Effect of Various Natural Dissolved Organic Carbon on Copper Lability and Toxicity to the Tropical Freshwater Microalga Chlorella sp
This study adds further critical information to the limited body of knowledge on the ameliorative ability of Australian dissolved organic carbon (DOC), reinforcing the importance of DOC source and concentration as significant factors controlling the risk copper poses to organisms in freshwater syste...
Saved in:
Published in | Environmental science & technology Vol. 53; no. 5; pp. 2768 - 2777 |
---|---|
Main Authors | , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
United States
American Chemical Society
05.03.2019
|
Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
Cover
Loading…
Abstract | This study adds further critical information to the limited body of knowledge on the ameliorative ability of Australian dissolved organic carbon (DOC), reinforcing the importance of DOC source and concentration as significant factors controlling the risk copper poses to organisms in freshwater systems. The ameliorative ability of five unstudied DOCs on the chronic toxicity of copper to the tropical alga Chlorella sp. was compared. Sensitivity to copper varied dramatically; effect concentrations at the 50 percent effect level (EC50) increased by up to 22-fold in the high DOC treatment compared to controls and more than 2-fold between DOCs at the same concentration. The analytical techniques, diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) and Chelex column, were used to understand whether differences in copper toxicity could be explained by copper lability. Labile copper mirrored the trends seen in the toxicity tests; lability decreased with increasing DOC concentration and varied between DOCs at the same concentration. The equilibrium model, WHAM VII, was also used to better understand the role of the free copper ion on the toxicity observed. Disagreement between EC50 values derived using the WHAM-predicted free Cu2+ concentrations and agreement between DGT-labile and the maximum dynamic concentration (c max dyn) suggest free copper is not the sole contributor to toxicity and that the source of the specific DOCs also plays a role. |
---|---|
AbstractList | This study adds further critical information to the limited body of knowledge on the ameliorative ability of Australian dissolved organic carbon (DOC), reinforcing the importance of DOC source and concentration as significant factors controlling the risk copper poses to organisms in freshwater systems. The ameliorative ability of five unstudied DOCs on the chronic toxicity of copper to the tropical alga Chlorella sp. was compared. Sensitivity to copper varied dramatically; effect concentrations at the 50 percent effect level (EC
) increased by up to 22-fold in the high DOC treatment compared to controls and more than 2-fold between DOCs at the same concentration. The analytical techniques, diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) and Chelex column, were used to understand whether differences in copper toxicity could be explained by copper lability. Labile copper mirrored the trends seen in the toxicity tests; lability decreased with increasing DOC concentration and varied between DOCs at the same concentration. The equilibrium model, WHAM VII, was also used to better understand the role of the free copper ion on the toxicity observed. Disagreement between EC
values derived using the WHAM-predicted free Cu
concentrations and agreement between DGT-labile and the maximum dynamic concentration ( c
