Prokaryote Communities at Active Chimney and In Situ Colonization Devices After a Magmatic Degassing Event (37°N MAR, EMSO‐Azores Deep‐Sea Observatory)

• Published in: Geochemistry, geophysics, geosystems : G3 Vol. 20; no. 6; pp. 3065 - 3089
• Main Authors: Rommevaux, Céline, Henri, Pauline, Degboe, Jefferson, Chavagnac, Valérie, Lesongeur, Françoise, Godfroy, Anne, Boulart, Cédric, Destrigneville, Christine, Castillo, Alain
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Washington John Wiley & Sons, Inc 01.06.2019; AGU and the Geochemical Society
• Subjects: Bacteria; Basalt; Carbon dioxide; Chemical composition; Colonization; Deep sea; Degassing; Earth Sciences; Earthquakes; Ecology, environment; Ecosystems; Fluids; Geochemistry; Hydrothermal fields; Life Sciences; Lucky Strike; magmatic degassing; Major elements; microbial community structure; multidisciplinary study; Oceanic crust; Oxidoreductions; Sampling; Sciences of the Universe; Seawater; Seismicity; Sulphates; Temperature; Temperature variations; Geosystems 2; Multidisciplinary study Geochemistry; Geophysics; Lucky Strike; Key Points: Lucky Strike; Magmatic degassing; Microbial community structure
• DOI: 10.1029/2018GC008107
• ISSN: 1525-2027

The mixing zone between high‐temperature hydrothermal fluids and seawater produces redox gradients, promoting the development of unique ecosystems based on chemotrophy. The structure of microbial communities depends on their environment, which can vary according to space and time. Hydrothermal circulation within the oceanic crust determines the chemical composition and flow of fluids, depending on underground events (earthquakes, volcanic episodes, etc.) and impacts the development of microbial communities. This link between hydrothermal vent communities and deep geological events is the focus of the present study, the first of its kind for slow‐spreading ridge. In this study, we present a unique set of multidisciplinary data collected from 2008 to 2011 on the Eiffel Tower hydrothermal site (Lucky Strike vent field, Mid‐Atlantic Ridge, MAR). We benefit from continuous geophysical monitoring (temperature and seismicity) of the site, annual sampling of hydrothermal fluids (hot and diffuse) for geochemistry analyses, sampling of hydrothermal chimneys, and an in situ microbial colonization experiment over a year for microbial study. The high CO2 content and concentrations of major elements (Cl, Ca, and Si) and SO4 in the end‐member fluids collected in 2010 indicate that a magmatic degassing occurred between 2009 and 2010 under the Lucky Strike hydrothermal field. This is supported by the large temperature variations observed in March–April 2010. These magmatic CO2 inputs seem to have affected microbial communities colonizing the high‐temperature chimney, as well as the basalts in the more diffuse and mixed zone, promoting the development of thermophilic/anaerobic Archaea and Bacteria (Archaeoglobales, Nautiliales, and Nitratiruptoraceae). Key Points Magmatic event and microbial response Temporal evolution of hydrothermal fluxes and microbial communities Results from deep sea observatory EMSO Azores