The science of citizen science
This open access book discusses how the involvement of citizens into scientific endeavors is expected to contribute to solve the big challenges of our time, such as climate change and the loss of biodiversity, growing inequalities within and between societies, and the sustainability turn. The field...
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| Main Author | |
|---|---|
| Format | eBook Book |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Cham
Springer
2021
Springer Nature Springer International Publishing AG European Commission 2020 COST |
| Edition | 1 |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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Table of Contents:
- The Science of Citizen Science -- Contents -- Chapter 1: Editorial: The Science of Citizen Science Evolves -- What Is Citizen Science? -- The Emergence of the COST Action Research Network -- Part I: Citizen Science as Science -- Part II: Citizen Science in Society -- Part III: Citizen Science in Practice -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 2: What Is Citizen Science? The Challenges of Definition -- Introduction -- The Challenges and Dimensions of Definitions -- Different Interpretations of Citizen Science in Europe -- Definitions in Practice -- Definitions in Different Contexts -- Learning from the Plurality of Definitions -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3: Citizen Science in Europe -- The Rise of Citizen Science in Europe -- A Diverse Citizen Science Landscape -- Citizen Science in Western and Northern Europe -- Citizen Science in Central and Eastern Europe -- Citizen Science in Southern Europe and the Balkans -- European-Level Support for Citizen Science -- EU Funding for Citizen Science -- Emerging European Citizen Science Networks -- The European Citizen Science Association -- Doing It Together Science (DITOs) Project -- Challenges and Opportunities -- Recommendations for Future Developments -- References -- Part I: Citizen Science as Science -- Chapter 4: Science as a Commons: Improving the Governance of Knowledge Through Citizen Science -- Introduction -- Citizen Science and the Commons: Old and Entangled Concepts -- Science and Knowledge: Networks of Cooperation -- Citizen Science Highlighting the Social Structure of Science -- The Core of Citizen Science Methodologies -- Knowledge as a Commons for Better Governance of (Citizen) Science -- Commons: Beyond Public Goods -- From Natural Commons to Knowledge as a Commons -- Citizen Science as a Commons -- Monitoring Cooperation -- Challenges -- Future Trends and Recommendations
- References -- Chapter 5: Citizen Science in the Natural Sciences -- Introduction -- History -- Research Approaches -- Scientific Achievements -- Societal Outcomes -- Challenges -- Relevance, Future Trends, and Recommendations -- References -- Chapter 6: Citizen Humanities -- Introduction -- History -- Types of Citizen Humanities -- Citizen Humanities in Different Disciplines -- Archaeology and History -- Linguistics -- Interdisciplinary Projects -- Platforms -- Implementing Citizen Humanities -- Gamification -- Artificial Intelligence and Big Data -- Unique Methods -- Challenges -- Objectivity and Biases -- Participant Training and Retention -- Digitalisation -- Added Value of the Citizen Humanities -- Tapping Local Knowledge and Critical Reflection -- Relevance -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 7: Citizen Social Science: New and Established Approaches to Participation in Social Research -- `Citizen Social Science´: A New Term or Old Hat? -- The Epistemic Foundations of Citizen Social Science -- Boundaries and Overlaps with Citizen Science -- Academic Interpretations of Citizen Social Science -- What Are the Key Issues for Citizen Social Science? -- What Does Citizen Social Science Add to the Fields of Social Science and Citizen Science? -- References -- Chapter 8: Data Quality in Citizen Science -- Introduction -- Data as a Risk Factor in Citizen Science Projects -- Data Quality Issues in Citizen Science Projects -- Data Collection Protocols Are Not Followed by Participants -- Data Collection Protocols Do Not Match the Goals of the Project or the Probable Participants -- Data Collection Protocols Are Incorrectly Implemented -- Data Collection Protocols Are Not Comprehensive and Are Used by Stakeholders with Different Data Quality Expectation Levels -- Data Used Are Not Fit for Purpose