) suggest free copper is not the sole contributor to toxicity and that the source of the specific DOCs also plays a role. This study adds further critical information to the limited body of knowledge on the ameliorative ability of Australian dissolved organic carbon (DOC), reinforcing the importance of DOC source and concentration as significant factors controlling the risk copper poses to organisms in freshwater systems. The ameliorative ability of five unstudied DOCs on the chronic toxicity of copper to the tropical alga Chlorella sp. was compared. Sensitivity to copper varied dramatically; effect concentrations at the 50 percent effect level (EC50) increased by up to 22-fold in the high DOC treatment compared to controls and more than 2-fold between DOCs at the same concentration. The analytical techniques, diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) and Chelex column, were used to understand whether differences in copper toxicity could be explained by copper lability. Labile copper mirrored the trends seen in the toxicity tests; lability decreased with increasing DOC concentration and varied between DOCs at the same concentration. The equilibrium model, WHAM VII, was also used to better understand the role of the free copper ion on the toxicity observed. Disagreement between EC50 values derived using the WHAM-predicted free Cu2+ concentrations and agreement between DGT-labile and the maximum dynamic concentration (cmaxdyn) suggest free copper is not the sole contributor to toxicity and that the source of the specific DOCs also plays a role. This study adds further critical information to the limited body of knowledge on the ameliorative ability of Australian dissolved organic carbon (DOC), reinforcing the importance of DOC source and concentration as significant factors controlling the risk copper poses to organisms in freshwater systems. The ameliorative ability of five unstudied DOCs on the chronic toxicity of copper to the tropical alga Chlorella sp. was compared. Sensitivity to copper varied dramatically; effect concentrations at the 50 percent effect level (EC50) increased by up to 22-fold in the high DOC treatment compared to controls and more than 2-fold between DOCs at the same concentration. The analytical techniques, diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) and Chelex column, were used to understand whether differences in copper toxicity could be explained by copper lability. Labile copper mirrored the trends seen in the toxicity tests; lability decreased with increasing DOC concentration and varied between DOCs at the same concentration. The equilibrium model, WHAM VII, was also used to better understand the role of the free copper ion on the toxicity observed. Disagreement between EC50 values derived using the WHAM-predicted free Cu2+ concentrations and agreement between DGT-labile and the maximum dynamic concentration (c max dyn) suggest free copper is not the sole contributor to toxicity and that the source of the specific DOCs also plays a role. |
Author | Jolley, Dianne F Holland, Aleicia Macoustra, Gabriella Stauber, Jenny |
AuthorAffiliation | CSIRO Land and Water School of Chemistry, Centre for Molecular and Medical Biosciences School of Life Science, Department of Ecology, Environment and Evolution, Murray Darling Freshwater Research Centre |
AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: CSIRO Land and Water – name: School of Chemistry, Centre for Molecular and Medical Biosciences – name: School of Life Science, Department of Ecology, Environment and Evolution, Murray Darling Freshwater Research Centre |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Gabriella surname: Macoustra fullname: Macoustra, Gabriella organization: School of Chemistry, Centre for Molecular and Medical Biosciences – sequence: 2 givenname: Aleicia orcidid: 0000-0001-9418-2252 surname: Holland fullname: Holland, Aleicia email: a.holland2@latrobe.edu.au organization: CSIRO Land and Water – sequence: 3 givenname: Jenny surname: Stauber fullname: Stauber, Jenny organization: CSIRO Land and Water – sequence: 4 givenname: Dianne F orcidid: 0000-0003-1028-1603 surname: Jolley fullname: Jolley, Dianne F organization: School of Chemistry, Centre for Molecular and Medical Biosciences |
BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30695643$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
BookMark | eNp1kL1v2zAQxYkiQWMnnbsVBDoWcvghktJYKB8N4CSLU3QTjhIZ01BElZTaes8fXhp2vAUkeCDw3ru73xyd9L43CH2mZEEJo5fQxIWJ46LQJFdcfUAzKhjJRCHoCZoRQnlWcvnrDM1j3BBCGCfFR3TGiSyFzPkMvV5ba5oRe4t_QnB-ivgBxilAh69cjL77Y1r8GJ6hdw2uIGjf43QrPwwm4CVo17lxi6Fv8cr_c83uM3o8rg1eBT-4JgXdBBPXf2FMhnvXBA_dM-Bq3flgug5wHC7QqYUumk-Heo6ebq5X1Y9s-Xh7V31fZsAlHTNpRVpGSMY0M9wqKIm0xJZaCdkyrUCrlua8BCgUYbkRTVFwMDq9Jk-Hn6Ov-9wh-N9T4lZv_BT61LJmjEqmBFVFUl3uVWnUGIOx9RDcC4RtTUm9o14n6vXOfaCeHF8OuZN-Me1R_4Y5Cb7tBTvnsed7cf8BYc-QSg |
CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1016_j_chemosphere_2020_126465 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_scitotenv_2020_137827 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_envpol_2024_123680 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_biortech_2023_129352 crossref_primary_10_1002_etc_5038 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_watres_2022_119075 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ecoenv_2020_111346 crossref_primary_10_1002_etc_5177 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11356_022_19699_6 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_envpol_2020_115141 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_aquatox_2024_106963 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_chemosphere_2021_130598 crossref_primary_10_3389_fenvs_2021_630668 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11783_024_1806_5 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_scitotenv_2019_136393 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_scitotenv_2021_151201 crossref_primary_10_3389_fchem_2021_624511 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_biortech_2022_128496 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_envpol_2021_117627 crossref_primary_10_1002_etc_5722 crossref_primary_10_1039_D2EM00063F crossref_primary_10_1016_j_chemosphere_2020_128454 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_chemosphere_2023_140618 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_envpol_2022_120797 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ecoenv_2022_113336 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_scitotenv_2023_161870 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_scitotenv_2021_151219 crossref_primary_10_1021_acs_est_1c05408 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jallcom_2024_174642 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jes_2022_06_002 crossref_primary_10_1071_EN22037 |
Cites_doi | 10.1002/etc.5620201034 10.1016/0016-7037(88)90067-1 10.1021/es030566y 10.1002/etc.5620200118 10.1897/1551-5028(2001)020<1159:EONOMS>2.0.CO;2 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.10.011 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.06.120 10.1002/etc.5620210409 10.1016/S1532-0456(02)00083-2 10.1016/S0048-9697(98)00232-0 10.1071/CH04095 10.1371/journal.pone.0146021 10.1139/f93-291 10.1021/ac00115a005 10.1016/j.watres.2018.02.043 10.1021/es051246c 10.1071/EN05048 10.1021/es0496524 10.1016/j.aquatox.2011.02.015 10.1007/978-94-009-5095-5 10.1017/CBO9780511535598 10.1897/02-476 10.1016/j.aquatox.2011.03.007 10.1016/j.cbpc.2013.08.004 10.1016/j.watres.2017.06.044 10.1016/j.aquatox.2010.01.003 10.1038/srep20377 10.1071/EN14105 10.1007/978-3-319-24277-4 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.07.013 10.1071/EN15123 10.1021/es103330w 10.1007/s10646-011-0813-z 10.1021/acs.est.6b05533 10.1021/acs.est.7b05302 10.1016/j.aca.2005.10.071 10.1071/EN11049 10.1071/EN11084 10.1897/03-561.1 10.1016/0098-3004(94)90038-8 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2008.06.031 |
ContentType | Journal Article |
Copyright | Copyright American Chemical Society Mar 5, 2019 |
