Climate fluctuations during the Ordovician-Silurian transition period in South China: Implications for paleoenvironmental evolution and organic matter enrichment

The Ordovician-Silurian (OS) transition witnessed dramatic tectonic, climatic, marine, and biological coevolution, during which organic-rich black shale was widely deposited and is considered an important source rock. However, the potential links between the differential enrichment pattern of organi...

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Published inPalaeogeography, palaeoclimatology, palaeoecology Vol. 613; p. 111411
Main Authors Chen, Weizhen, Tian, Jingchun, Lin, Xiaobing, Liang, Qingshao, Wang, Xing, Yi, Dingxin, Li, Yuanyuan
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Elsevier B.V 01.03.2023
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Abstract The Ordovician-Silurian (OS) transition witnessed dramatic tectonic, climatic, marine, and biological coevolution, during which organic-rich black shale was widely deposited and is considered an important source rock. However, the potential links between the differential enrichment pattern of organic matter and climate fluctuations and paleoenvironmental evolution during this period are still unclear. In this paper, the Late Ordovician-early Silurian black shale in a JieLong (JL) section in South China was identified by graptolitic fossils, total organic carbon (TOC) content, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and geochemical analysis. The results show that the provenances of sedimentary rocks are all granodiorite-like. According to the variations in the TOC content and geochemical indicators, four layers are delineated. Under warm and humid climatic conditions, sea level rise and unstable seasonal upwelling led to Unit 1 organic matter enrichment controlled by high primary productivity, anoxic conditions and effective smectite production. Unit 2 organic matter burial was controlled by cold, arid and oxic environmental conditions, but primary productivity was still relatively high. After the end of the glacial period, warm and humid climatic conditions and rapid transgression were the main factors affecting the burial of organic matter in Unit 3. Under hot and humid climate conditions, higher terrigenous detrital inputs and unfavourable preservation environments, the dilution of organic matter in Unit 4 was accelerated. The corrected chemical index of alteration (CIAcorr) values show that the study area experienced a climate change of alternating cold and warm conditions in response to the climate fluctuation during the glacial-interglacial period. The CIAcorr value is negatively correlated with the TOC content, while the generation of available clay minerals (smectite) in warm and humid climates is usually consistent with the enhanced burial flux of organic matter, supporting the important role of climate fluctuations in the accumulation of organic matter. Finally, a comparison of the data from the present study with geochemical data from different profiles in South China reveals the role of climatic fluctuations during the OS transition in controlling paleoenvironmental evolution and organic matter enrichment, while such a heterogeneous factor is usually associated with global or regional geological events. Our study highlights this differential enrichment mechanism as a combined response of multiple factors and provides important implications for glacial-interglacial organic matter enrichment mechanisms. •Rapid changes of weathering indices imply climatic fluctuations during the Late Ordovician-Early Silurian.•Four different patterns were established for organic matter accumulation across the O/S.•Climate fluctuations and the heterogeneity nature of ocean systems explain the regional variations of OM accumulation.
AbstractList The Ordovician-Silurian (OS) transition witnessed dramatic tectonic, climatic, marine, and biological coevolution, during which organic-rich black shale was widely deposited and is considered an important source rock. However, the potential links between the differential enrichment pattern of organic matter and climate fluctuations and paleoenvironmental evolution during this period are still unclear. In this paper, the Late Ordovician-early Silurian black shale in a JieLong (JL) section in South China was identified by graptolitic fossils, total organic carbon (TOC) content, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and geochemical analysis. The results show that the provenances of sedimentary rocks are all granodiorite-like. According to the variations in the TOC content and geochemical indicators, four layers are delineated. Under warm and humid climatic conditions, sea level rise and unstable seasonal upwelling led to Unit 1 organic matter enrichment controlled by high primary productivity, anoxic conditions and effective smectite production. Unit 2 organic matter burial was controlled by cold, arid and oxic environmental conditions, but primary productivity was still relatively high. After the end of the glacial period, warm and humid climatic conditions and rapid transgression were the main factors affecting the burial of organic matter in Unit 3. Under hot and humid climate conditions, higher terrigenous detrital inputs and unfavourable preservation environments, the dilution of organic matter in Unit 4 was accelerated. The corrected chemical index of alteration (CIAcorr) values show that the study area experienced a climate change of alternating cold and warm conditions in response to the climate fluctuation during the glacial-interglacial period. The CIAcorr value is negatively correlated with the TOC content, while the generation of available clay minerals (smectite) in warm and humid climates is usually consistent with the enhanced burial flux of organic matter, supporting the important role of climate fluctuations in the accumulation of organic matter. Finally, a comparison of the data from the present study with geochemical data from different profiles in South China reveals the role of climatic fluctuations during the OS transition in controlling paleoenvironmental evolution and organic matter enrichment, while such a heterogeneous factor is usually associated with global or regional geological events. Our study highlights this differential enrichment mechanism as a combined response of multiple factors and provides important implications for glacial-interglacial organic matter enrichment mechanisms. •Rapid changes of weathering indices imply climatic fluctuations during the Late Ordovician-Early Silurian.•Four different patterns were established for organic matter accumulation across the O/S.•Climate fluctuations and the heterogeneity nature of ocean systems explain the regional variations of OM accumulation.
