Bats and Human Health Ebola, SARS, Rabies and Beyond

• Main Author: Beltz, Lisa A
• Format: eBook
• Language: English
• Published: Newark Wiley 2017; John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated; Wiley-Blackwell
• Edition: 1
• Subjects: Animals as carriers of disease; Bats; Diseases

An important resource that reviews the various infectious diseases that affect bats and bat populations Bats and Human Health: Ebola, SARS, Rabies and Beyond covers existing literature on viral, bacterial, protozoan, and fungal infections of bats and how these infections affect bat populations. The...

Table of Contents:

• 3.3 HENIPAVIRUSES IN BATS -- 3.3.1 Henipaviruses in bats from Oceania and Southeast Asia -- 3.3.2 Henipaviruses and bats from Africa -- 3.3.3 Henipaviruses in bats from Madagascar -- 3.3.4 Henipavirus proteins and infection of bats -- 3.4 HENDRA VIRUS -- 3.4.1 Hendra virus in Australian bats, horses, and humans -- 3.4.2 Factors affecting levels of Hendra viruses in bats and the potential for zoonotic transmission -- 3.5 NIPAH VIRUS -- 3.5.1 Nipah virus in humans and pigs -- 3.5.2 Nipah virus in bats from Malaysia and Indonesia -- 3.5.3 Nipah virus in bats from India and Bangladesh -- 3.5.4 Interspecies Nipah virus transmission via date palm sap and bat urine -- 3.6 CEDAR VIRUS -- 3.7 PROTECTIVE BAT RESPONSES TO HENIPAVIRUS INFECTION -- 3.7.1 The interferon/STAT pathway and henipaviruses -- 3.7.2 Antibodies and henipaviruses -- 3.7.3 Apoptosis -- 3.8 METHODS OF PREVENTING HENIPAVIRUS INFECTION -- 3.9 RUBULAVIRUSES -- 3.9.1 Bat parainfluenza virus -- 3.9.2 Menangle virus in bats and domestic animals -- 3.9.3 Tioman virus in bats and humans -- 3.9.4 Tuhoko viruses in bats -- 3.9.5 Achimota viruses in bats -- 3.9.6 Sosuga virus in bats and humans -- 3.9.7 Jeilongvirus in bats -- 3.9.8 Mumps-like bat virus -- 3.9.9 Mapuera virus in bats -- 3.10 MORBILLIVIRUSES IN BATS -- 3.11 BELINGA BAT VIRUS -- 3.12 LARGE, MULTIVIRAL STUDIES OF PARAMYXOVIRUSES IN BATS -- 3.12.1 Multiviral paramyxoviruses studies in Asia -- 3.12.2 Multiviral paramyxoviruses studies in Africa -- 3.12.3 Multiviral paramyxoviruses studies in Madagascar and islands of the Southwest Indian Ocean -- 3.12.4 Multiviral paramyxoviruses studies in Oceania -- 3.13 CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 4 FILOVIRUSES AND BATS -- 4.1 FILOVIRUSES -- 4.1.1 History of filovirus infection -- 4.1.2 Filovirus disease -- 4.1.3 The roles of viral proteins -- 4.2 MARBURG VIRUS
• 10.2.1 Leptospira in South America -- 10.2.2 Leptospira in Africa -- 10.2.3 Leptospira in islands of the Indian Ocean -- 10.2.4 Leptospira in Australia -- 10.3 YERSINIA -- 10.4 PASTEURELLA -- 10.5 MYCOPLASMA -- 10.6 WADDLIA -- 10.7 RICKETTSIA AND SIMILAR BACTERIA -- 10.8 BAT GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT BACTERIA -- 10.8.1 Gastrointestinal bacteria in bats of Southeast Asia and Oceania -- 10.8.2 Gastrointestinal bacteria in bats of Madagascar -- 10.8.3 Gastrointestinal bacteria in bats of the Americas -- 10.9 LARGE‐SCALE STUDIES OF OTHER BAT BACTERIA -- 10.10 BACTERIAL SPECIES BENEFICIAL TO BATS -- 10.11 CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- PART IV PROTIST INFECTIONS OF BATS -- CHAPTER 11 APICOMPLEXANS AND BATS -- 11.1 INTRODUCTION TO APICOMPLEXA AND COCCIDEA -- 