processes consist of a free-surface flow in the conduit that is interacting laterally with a laminar groundwater flow in the surrounding matrix. The conduit is subject to a concentrated recharge at its upstream end while the groundwater aquifer is subject to a diffuse recharge over its contributing surface area. The flow system is described by a coupled system of partial differential equations: the conduit flow is approximated by the kinematic wave equation and the groundwater flow by the linearized Boussinesq equation. The governing equations are solved using the Laplace transform method after an appropriate linearization of the nonlinear coefficient. The derived spring discharge models are a function of three dimensionless parameters: the time lag parameter ξ, the lumped conduit parameter λ, and the aquifer parameter η. The simulation results highlight the contrast between pressure-driven and gravity-driven flows and the importance of the conduit-matrix interaction on the response of the karst system. Application of the models on real karst aquifers demonstrates their effectiveness in simulating the observed spring hydrograph using lumped physical parameters of the karst system. |
| ArticleNumber | 124040 |
| Author | Basha, Habib Zoghbi, Christiane |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Christiane orcidid: 0000-0003-3994-6314 surname: Zoghbi fullname: Zoghbi, Christiane – sequence: 2 givenname: Habib orcidid: 0000-0001-7676-1429 surname: Basha fullname: Basha, Habib email: habib@aub.edu.lb |
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| Cites_doi | 10.1029/WR026i011p02769 10.1016/S0022-1694(02)00033-1 10.1029/2011WR010446 10.1016/j.advwatres.2013.01.010 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2012.06.043 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2006.11.015 10.1080/03091921003610152 10.1016/S0013-7952(01)00120-X 10.1029/2018WR023331 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2010.03.005 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2006.02.017 10.1016/0021-8928(60)90107-6 10.5038/1827-806X.37.1.2 10.1145/321921.321931 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.04.005 10.1016/0022-1694(70)90255-6 10.1016/j.advwatres.2013.08.009 10.1029/2007WR006601 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2006.00175.x 10.1137/0903022 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.05.006 10.1029/2002GL016808 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2012.04.044 |
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| Keywords | Hydraulic processes Kernel functions Transfer functions Conduit-matrix interaction Karst hydrology Inverse modeling Analytical models Spring hydrograph Convolution integral Free-surface flow Karst water resources Dual-hydraulic model Laplace transform method Mathematical modeling Karst conduit Aquifer characterization |
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| Snippet | •Simplified models that reproduce karst spring hydrographs for free-surface flow conditions.•Karst aquifer characterization using effective discharge... Most karst aquifers are characterized as a dual-flow system comprised of a highly conductive conduit network embedded in a low porosity matrix. The conduits... |
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| SubjectTerms | Analytical models Aquifer characterization aquifers Conduit-matrix interaction Convolution integral differential equation Dual-hydraulic model Free-surface flow groundwater groundwater flow groundwater recharge Hydraulic processes hydrograph Inverse modeling Karst conduit Karst hydrology Karst water resources karsts Kernel functions Laplace transform method Mathematical modeling porosity Spring hydrograph springs (water) surface area Transfer functions |
| Title | Simplified physically based models for free-surface flow in karst systems |
| URI | https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.124040 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2400512959 |
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