The Ordovician-Silurian (OS) transition witnessed dramatic tectonic, climatic, marine, and biological coevolution, during which organic-rich black shale was widely deposited and is considered an important source rock. However, the potential links between the differential enrichment pattern of organic matter and climate fluctuations and paleoenvironmental evolution during this period are still unclear. In this paper, the Late Ordovician-early Silurian black shale in a JieLong (JL) section in South China was identified by graptolitic fossils, total organic carbon (TOC) content, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and geochemical analysis. The results show that the provenances of sedimentary rocks are all granodiorite-like. According to the variations in the TOC content and geochemical indicators, four layers are delineated. Under warm and humid climatic conditions, sea level rise and unstable seasonal upwelling led to Unit 1 organic matter enrichment controlled by high primary productivity, anoxic conditions and effective smectite production. Unit 2 organic matter burial was controlled by cold, arid and oxic environmental conditions, but primary productivity was still relatively high. After the end of the glacial period, warm and humid climatic conditions and rapid transgression were the main factors affecting the burial of organic matter in Unit 3. Under hot and humid climate conditions, higher terrigenous detrital inputs and unfavourable preservation environments, the dilution of organic matter in Unit 4 was accelerated. The corrected chemical index of alteration (CIAcₒᵣᵣ) values show that the study area experienced a climate change of alternating cold and warm conditions in response to the climate fluctuation during the glacial-interglacial period. The CIAcₒᵣᵣ value is negatively correlated with the TOC content, while the generation of available clay minerals (smectite) in warm and humid climates is usually consistent with the enhanced burial flux of organic matter, supporting the important role of climate fluctuations in the accumulation of organic matter. Finally, a comparison of the data from the present study with geochemical data from different profiles in South China reveals the role of climatic fluctuations during the OS transition in controlling paleoenvironmental evolution and organic matter enrichment, while such a heterogeneous factor is usually associated with global or regional geological events. Our study highlights this differential enrichment mechanism as a combined response of multiple factors and provides important implications for glacial-interglacial organic matter enrichment mechanisms.
ArticleNumber 111411
Author Li, Yuanyuan
Tian, Jingchun
Yi, Dingxin
Wang, Xing
Chen, Weizhen
Lin, Xiaobing
Liang, Qingshao
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  organization: State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
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  givenname: Qingshao
  surname: Liang
  fullname: Liang, Qingshao
  email: liangqingshao@foxmail.com
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  organization: State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
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  givenname: Dingxin
  surname: Yi
  fullname: Yi, Dingxin
  organization: Guizhou Earthquake Agency, Guiyang 550001, China
– sequence: 7
  givenname: Yuanyuan
  surname: Li
  fullname: Li, Yuanyuan
  organization: 207 Geological Brigade of Sichuan Bureau of Exploration & Development of Geology & Mineral Resources, Leshan 614000, China
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Keywords Organic matter accumulation
O-S transition
Black shale
South China
Climatic fluctuations
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Snippet The Ordovician-Silurian (OS) transition witnessed dramatic tectonic, climatic, marine, and biological coevolution, during which organic-rich black shale was...
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SubjectTerms Black shale
China
clay
climate change
Climatic fluctuations
coevolution
cold
electron microscopy
humid zones
O-S transition
Organic matter accumulation
palaeogeography
paleoclimatology
paleoecology
primary productivity
sea level
shale
smectite
South China
tectonics
total organic carbon
X-ray diffraction
Title Climate fluctuations during the Ordovician-Silurian transition period in South China: Implications for paleoenvironmental evolution and organic matter enrichment
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2023.111411
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2834205575
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