- The Role of Mediation and Participatory Meetings -- Participation Tools and Channels -- Discussion -- Further Reading -- References -- Chapter 12: Citizen Science, Health, and Environmental Justice -- Introduction -- Controversies at the Interface of Citizen Science and Health -- Environmental Justice -- The Relationships, History, and Development of Citizen Science, Health, and Environmental Justice -- The Relationships Between Citizen Science and Health -- The Relationships Between Citizen Science and Environmental Justice -- The Current Landscape -- Task Type -- Research Focus -- Participation Models -- Challenges -- Addressing Health Disparity -- Gaps in the Ability to Volunteer -- Neoliberal Transfer of Responsibility -- Privacy -- Interoperability -- Disparity and Power Imbalance -- Relevance, Future Trends, and Recommendations -- Relevance and Future Trends -- Recommendations -- References -- Part II: Citizen Science in Society -- Chapter 13: Participants in Citizen Science -- Introduction -- Increased Scrutiny of Participants -- Involvement of Citizens -- Levels of Engagement -- Motivation to Participate -- Benefits and Outcomes for Participants -- Participants´ Challenges and Recommendations for Project Leaders -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 14: Inclusiveness and Diversity in Citizen Science -- Introduction -- Inclusiveness in Citizen Science: Gaps and Trends -- Inclusive Approaches in European Commission Research Initiatives -- Multifaceted Inclusiveness in the COST Action Programme -- The D-NOSES Inclusive Engagement Model -- DITOs: Addressing Gender and Inclusiveness -- Recommendations -- Challenges and Future Trends -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 15: Learning in Citizen Science -- Introduction -- Mapping the Field -- Formal Education -- Out-of-School Education -- Local and Global Communities -- Families -- Museums
- Online Citizen Science -- Personal Journeys in Citizen Science and Learning -- Personal Journeys into the Field (Boxes 15.1, 15.2, 15.3, 15.4, 15.5, and 15.6) -- Our Emerging Community of Practice: Opportunities and Challenges -- Challenges for Education and Citizen Science -- Tensions Arising from Citizen Science Projects in Educational Settings -- Training Requirements for Citizen Science Projects -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 16: Citizen Science Case Studies and Their Impacts on Social Innovation -- Introduction -- Conceptualising Social Innovation: History and Current Developments -- Linking Social Innovation and Citizen Science -- Citizen Science Case Studies and Social Innovation -- Case Study A: Extreme Citizen Science Projects and Technologies for Social Innovation -- Case Study B: Breathe Brno and `Can I Breathe?´ - Citizen Projects Promoting Air Quality -- Case Study C: Fortepan - Online Crowdsourced Photo Collection Documenting the Twentieth Century -- Case Study D: INVOLEN - Intergenerational Learning for Nature Conservation Volunteers -- Case E: Improve My City - Direct Citizen-Government Communication and Collaboration -- Challenges, Recommendations, and Future Trends -- References -- Chapter 17: Science as a Lever: The Roles and Power of Civil Society Organisations in Citizen Science -- CSOs as Key Agents of Transformative Research -- CSOs in Citizen Science -- The Roles and Power of CSOs in Participatory Research: Two Case Studies -- Environmental Health and Nuclear Risk: Pluralist Expert Groups -- Occupational Health and Safety: Between Academia and New Social Movements -- Evolving Roles and Relations -- Challenges for CSOs in Citizen Science -- The Power of Transformative Research: Future Perspectives -- References -- Chapter 18: Citizen Science and Policy -- Introduction -- Background -- Underlying Structures
- Clarifying Concepts: Policy-Politics-Polity
- Validation and Verification of Data in Citizen Science Projects -- When Does Validation Occur? -- Data Quality Assurance and Control in Citizen Science -- Conclusions and Recommendations -- References -- Chapter 9: A Conceptual Model for Participants and Activities in Citizen Science Projects -- Introduction -- Towards a Conceptual Model for Citizen Science -- Stakeholders -- Methodology -- Related Conceptual Models -- Conceptual Models of Projects and Participants -- Conceptual Models of Project Outcomes -- The Proposed Conceptual Model for Citizen Science -- Project Description -- Participation and Activity Description -- Application in Case Studies -- Instantiation of Projects -- Deployment of the Conceptual Model -- JRC Citizen Science Project Inventory -- Participatory Toponym Handling Project -- Roadmap for Future Research and Use -- References -- Chapter 10: Machine Learning in Citizen Science: Promises and Implications -- Introduction -- Learning Paradigms in ML -- Examples of ML in Citizen Science -- Challenges and Opportunities of Using ML -- Epistemological and Ethical Challenges -- Making ML More Transparent -- Lessons Learnt -- Future Trends, Recommendations, and Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 11: Participation and Co-creation in Citizen Science -- Introduction -- Articulating Citizen Co-creation in Research -- Case Study 1: OpenSystems - Participatory Design in Citizen Social Science -- Case Study 2: Kubus Science Shop at Technische Universität Berlin (TUB) -- Case Study 3: Procomuns - PAR and Co-creation of Public Policies -- Case Study 4: The Duchenne Project - When a CSO Leads the Research Process -- Core Principles and Practices -- Co-define and Address Real-World Problems -- Shared Language and Visual Thinking -- Building the Research Community: Frameworks, Ethics, and Collaborative Decision-Making