Clinical Perspectives on Autobiographical Memory

• Main Authors: Watson, Lynn A., Berntsen, Dorthe
• Format: eBook Book
• Language: English
• Published: Cambridge Cambridge University Press 2015
• Edition: 1
• Subjects: Autobiographical memory; PSYCHOLOGY / Cognitive Psychology. bisacsh

Autobiographical memory plays a key role in psychological well-being, and the field has been investigated from multiple perspectives for over thirty years. One large body of research has examined the basic mechanisms and characteristics of autobiographical memory during general cognition, and anothe...

Table of Contents:

• Positive trauma outcomes: posttraumatic growth -- The relationship between event centrality and posttraumatic growth -- A double-edged sword: event centrality predicts both PTSD and PTG -- Conclusions: the role of narrative in posttrauma outcomes -- References -- 5 Child maltreatment and autobiographical memory development: emotion regulation and trauma-related psychopathology -- Childhood maltreatment and trauma-related psychopathology -- PTSD -- Dissociative disorders -- Depression -- Conclusion -- Neurobiological perspectives on trauma and autobiographical memory development -- Theoretical issues related to emotion regulation, trauma-related psychopathology, and autobiographical memory in maltreated children and adults -- Heightened autobiographical memory for negative experiences -- Survival processing -- Christianson's model -- Foas "fear network" theory -- Impaired autobiographical memory for negative experiences -- Dissociation and repression -- Orienting versus defensive responses -- Overgeneral memory -- Our approach -- Attachment and autobiographical memory model -- Research on emotion regulation, trauma-related psychopathology, and autobiographical memory in child maltreatment victims -- Conclusion -- Conclusion -- References -- Part II Intrusive and involuntary memories -- 6 Intrusive reexperiencing in posttraumatic stress disorder: memory processes and their implications for therapy -- What is reexperiencing? -- Range of reexperiencing symptoms -- Which moments from the trauma are reexperienced? -- Conclusions and implications for therapy -- Do traumatized people with and without PTSD differ in their reexperiencing symptoms? -- Why do so many stimuli trigger reexperiencing in PTSD? -- Associative learning of memory triggers -- Perceptual priming -- Perceptual processing during trauma -- Conclusions and clinical implications
• Level 2: agency -- Level 3: direct evaluations -- Level 4: reflective evaluations -- Level 5: listener orientation -- Dramatizing use of several levels of narrative induces transportation into the story world -- Autobiographical memory narratives in psychological disorders -- Depression -- Posttraumatic stress disorder -- Anxiety disorders -- Personality disorders -- Autobiographical memory narratives in the course of insight-oriented psychotherapy -- References -- 14 Self-images and autobiographical memory in memory impairment -- Autobiographical memory and the self -- Organization of memories across the lifespan -- The IAM Task -- The self in memory impairment -- Amnesia -- Transient epileptic amnesia -- Schizophrenia -- Autism -- The importance of personal continuity -- Conclusions -- New directions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 15 Experimentally examining the role of self-identity in posttraumatic stress disorder -- Self-identity in models of PTSD -- The self-memory system -- Overgeneral memory -- Trauma centrality -- Self-defining memories -- Self-appraisals and PTSD -- Mental death -- Self-efficacy -- Conclusion -- References -- 16 The role of self during autobiographical remembering and psychopathology: evidence from philosophical, behavioral, neural, and cultural investigations -- What is self? A historical review -- The self within autobiographical memory -- Self-discrepancy and psychopathology -- Self-relevance and psychopathology -- The role of self-discrepancy and self-relevance in psychopathology: implications for memory retrieval -- Self-identity, culture, and psychopathology -- Conclusions -- References -- Part V Discussion -- 17 Autobiographical memory in clinical disorders: a final discussion -- Overgeneral memories -- Intrusive memories and flashback -- Autobiographical knowledge and autobiographical events