Copyright_xml | – notice: Copyright American Chemical Society Mar 5, 2019 |
DBID | NPM AAYXX CITATION 7QO 7ST 7T7 7U7 8FD C1K FR3 P64 SOI |
DOI | 10.1021/acs.est.8b04737 |
DatabaseName | PubMed CrossRef Biotechnology Research Abstracts Environment Abstracts Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A) Toxicology Abstracts Technology Research Database Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management Engineering Research Database Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts Environment Abstracts |
DatabaseTitle | PubMed CrossRef Biotechnology Research Abstracts Technology Research Database Toxicology Abstracts Engineering Research Database Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A) Environment Abstracts Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management |
DatabaseTitleList | PubMed Biotechnology Research Abstracts |
Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: NPM name: PubMed url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed sourceTypes: Index Database |
DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
Discipline | Engineering Environmental Sciences |
EISSN | 1520-5851 |
EndPage | 2777 |
ExternalDocumentID | 10_1021_acs_est_8b04737 30695643 d246470179 |
Genre | Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Journal Article |
GroupedDBID | - .K2 1AW 3R3 4R4 53G 55A 5GY 5VS 63O 7~N 85S AABXI ABFLS ABMVS ABOGM ABPPZ ABPTK ABUCX ABUFD ACGFS ACGOD ACIWK ACJ ACPRK ACS AEESW AENEX AFEFF AFRAH ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS AQSVZ BAANH BKOMP CS3 DZ EBS ED ED~ EJD F5P GNL IH9 JG JG~ K2 LG6 MS PQEST PQQKQ ROL RXW TN5 TWZ U5U UHB UI2 UKR UPT VF5 VG9 VQA W1F WH7 X XFK XZL YZZ --- -DZ -~X ..I .DC 4.4 6TJ AAHBH ABJNI ABQRX ADHLV ADUKH AGXLV AHGAQ CUPRZ GGK MS~ MW2 NPM XSW ZCA AAYXX CITATION 7QO 7ST 7T7 7U7 8FD C1K FR3 P64 SOI |
ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-a361t-6f59365622b2e3f7a906f0f9b756d2b7ab7d1439aa87024e5c883aeb883e4e4e3 |
IEDL.DBID | ACS |
ISSN | 0013-936X |
IngestDate | Thu Oct 10 16:30:00 EDT 2024 Fri Aug 23 00:38:11 EDT 2024 Wed Oct 16 00:52:04 EDT 2024 Thu Aug 27 13:43:29 EDT 2020 |
IsPeerReviewed | true |
IsScholarly | true |
Issue | 5 |
Language | English |
LinkModel | DirectLink |
MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-a361t-6f59365622b2e3f7a906f0f9b756d2b7ab7d1439aa87024e5c883aeb883e4e4e3 |
ORCID | 0000-0001-9418-2252 0000-0003-1028-1603 |
PMID | 30695643 |
PQID | 2216275178 |
PQPubID | 45412 |
PageCount | 10 |
ParticipantIDs | proquest_journals_2216275178 crossref_primary_10_1021_acs_est_8b04737 pubmed_primary_30695643 acs_journals_10_1021_acs_est_8b04737 |
ProviderPackageCode | JG~ 55A AABXI GNL VF5 7~N ACJ VG9 W1F ACS AEESW AFEFF .K2 ABMVS ABUCX IH9 BAANH AQSVZ ED~ UI2 |
PublicationCentury | 2000 |
PublicationDate | 20190305 2019-03-05 |
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2019-03-05 |
PublicationDate_xml | – month: 03 year: 2019 text: 20190305 day: 05 |
PublicationDecade | 2010 |
PublicationPlace | United States |
PublicationPlace_xml | – name: United States – name: Easton |
PublicationTitle | Environmental science & technology |
PublicationTitleAlternate | Environ. Sci. Technol |
PublicationYear | 2019 |
Publisher | American Chemical Society |
Publisher_xml | – name: American Chemical Society |
References | ref9/cit9 ref6/cit6 ref3/cit3 ref27/cit27 ref18/cit18 ref11/cit11 ref25/cit25 ref16/cit16 Thompson A. S. (ref28/cit28) 1988 U.S. Environmental Protection (ref29/cit29) 2002 ref32/cit32 ref23/cit23 Wickham H. (ref36/cit36) 2016 ref39/cit39 ref14/cit14 ref8/cit8 ref5/cit5 ref31/cit31 ref2/cit2 ref43/cit43 ref34/cit34 ref40/cit40 Campbell P. G. C. (ref45/cit45) 1995 ref20/cit20 Litchfield J. T. (ref37/cit37) 1949; 96 ref17/cit17 ref10/cit10 ref26/cit26 ref35/cit35 ref19/cit19 ref21/cit21 ref12/cit12 ref15/cit15 ref42/cit42 ref46/cit46 ref41/cit41 ref22/cit22 ref13/cit13 ref33/cit33 ref30/cit30 ref47/cit47 ref24/cit24 ref38/cit38 Thurman E. M. (ref1/cit1) 1985 Tipping E. (ref4/cit4) 2002 ref44/cit44 ref7/cit7 |
