Evaluation and estimation of surface water quality in an arid region based on EEM-PARAFAC and 3D fluorescence spectral index: A case study of the Ebinur Lake Watershed, China

Development of tools for real-time monitoring of water quality is crucial for management of stream water pollution. In this study, fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEM) with parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) were used to estimate five-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen de...

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Published inCatena (Giessen) Vol. 155; pp. 62 - 74
Main Authors Wang, Xiaoping, Zhang, Fei, Kung, Hsiang-te, Ghulam, Abduwasit, Trumbo, Adam L., Yang, Jianying, Ren, Yan, Jing, Yunqing
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Elsevier B.V 01.08.2017
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Abstract Development of tools for real-time monitoring of water quality is crucial for management of stream water pollution. In this study, fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEM) with parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) were used to estimate five-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), suspended sediment (SS), total nitrogen (TN), pH, total phosphorus (TP), ammonia nitrogen (NH3+-N), turbidity (NTU), and dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations in inland freshwater streams. The study area was located in Ebinur Lake Watershed, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China. Our results showed that the four fluorescence components were successfully extrapolated by the PARAFAC factor analysis modeling from the fluorescence EEM data including microbial humic-like (C1), terrestrial humic-like organic substances (C2, C4), and protein-like organic substances (C3). The four PARAFAC components were selected as the water quality monitoring index of river water samples. Three-dimensional fluorescence index analysis showed that terrigenous organic pollution was the main organic pollution type in the watershed. This indicates that the watershed is subject to human disturbance, given the large variation of organic pollution in the water body. There was a significant correlation between the three-dimensional fluorescence index, the fluorescence components, and surface water quality index. In addition, the application of three-dimensional fluorescence index and fluorescence component to establish water quality index produced a model fitting coefficient greater than 0.5, which demonstrated that the accuracy of the model was in line with monitoring requirements in practice. This implies that the use of three-dimensional fluorescence index and three-dimensional fluorescence component to monitor Ebinur Lake Watershed water quality has a great potential. •Investigated fluorescence EEM characteristics of water body by EEM-PARAFAC•Estimated water pollution sources by fluorescence spectral indices•Explored the relationship with the EEM peak, EEM indices and water quality indices•Used the fluorescence peak and indices to estimate water quality indices
AbstractList Development of tools for real-time monitoring of water quality is crucial for management of stream water pollution. In this study, fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEM) with parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) were used to estimate five-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), suspended sediment (SS), total nitrogen (TN), pH, total phosphorus (TP), ammonia nitrogen (NH3+-N), turbidity (NTU), and dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations in inland freshwater streams. The study area was located in Ebinur Lake Watershed, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China. Our results showed that the four fluorescence components were successfully extrapolated by the PARAFAC factor analysis modeling from the fluorescence EEM data including microbial humic-like (C1), terrestrial humic-like organic substances (C2, C4), and protein-like organic substances (C3). The four PARAFAC components were selected as the water quality monitoring index of river water samples. Three-dimensional fluorescence index analysis showed that terrigenous organic pollution was the main organic pollution type in the watershed. This indicates that the watershed is subject to human disturbance, given the large variation of organic pollution in the water body. There was a significant correlation between the three-dimensional fluorescence index, the fluorescence components, and surface water quality index. In addition, the application of three-dimensional fluorescence index and fluorescence component to establish water quality index produced a model fitting coefficient greater than 0.5, which demonstrated that the accuracy of the model was in line with monitoring requirements in practice. This implies that the use of three-dimensional fluorescence index and three-dimensional fluorescence component to monitor Ebinur Lake Watershed water quality has a great potential.
Development of tools for real-time monitoring of water quality is crucial for management of stream water pollution. In this study, fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEM) with parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) were used to estimate five-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), suspended sediment (SS), total nitrogen (TN), pH, total phosphorus (TP), ammonia nitrogen (NH3+-N), turbidity (NTU), and dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations in inland freshwater streams. The study area was located in Ebinur Lake Watershed, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China. Our results showed that the four fluorescence components were successfully extrapolated by the PARAFAC factor analysis modeling from the fluorescence EEM data including microbial humic-like (C1), terrestrial humic-like organic substances (C2, C4), and protein-like organic substances (C3). The four PARAFAC components were selected as the water quality monitoring index of river water samples. Three-dimensional fluorescence index analysis showed that terrigenous organic pollution was the main organic pollution type in the watershed. This indicates that the watershed is subject to human disturbance, given the large variation of organic pollution in the water body. There was a significant correlation between the three-dimensional fluorescence index, the fluorescence components, and surface water quality index. In addition, the application of three-dimensional fluorescence index and fluorescence component to establish water quality index produced a model fitting coefficient greater than 0.5, which demonstrated that the accuracy of the model was in line with monitoring requirements in practice. This implies that the use of three-dimensional fluorescence index and three-dimensional fluorescence component to monitor Ebinur Lake Watershed water quality has a great potential. •Investigated fluorescence EEM characteristics of water body by EEM-PARAFAC•Estimated water pollution sources by fluorescence spectral indices•Explored the relationship with the EEM peak, EEM indices and water quality indices•Used the fluorescence peak and indices to estimate water quality indices
Author Ren, Yan
Yang, Jianying
Zhang, Fei
Kung, Hsiang-te
Ghulam, Abduwasit
Trumbo, Adam L.
Jing, Yunqing
Wang, Xiaoping
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  organization: College of Resources and Environment Science, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830046, China
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  organization: College of Resources and Environment Science, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830046, China
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  organization: College of Resources and Environment Science, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830046, China
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  surname: Jing
  fullname: Jing, Yunqing
  organization: College of Resources and Environment Science, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830046, China
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Keywords Fluorescence indices
Parallel factor analysis
Ebinur Lake Watershed
Water quality
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Snippet Development of tools for real-time monitoring of water quality is crucial for management of stream water pollution. In this study, fluorescence...
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SubjectTerms ammonium nitrogen
arid zones
biochemical oxygen demand
case studies
chemical oxygen demand
China
dissolved oxygen
Ebinur Lake Watershed
factor analysis
fluorescence
Fluorescence indices
humans
lakes
monitoring
organic matter
Parallel factor analysis
phosphorus
river water
streams
surface water
suspended sediment
turbidity
water pollution
Water quality
watersheds
Title Evaluation and estimation of surface water quality in an arid region based on EEM-PARAFAC and 3D fluorescence spectral index: A case study of the Ebinur Lake Watershed, China
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2017.03.006
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