Wavelength-Dependent Damage to Adenoviral Proteins Across the Germicidal UV Spectrum
Adenovirus, a waterborne pathogen responsible for causing bronchitis, pneumonia, and gastrointestinal infections, is highly resistant to UV disinfection and therefore drives the virus disinfection regulations set by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Polychromatic UV irradiation has been show...
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Published in | Environmental science & technology Vol. 52; no. 1; pp. 223 - 229 |
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Main Authors | , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
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United States
American Chemical Society
02.01.2018
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Abstract | Adenovirus, a waterborne pathogen responsible for causing bronchitis, pneumonia, and gastrointestinal infections, is highly resistant to UV disinfection and therefore drives the virus disinfection regulations set by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Polychromatic UV irradiation has been shown to be more effective at inactivating adenovirus and other viruses than traditional monochromatic irradiation emitted at 254 nm; the enhanced efficacy has been attributed to UV-induced damage to viral proteins. This research shows UV-induced damage to adenoviral proteins across the germicidal UV spectrum at wavelength intervals between 200 and 300 nm. A deuterium lamp with bandpass filters and UV light-emitting diodes (UV LEDs) isolated wavelengths in approximate 10 nm intervals. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and image densitometry were used to detect signatures for the hexon, penton, fiber, minor capsid, and core proteins. The greatest loss of protein signature, indicating damage to viral proteins, occurred below 240 nm. Hexon and penton proteins exposed to a dose of 28 mJ/cm2 emitted at 214 nm were approximately 4 times as sensitive and fiber proteins approximately 3 times as sensitive as those exposed to a dose of 50 mJ/cm2 emitted at 254 nm. At 220 nm, a dose of 38 mJ/cm2 reduced the hexon and penton protein quantities to approximately 33% and 31% of the original amounts, respectively. In contrast, a much higher dose of 400 mJ/cm2 emitted at 261 and 278 nm reduced the original protein quantity to between 66–89% and 80–93%, respectively. No significant damage was seen with a dose of 400 mJ/cm2 at 254 nm. This research directly correlates enhanced inactivation at low wavelengths with adenoviral protein damage at those wavelengths, adding fundamental insight into the mechanisms of inactivation of polychromatic germicidal UV irradiation for improving UV water disinfection. |
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AbstractList | Adenovirus, a waterborne pathogen responsible for causing bronchitis, pneumonia, and gastrointestinal infections, is highly resistant to UV disinfection and therefore drives the virus disinfection regulations set by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Polychromatic UV irradiation has been shown to be more effective at inactivating adenovirus and other viruses than traditional monochromatic irradiation emitted at 254 nm; the enhanced efficacy has been attributed to UV-induced damage to viral proteins. This research shows UV-induced damage to adenoviral proteins across the germicidal UV spectrum at wavelength intervals between 200 and 300 nm. A deuterium lamp with bandpass filters and UV light-emitting diodes (UV LEDs) isolated wavelengths in approximate 10 nm intervals. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and image densitometry were used to detect signatures for the hexon, penton, fiber, minor capsid, and core proteins. The greatest loss of protein signature, indicating damage to viral proteins, occurred below 240 nm. Hexon and penton proteins exposed to a dose of 28 mJ/cm2 emitted at 214 nm were approximately 4 times as sensitive and fiber proteins approximately 3 times as sensitive as those exposed to a dose of 50 mJ/cm2 emitted at 254 nm. At 220 nm, a dose of 38 mJ/cm2 reduced the hexon and penton protein quantities to approximately 33% and 31% of the original amounts, respectively. In contrast, a much higher dose of 400 mJ/cm2 emitted at 261 and 278 nm reduced the original protein quantity to between 66-89% and 80-93%, respectively. No significant damage was seen with a dose of 400 mJ/cm2 at 254 nm. This research directly correlates enhanced inactivation at low wavelengths with adenoviral protein damage at those wavelengths, adding fundamental insight into the mechanisms of inactivation of polychromatic germicidal UV irradiation for improving UV water disinfection. Adenovirus, a waterborne pathogen responsible for causing bronchitis, pneumonia, and gastrointestinal infections, is highly resistant to UV disinfection and therefore drives the virus disinfection regulations set by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Polychromatic UV irradiation has been shown to be more effective at inactivating adenovirus and other viruses than traditional monochromatic irradiation emitted at 254 nm; the enhanced efficacy has been attributed to UV-induced damage to viral proteins. This research shows UV-induced damage to adenoviral proteins across the germicidal UV spectrum at wavelength intervals between 200 and 300 nm. A deuterium lamp with bandpass filters and UV light-emitting diodes (UV LEDs) isolated wavelengths in approximate 10 nm intervals. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and image densitometry were used to detect signatures for the hexon, penton, fiber, minor capsid, and core proteins. The greatest loss of protein signature, indicating damage to viral proteins, occurred below 240 nm. Hexon and penton proteins exposed to a dose of 28 mJ/cm emitted at 214 nm were approximately 4 times as sensitive and fiber proteins approximately 3 times as sensitive as those exposed to a dose of 50 mJ/cm emitted at 254 nm. At 220 nm, a dose of 38 mJ/cm reduced the hexon and penton protein quantities to approximately 33% and 31% of the original amounts, respectively. In contrast, a much higher dose of 400 mJ/cm emitted at 261 and 278 nm reduced the original protein quantity to between 66-89% and 80-93%, respectively. No significant damage was seen with a dose of 400 mJ/cm at 254 nm. This research directly correlates enhanced inactivation at low wavelengths with adenoviral protein damage at those wavelengths, adding fundamental insight into the mechanisms of inactivation of polychromatic germicidal UV irradiation for improving UV water disinfection. |
Author | Beck, Sara E Linden, Karl G Hull, Natalie M Poepping, Christopher |
AuthorAffiliation | University of Colorado Boulder Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering |
AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: University of Colorado Boulder – name: Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Sara E surname: Beck fullname: Beck, Sara E – sequence: 2 givenname: Natalie M orcidid: 0000-0003-2876-6721 surname: Hull fullname: Hull, Natalie M – sequence: 3 givenname: Christopher surname: Poepping fullname: Poepping, Christopher – sequence: 4 givenname: Karl G orcidid: 0000-0003-4301-7227 surname: Linden fullname: Linden, Karl G email: karl.linden@colorado.edu |
BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29261289$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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SubjectTerms | Adenoviruses Bandpass filters Bronchitis Core loss Deactivation Densitometers Densitometry Deuterium Disinfection Dosage Electromagnetic wave filters Environmental protection Environmental regulations Gel electrophoresis Image detection Inactivation Intervals Irradiation Light emitting diodes Organic light emitting diodes Penton protein Proteins Sodium Sodium dodecyl sulfate Sodium lauryl sulfate Ultraviolet radiation Viruses Water treatment Wavelength Wavelengths |
Title | Wavelength-Dependent Damage to Adenoviral Proteins Across the Germicidal UV Spectrum |
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