References_xml | – ident: ref25/cit25 doi: 10.1002/etc.5620201034 – ident: ref5/cit5 doi: 10.1016/0016-7037(88)90067-1 – ident: ref9/cit9 doi: 10.1021/es030566y – ident: ref31/cit31 doi: 10.1002/etc.5620200118 – ident: ref41/cit41 doi: 10.1897/1551-5028(2001)020<1159:EONOMS>2.0.CO;2 – ident: ref12/cit12 doi: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.10.011 – ident: ref6/cit6 doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.06.120 – ident: ref30/cit30 doi: 10.1002/etc.5620210409 – ident: ref33/cit33 doi: 10.1016/S1532-0456(02)00083-2 – ident: ref40/cit40 doi: 10.1016/S0048-9697(98)00232-0 – ident: ref17/cit17 doi: 10.1071/CH04095 – ident: ref35/cit35 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146021 – ident: ref3/cit3 doi: 10.1139/f93-291 – ident: ref32/cit32 doi: 10.1021/ac00115a005 – ident: ref16/cit16 doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.02.043 – ident: ref21/cit21 doi: 10.1021/es051246c – ident: ref20/cit20 doi: 10.1071/EN05048 – volume-title: Agency Methods for Measuring the Acute Toxicity of Effluents and Receiving Waters to Freshwater and Marine Organisms year: 2002 ident: ref29/cit29 contributor: fullname: U.S. Environmental Protection – volume: 96 start-page: 99 issue: 2 year: 1949 ident: ref37/cit37 publication-title: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. contributor: fullname: Litchfield J. T. – volume-title: Metal Speciation and bioavailability in aquatic systems year: 1995 ident: ref45/cit45 contributor: fullname: Campbell P. G. C. – ident: ref24/cit24 doi: 10.1021/es0496524 – ident: ref2/cit2 doi: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2011.02.015 – volume-title: Organic Geochemistry of Natural Waters year: 1985 ident: ref1/cit1 doi: 10.1007/978-94-009-5095-5 contributor: fullname: Thurman E. M. – volume-title: Cation binding by humic substances year: 2002 ident: ref4/cit4 doi: 10.1017/CBO9780511535598 contributor: fullname: Tipping E. – ident: ref39/cit39 doi: 10.1897/02-476 – ident: ref43/cit43 doi: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2011.03.007 – ident: ref34/cit34 – volume-title: Culture Collection of Algae and Protozoa. Catalogue of Strains year: 1988 ident: ref28/cit28 contributor: fullname: Thompson A. S. – ident: ref10/cit10 doi: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2013.08.004 – ident: ref42/cit42 doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.06.044 – ident: ref47/cit47 doi: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2010.01.003 – ident: ref13/cit13 doi: 10.1038/srep20377 – ident: ref18/cit18 doi: 10.1071/EN14105 – volume-title: ggplot2: Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis year: 2016 ident: ref36/cit36 doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-24277-4 contributor: fullname: Wickham H. – ident: ref38/cit38 doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.07.013 – ident: ref14/cit14 doi: 10.1071/EN15123 – ident: ref27/cit27 – ident: ref15/cit15 doi: 10.1021/es103330w – ident: ref11/cit11 doi: 10.1007/s10646-011-0813-z – ident: ref26/cit26 doi: 10.1021/acs.est.6b05533 – ident: ref7/cit7 doi: 10.1021/acs.est.7b05302 – ident: ref19/cit19 doi: 10.1016/j.aca.2005.10.071 – ident: ref22/cit22 doi: 10.1071/EN11049 – ident: ref44/cit44 doi: 10.1071/EN11084 – ident: ref8/cit8 doi: 10.1897/03-561.1 – ident: ref23/cit23 doi: 10.1016/0098-3004(94)90038-8 – ident: ref46/cit46 doi: 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2008.06.031 |
SSID | ssj0002308 |
Score | 2.4859848 |
Snippet | This study adds further critical information to the limited body of knowledge on the ameliorative ability of Australian dissolved organic carbon (DOC),... |