11.2 ORDER HAEMOSPORIDA -- 11.2.1 Invertebrate hosts of Haemosporida -- 11.2.2 Bat hosts of Haemosporida -- 11.3 ORDER PIROPLASMIDA -- 11.3.1 Babesia species and bats -- 11.3.2 Other Piroplasmida in bats -- 11.4 ORDER EIMERIIDA -- 11.4.1 Toxoplasma gondii and bats -- 11.4.2 Eimeria species and bats -- 11.5 ORDER ADELEIDA, CRYTOPORIDIUM SPECIES, AND BATS -- 11.6 CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 12 KINETOPLASTIDS AND BATS -- 12.1 KINETOPLASTIDS -- 12.2 TRYPANOSOMES -- 12.2.1 Life cycles of trypanosomes -- 12.2.2 Trypanosomes and disease -- 12.2.3 Trypanosomes infecting bats throughout the world -- 12.2.4 Trypanosoma cruzi -- 12.3 LEISHMANIA -- 12.3.1 Leishmania and disease -- 12.3.2 Leishmania and bats -- 12.4 CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- PART V FUNGAL INFECTIONS OF BATS -- CHAPTER 13 WHITE-NOSE SYNDROME AND BATS -- 13.1 INTRODUCTION TO PSEUDOGYMNOASCUS DESTRUCTANS -- 13.2 WHITE-NOSE SYNDROME -- 13.2.1 Arousal, loss of fat reserves, and dehydration -- 13.2.2 The role of torpor in WNS disease dynamics -- 13.2.3 WNS and wing damage -- 13.3 THE GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF WHITE-NOSE SYNDROME
• 7.2.3 Herpesviruses -- 7.2.4 Papillomaviruses -- 7.2.5 Polyomaviruses -- 7.3 BALTIMORE CLASS II VIRUSES -- 7.3.1 Parvoviruses -- 7.3.2 Dependoviruses -- 7.3.3 Circular replication-associated protein encoding single-stranded DNA viruses -- 7.4 CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 8 REVERSE-TRANSCRIBING BAT VIRUSES AND LARGE-SCALE BAT VIROME STUDIES -- 8.1 BALTIMORE CLASS VI RETROVIRUSES -- 8.1.1 Exogenous and endogenous retroviruses and their life‐cycles -- 8.1.2 Viral polyproteins -- 8.1.3 Retroviral genera -- 8.1.4 Endogenous gammaretroviruses of bats and other mammals -- 8.1.5 Betaretroviruses of bats and other mammals -- 8.2 EVIDENCE OF ANCIENT ENDOGENOUS VIRUs GENOMIC ELEMENTS IN BAT CHROMOSOMES -- 8.2.1 Endogenous bornavirus genomic elements in bat chromosomes -- 8.2.2 Endogenous Ebola and Marburg virus genomic elements in bat chromosomes -- 8.3 HEPADNAVIRUSES - BALTIMORE CLASS VII REVERSE-TRANSCRIBING DNA VIRUSES -- 8.3.1 Human hepatitis B virus -- 8.3.2 Orthohepadnaviruses and bats -- 8.4 LARGE-SCALE BAT VIROME STUDIES -- 8.4.1 Bat virome studies in North America -- 8.4.2 Bat virome studies in Europe -- 8.4.3 Bat virome studies in Asia and Southeast Asia -- 8.4.4 Bat virome studies in Oceania -- 8.5 CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- PART III BACTERIAL INFECTIONS OF BATS -- CHAPTER 9 ARTHROPOD-BORNE BACTERIAL INFECTIONS OF BATS -- 9.1 INTRODUCTION -- 9.2 BARTONELLA -- 9.2.1 Bartonella in bats from Asia -- 9.2.2 Bartonella in bats from Africa -- 9.2.3 Bartonella in bats from Europe -- 9.2.4 Bartonella in bats from the Americas -- 9.3 BORRELIA -- 9.4 RICKETTSIA -- 9.4.1 Rickettsia and human disease -- 9.4.2 Rickesttsia and bats -- 9.5 BAT ECTOPARASITES AS BACTERIAL VECTORS -- 9.5.1 Bacteria from bat flies -- 9.5.2 Bacteria from bat ticks -- 9.6 CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 10 OTHER BACTERIA AND BATS -- 10.1 INTRODUCTION -- 10.2 LEPTOSPIRA
• 13.3.1 WNS in North America