• Cover -- Half-title -- Title page -- Copyright information -- Table of contents -- List of figures -- List of tables -- List of contributors -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- 1 Introduction -- Trauma and autobiographical memory -- Intrusive and involuntary memories -- Overgeneral autobiographical memories and their mechanisms -- Autobiographical memory, identity, and psychological well-being -- Discussion -- References -- Part I Trauma and autobiographical memory -- 2 The complex fabric of trauma and autobiographical memory -- The specificity of trauma memories -- Intrusions -- Mode of processing -- Role of arousal -- Neural mechanisms relevant to trauma memories -- Role of sex -- Memory reconsolidation -- Role of rumination -- Vantage point -- Narrowed attention and trauma memories -- Role of identity -- Toward integration of a model of trauma memories -- References -- 3 A basic systems account of trauma memories in PTSD: is more needed? -- Autobiographical memories are constructed -- The basic system model as an account of the construction of autobiographical memory -- Neuropsychological results -- Neuroimaging results -- Behavioral results -- Differences in the construction of voluntary and involuntary memories of trauma in PTSD -- Behavioral differences in trauma memories -- Behavioral differences in PTSD -- Behavioral differences in involuntary memories -- Behavioral differences when multiple dimensions are considered -- Behavioral difference: conclusions and implications -- Are special autobiographical memory mechanisms needed? -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 4 Construing trauma as a double-edged sword: how narrative components of autobiographical memory relate to devastation and growth from trauma -- The role of cognition and autobiographical memory in PTSD -- Event centrality and PTSD
• The characteristics of everyday autobiographical involuntary memories -- How do involuntary autobiographical memories come to mind? -- How the findings may help us to understand intrusive memories -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Part III Overgeneral autobiographical memories and their mechanisms -- 10 Overgeneral autobiographical memories and their relationship to rumination -- Introduction -- Rumination -- Rumination causally influences overgeneral autobiographical memory -- Rumination causally influences overgeneralization -- Abstract processing causally influences rumination and its consequences -- Targeting abstract processing reduces rumination and depression -- Common theoretical constructs between rumination and overgeneral memory: discrepancy and hierarchy -- Conclusion -- References -- 11 Overgeneral memory in borderline personality disorder -- Introduction -- Studies on OGM in relation to BPD -- OGM in BPD patients -- OGM in relation to diagnostic status, severity of psychopathology, and BPD-related symptoms -- OGM in relation to socio-demographics and AMT characteristics in BPD patients -- Methodological issues -- Conclusions and directions for future studies -- References -- 12 Difficulties remembering the past and envisioning the future in people with trauma histories or complicated grief -- Overgeneral memory in PTSD -- Overgeneral memory and memories of childhood sexual abuse -- Distorted and false autobiographical memories -- Complicated grief -- Conclusions -- References -- Part IV Autobiographical memory, identity, and psychological well-being -- 13 A model of psychopathological distortions of autobiographical memory narratives: an emotion narrative view -- Autobiographical memories and narratives -- Homologous structures of narrative and emotion -- A unified model of clinically relevant narrative levels -- Level 1: narrativity
• Why does the memory content appear to happen in the "here and now"? -- Conclusions and clinical implications -- Autobiographical memories and distressing meanings of trauma -- Recall of trauma memories -- Perceived permanent change and overgeneral autobiographical memory -- Conclusions and implications for therapy -- Why does reexperiencing persist? -- Conclusions and implications for therapy -- Conclusions and future directions -- Acknowledgment -- References -- 7 Mental imagery in psychopathology: from the lab to the clinic -- Mental imagery, emotion, and autobiographical memory -- Flashbacks in the laboratory -- Memory encoding: cognitive tasks during a trauma film -- Memory consolidation: cognitive tasks soon after a trauma film -- Mechanisms of flashback reduction -- Clinical implications and future directions -- Adaptations to the trauma film paradigm -- Cognitive bias modification -- Cognitive bias modification and the clinic -- Discussion and conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 8 Intrusive, involuntary memories in depression -- Intrusive memories as a shared feature of PTSD and depression -- Comparing intrusive memories in PTSD and depression: some methodological considerations -- Drawing on models of PTSD to understand the nature and management of intrusive memories in depression -- Intrusive and involuntary memories -- Moving forward -- Summary and conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 9 From everyday life to trauma: research on everyday involuntary memories advances our understanding of intrusive memories of trauma -- Involuntary memories conceived as a stress response: theoretical origins and evidence -- Poor intentional recall of trauma memories? -- Enhanced involuntary recall of trauma memories? -- Intrusive and everyday involuntary memories: how are they related?
• Future directions