Comparison of brittle- and viscous creep in quartzites: Implications for semi-brittle flow of rocks
The co-existence and interaction between brittle and viscous deformation processes contributes to the integrated strength of the crust and results in a wide range of energy-release mechanisms ranging from earthquakes to creep. Here, we compare flow laws derived for quartz-rich rocks deforming by bri...
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| Published in | Journal of structural geology Vol. 113; pp. 90 - 99 |
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| Main Authors | , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Elsevier Ltd
01.08.2018
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| Abstract | The co-existence and interaction between brittle and viscous deformation processes contributes to the integrated strength of the crust and results in a wide range of energy-release mechanisms ranging from earthquakes to creep. Here, we compare flow laws derived for quartz-rich rocks deforming by brittle creep, wet dislocation power-law creep and dissolution-precipitation creep. We investigate theoretically the conditions when both brittle and viscous processes contribute significantly to deformation provided that all processes act independently and in parallel. Utilizing a comprehensive data set for deformation experiments in quartz-rich rocks, we find that the transition between deformation mechanisms is strongly dependent on input variables such as initial flaw size and grain size. The transition can occur abruptly or over hundreds of MPa in differential stress and hundreds of degrees Kelvin at a constant strain rate. The transition is strongly dependent on grain-size and confining pressure. Limitations to this work are first that all three flow laws are poorly constrained by experimental data for conditions relevant for the comparison. Secondly, a need exists for new experiments to infill the knowledge gaps between high-temperature and low-temperature deformation experiments and deriving quantitative flow laws for low-temperature plasticity and high-temperature brittle creep.
•Theoretical investigation of co-occurrence of brittle and viscous deformation processes in quartzites.•Combining experimental data with flow-laws to investigate quartz rheology over a wide differential stress-Temperature space.•Deformation mechanism maps for brittle-viscous flow in wet quartzites.•More than one deformation mechanism contributes to strain-rate for only limited σ-T conditions.•New experimental data are needed to better understand the interplay of low-T brittle creep and high-T viscous creep. |
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| AbstractList | The co-existence and interaction between brittle and viscous deformation processes contributes to the integrated strength of the crust and results in a wide range of energy-release mechanisms ranging from earthquakes to creep. Here, we compare flow laws derived for quartz-rich rocks deforming by brittle creep, wet dislocation power-law creep and dissolution-precipitation creep. We investigate theoretically the conditions when both brittle and viscous processes contribute significantly to deformation provided that all processes act independently and in parallel. Utilizing a comprehensive data set for deformation experiments in quartz-rich rocks, we find that the transition between deformation mechanisms is strongly dependent on input variables such as initial flaw size and grain size. The transition can occur abruptly or over hundreds of MPa in differential stress and hundreds of degrees Kelvin at a constant strain rate. The transition is strongly dependent on grain-size and confining pressure. Limitations to this work are first that all three flow laws are poorly constrained by experimental data for conditions relevant for the comparison. Secondly, a need exists for new experiments to infill the knowledge gaps between high-temperature and low-temperature deformation experiments and deriving quantitative flow laws for low-temperature plasticity and high-temperature brittle creep.
•Theoretical investigation of co-occurrence of brittle and viscous deformation processes in quartzites.•Combining experimental data with flow-laws to investigate quartz rheology over a wide differential stress-Temperature space.•Deformation mechanism maps for brittle-viscous flow in wet quartzites.•More than one deformation mechanism contributes to strain-rate for only limited σ-T conditions.•New experimental data are needed to better understand the interplay of low-T brittle creep and high-T viscous creep. |
| Author | Reber, Jacqueline E. Pec, Matej |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Jacqueline E. surname: Reber fullname: Reber, Jacqueline E. email: jreber@iastate.edu organization: Department of Geological and Atmospheric Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA – sequence: 2 givenname: Matej surname: Pec fullname: Pec, Matej organization: Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA |
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