SourceID | proquest crossref pubmed acs |
SourceType | Aggregation Database Index Database Publisher |
StartPage | 2768 |
SubjectTerms | Chlorella Chronic toxicity Concentration gradient Copper Dissolved organic carbon Freshwater organisms Lability Risk factors Risk management Thin films Toxicity Toxicity testing |
Title | Effect of Various Natural Dissolved Organic Carbon on Copper Lability and Toxicity to the Tropical Freshwater Microalga Chlorella sp |
URI | http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b04737 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30695643 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2216275178 |
Volume | 53 |
hasFullText | 1 |
inHoldings | 1 |
isFullTextHit | |
isPrint | |
link | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwjV1Nb9QwELWgXOBAoVBYWpAPPXDJsraT2DlWoasKQS9s0d4i2xmrVVEcJVk-eu4PZ5xkd4GqAiWKlMgaWc545o0884aQIycgdVIlkcnARbFxuOfAskiVwJQxwMD22RZn6el5_GGZLLdk0X-f4HP2Ttt2igZyqswslkLeJw84esUQZx3nnzdGF5G0WjcryES63LD43BIQ3JBt_3RDd2DL3sfMd4fsrLanJgypJVfTVWem9vo2ceO_p_-EPB6RJj0eVOMpuQfVHnn0G__gHtk_2Za54dBxn7fPyM1Aaky9o18wmParlp7pnqGDvr8M6voNSjqUcVqa68b4iuKd-7qGhn4cuL9_Ul2VdOF_XNrw0nmKYJMuGl8HxaBzDPQvviPUbeinkBUYikpofvHVNyEhi7b1c3I-P1nkp9HYryHSImVdlLrQHhABFTcchJM6m6Vu5jIjk7TkRmojS4RnmdZoJHgMiVVKaDD4hBgvsU92Kl_BS0KVS4TVzEoFEGp9jQCHthWNCWegVDkhR7iwxbjf2qI_SuesCB9xtYtxtSfk7fovF_XA3nH30MO1FmzFcs4CizOTakJeDJqxkYOxFsaWsXj1f1M5IA8Ra2V9-lpySHa6ZgWvEc905k2vyb8AKF_xvA |
link.rule.ids | 315,786,790,2782,27107,27955,27956,57091,57141 |
linkProvider | American Chemical Society |
linkToHtml | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwlV1Lj9MwEB4tywE48FhYKCzgwx64pNRxEjtHFLYq0K2E6KLeIjsZa1eLkihJeZ354YyTtOWhlUCJIsWyRo4znvlGnvkMcGwFRlaq0DMxWi8wltYcZtxTOXJlDHLMumyLRTQ7C96uwtUeTDa1MDSIhiQ13Sb-jl2Av3RtZCfHykwCKeQ1uB5K8nUODCUftraXALXanFkQi2i1JfP5S4DzRlnzuze6AmJ2rmZ6B95vB9llmFyO160ZZ9__4G_8n6-4C7cH3Mle9YpyD_awOIBbv7ARHsDhya7ojboOq765Dz96imNWWvaRQuty3bCF7vg62OsLp7yfMWd9UWfGEl2bsmB0J2VVYc3mPRP4N6aLnC3LrxeZe2lLRtCTLeuycmrCphT2n38h4FuzU5cj6EpMWHL-qaxdehZrqgdwNj1ZJjNvOL3B0yLirRdZd1ggwSvf-Cis1PEkshMbGxlGuW-kNjInsBZrTSbDDzDMlBIaDT0xoEscwn5RFvgImLKhyDTPpEJ0lb9GoCVLS6bF56hUPoJjmth0WH1N2m2s-zx1jTTb6TDbI3ix-dlp1XN5XN31aKMMO7G-zx2nM5dqBA97BdnKociLIs1APP63oTyHG7Pl6Tydv1m8ewI3CYXFXWJbeAT7bb3Gp4R0WvOsU-6fnjP6Jw |
linkToPdf | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwlV1Nb9QwELWgSAgOFAqFpQV86IFLlnWcxM6xSrsqUFZI7KK9RbYzVquiOEqyfJ354R0n2W0BVQIlihTLGjnOzPiNPPNMyIHlkFgh40CnYINIW7Q5MCyQBTCpNTAwXbbFLDlZRO-W8XIoCvO1MDiIBiU13Sa-t-qqsAPDAHvj29FXjqWeRIKL2-ROLFjkzfEw-7Txvwiq5frcgpQnyw2hz18C_Ipkmt9XpBtgZrfcTLfJYjPQLsvkYrxq9dj8_IPD8X-_5CF5MOBPetgrzCNyC8odcv8aK-EO2T2-Kn7DroP1N4_Jr57qmDpLP2OI7VYNnamOt4MenXsl_goF7Ys7Dc1UrV1J8c5cVUFNT3tG8B9UlQWdu-_nxr-0jiIEpfPaVV5d6BTD_7NvCIBr-sHnCvpSE5qdfXG1T9OiTfWELKbH8-wkGE5xCBRPWBsk1h8aiDAr1CFwK1Q6SezEplrESRFqobQoELSlSqHrCCOIjZRcgcYnRHjxXbJVuhKeESptzI1iRkgAXwGsOVj0uOhiQgZSFiNygBObD1bY5N0Ge8hy34iznQ-zPSKv1z88r3pOj5u77q8V4kpsGDLP7cyEHJGnvZJs5GAEhhFnxJ__21Bekbsfj6b56dvZ-z1yD8FY2uW3xftkq61X8AIBT6tfdvp9CZ43_KE |
openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Effect+of+Various+Natural+Dissolved+Organic+Carbon+on+Copper+Lability+and+Toxicity+to+the+Tropical+Freshwater+Microalga+Chlorella+sp&rft.jtitle=Environmental+science+%26+technology&rft.au=Macoustra%2C+Gabriella&rft.au=Holland%2C+Aleicia&rft.au=Stauber%2C+Jenny&rft.au=Jolley%2C+Dianne+F.&rft.date=2019-03-05&rft.issn=0013-936X&rft.eissn=1520-5851&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=2768&rft.epage=2777&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Facs.est.8b04737&rft.externalDBID=n%2Fa&rft.externalDocID=10_1021_acs_est_8b04737 |
thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0013-936X&client=summon |
thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0013-936X&client=summon |
thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0013-936X&client=summon |