Do All Roads Lead to China?: Scholarship of Chinese Commercial Law in the Past Decade (Part 1)

China's recent development of a modern legal system coupled with unparalleled economic growth have drawn substantial attention from commercial law scholars. This review summarizes Chinese- and English-language commercial law academic literature from the past decade contributed by both Chinese a...

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Published inChina review (Hong Kong, China : 1991) Vol. 16; no. 2; pp. 165 - 196
Main Authors Wei, Shen, Watters, Casey G.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Hong Kong 中文大學出版社 01.06.2016
The Chinese University Press
The Chinese University of Hong Kong Press
Chinese University Press
Subjects
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN1680-2012
1015-6607

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Abstract China's recent development of a modern legal system coupled with unparalleled economic growth have drawn substantial attention from commercial law scholars. This review summarizes Chinese- and English-language commercial law academic literature from the past decade contributed by both Chinese and non-Chinese scholars while discussing their different focuses, approaches, and methodologies. China's use of vague laws that rely upon implementation rules resulted in a substantial proportion of articles focusing on policy discussions and comparison to foreign approaches. Subsequently, a common theme in both Chinese and English literature was transplantation of foreign law. Chinese scholars often took a nationalistic approach, primarily assessing laws on their impact on China, whereas non-Chinese scholars advocated the adoption of foreign laws or legal structures to create clear standards and provide certainty for investors, which in turn is believed to facilitate continued growth of the Chinese economy. The literature is grouped into subject categories, allowing for discussion of important works and representative articles from leaders in their respective fields.
AbstractList China's recent development of a modern legal system coupled with unparalleled economic growth have drawn substantial attention from commercial law scholars. This review summarizes Chinese- and English-language commercial law academic literature from the past decade contributed by both Chinese and non-Chinese scholars while discussing their different focuses, approaches, and methodologies. China's use of vague laws that rely upon implementation rules resulted in a substantial proportion of articles focusing on policy discussions and comparison to foreign approaches. Subsequently, a common theme in both Chinese and English literature was transplantation of foreign law. Chinese scholars often took a nationalistic approach, primarily assessing laws on their impact on China, whereas non-Chinese scholars advocated the adoption of foreign laws or legal structures to create clear standards and provide certainty for investors, which in turn is believed to facilitate continued growth of the Chinese economy. The literature is grouped into subject categories, allowing for discussion of important works and representative articles from leaders in their respective fields.
Aside from local "open government" regulations, China's first major attempt at increasing transparency, the Regulation of the People's Republic of China on Open Government Information, was adopted by the State Council in 2007 largely for economic reasons in an effort to provide information necessary for economic development.14 In 2014, the State Council General Office issued a set of annual priorities regarding disclosure which emphasized disclosure of regulatory decisions.15 The approach, supporting those who advocate transplanting foreign legal regimes, was similar to President Obama's 2011 Presidential Memorandum on Regulatory Compliance.16 It nonetheless operates within the Chinese system and local governments, utilizing the provision's requirement a party have "special need" for information regarding a penalized party, have been reluctant to disclose requested information.17 Driven in part by the lack of cases and empirical data, publications tend to respond to particular developments in the law that allow policy arguments and increased conjecture. [...]implementation and interpretations of key commercial statutes-the company law, contract law, enterprise bankruptcy law, and securities law, to name a few-are followed by publications explaining or criticizing the development. Securities investment and banks compose the two main mechanisms for generating capital and therefore play vital roles in a developed economy. a.Banking Law The state-owned banking sector remains the main target of academic research, with a number of empirical studies highlighting the negative economic impacts of state-owned banks.33 For example, SOEs often receive substantial preference in the borrowing process by receiving highrisk loans and low interest rates-a phenomenon resulting in an abundance of nonperforming loans.34 Private firms, on the other hand, are more likely to face political discrimination and tend to gain their competitive edges by bonding with commercial banks through holding significant ownership.35 Bonding helps relax the financing constraints and allows the private firm similar benefits as SOEs such as lower interest rates and easier access to short-term loans when the government monetary policy is tight.36 Minority foreign ownership is an instrument to improve the efficiency of Chinese banks.37 Empirical findings show minority foreign ownership in the Big Four significantly improved performance and illustrated the value of ownership diversification, thereby providing a foundation for further banking reform through increased foreign minority ownership. China is even positioned to allow cross-listing of foreign enterprises on Chinese markets.76 Cross-listing is also an effective corporate governance tool on which Chinese firms can rely to improve their corporate governance and corporate performance.77 The underlying logic is that by "piggybacking" on an exchange in a jurisdiction with more stringent financial regulations and more effective oversight, Chinese firms through overseas listing can strengthen their corporate governance regime by making use of a more vibrant capital market and rights-oriented corporate law regime overseas.78 Overseas listings creates a bonding effect, which helps a large number of Chinese firms to implement more stringent accounting rules, higher disclosure standards, and more user-friendly minority shareholder protection rules or mechanisms.79 Businesses domiciled in developed countries cross-listing in China or other emerging markets runs contrary to the "legal bonding" hypothesis, which states that listing in the United States or jurisdictions with higher regulatory standards reassures investors and allows listed companies to demand a higher premium for shares.80 In fact, when US companies list on foreign exchanges, the shares "exhibit negative abnormal returns. [...]China became the second largest country in terms of the number of Fortune Global 500 companies, right after the United States.
Author Casey G. Watters
Shen Wei
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SubjectTerms Bank loans
Banking reforms
Banking regulation
Business structures
Chinese languages
Civil law
Commercial law
Commercial regulation
Corporate regulation
Economic crisis
Economic growth
Economic reform
Economic regulation
Financial investments
Foreign investment
International finance
Law
Law schools
Market economies
Property rights
Regulation of financial institutions
Shadow banks
Shakespeare, William (1564-1616)
Sovereign wealth funds
State-of-the-Field Review
Trends
Zhang Ming
Title Do All Roads Lead to China?: Scholarship of Chinese Commercial Law in the Past Decade (Part 1)
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