• Intro -- TITLE PAGE -- COPYRIGHT PAGE -- CONTENTS -- FOREWORD -- A BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO UNIQUE FEATURES OF BATS IN RELATION TO INFECTIOUS DISEASES -- ABOUT THE COMPANION WEBSITE -- PART I INTRODUCTION -- CHAPTER 1 BAT IMMUNOLOGY -- 1.1 INTRODUCTION TO THE IMMUNE SYSTEM OF BATS -- 1.1.1 White blood cell count and other serological parameters -- 1.1.2 Innate versus adaptive immunity -- 1.1.3 MicroRNA -- 1.2 VIRAL PATTERN-RECOGNITION RECEPTORS AND THE BAT IMMUNE RESPONSE TO MICROBES -- 1.3 INTRODUCTION TO THE INTERFERONS -- 1.3.1 Regulation of interferon production -- 1.3.2 The JAK-STAT pathway and interferon‐stimulated genes -- 1.3.3 Type I interferons -- 1.3.4 Type II interferon -- 1.3.5 Type III interferons -- 1.3.6 Viral avoidance of the host IFN response -- 1.4 ANTIBODIES AND B LYMPHOCYTES -- 1.5 MACROPHAGES, DENDRITIC CELLS, AND PROINFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES -- 1.6 T LYMPHOCYTES -- 1.7 OTHER PARAMETERS OF THE IMMUNE RESPONSE -- 1.8 CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- PART II VIRAL INFECTIONS OF BATS -- CHAPTER 2 RABIES VIRUS AND OTHER BAT RHABDOVIRUSES -- 2.1 INTRODUCTION TO THE FAMILY RHABDOVIRIDAE -- 2.2 LYSSAVIRUSES -- 2.2.1 Rabies virus -- 2.2.2 Other lyssaviruses of bats -- 2.2.3 Lyssavirus transmission -- 2.2.4 Lyssavirus sites of infection -- 2.2.5 Lyssavirus entry into cells -- 2.2.6 Prevention of lyssavirus infection -- 2.2.7 Immune response to lyssaviruses -- 2.2.8 Lyssavirus surveillance -- 2.3 OTHER RHABDOVIRUSES -- 2.3.1 The Kern Canyon serogroup of genus Vesiculovirus -- 2.3.2 Kumasi rhabdovirus -- 2.3.3 Unclassified rhabdoviruses -- 2.4 CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 3 HENIPAVIRUSES AND OTHER PARAMYXOVIRUSES OF BATS -- 3.1 INTRODUCTION TO PARAMYXOVIRIDAE -- 3.2 DISEASES ASSOCIATED WITH PARAMYXOVIRIDAE -- 3.2.1 Henipaviruses and disease -- 3.2.2 Morbilliviruses and disease -- 3.2.3 Rubulaviruses and disease
• 4.2.1 Marburg virus in humans and bats -- 4.2.2 Experimental infection of bats with Marburg virus -- 4.3 EBOLA VIRUS -- 4.3.1 Ebola virus in humans and bats -- 4.3.2 Ebola virus and bats prior to the 2014 outbreak -- 4.3.3 EBOV incidence in bats during and after the 2014 outbreak -- 4.4 LLOVIU AND RELATED FILOVIRUSES IN BATS -- 4.5 SEASONALITY OF FILOVIRUS INFECTION IN BATS -- 4.6 FACTORS AFFECTING ZOONOTIC INFECTION BY FILOVIRUSES -- 4.7 FILOVIRUSES IN ANIMALS OTHER THAN BATS -- 4.8 CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 5 BATS AND CORONAVIRUSES -- 5.1 INTRODUCTION -- 5.2 SARS CORONAVIRUS -- 5.2.1 The history of SARS -- 5.2.2 SARS pathology -- 5.2.3 Viral and cellular proteins and their role in entry into the host cells -- 5.2.4 SARS in civits and raccoon dogs -- 5.2.5 Relatedness of bat SARS-like CoV to SARS-CoV -- 5.3 MERS CORONAVIRUS -- 5.3.1 MERS pathology -- 5.3.2 Viral and cellular proteins and their role in entry into the host cells -- 5.3.3 MERS-CoV and spillover from domestic livestock -- 5.3.4 Relatedness of bat-CoV to MERS-CoV -- 5.3.5 Transmission of MERS-CoV -- 5.4 OTHER CORONAVIRUSES OF BATS -- 5.5 CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 6 OTHER RNA VIRUSES AND BATS -- 6.1 INTRODUCTION -- 6.2 BALTIMORE CLASS III VIRUSES AND BATS -- 6.2.1 Orbiviruses -- 6.2.2 Rotaviruses -- 6.2.3 Pteropine orthomyxovirus group -- 6.2.4 Mammalian orthoreoviruses -- 6.3 BALTIMORE CLASS IV VIRUSES -- 6.3.1 Astroviruses -- 6.3.2 Flaviviruses -- 6.3.3 Hepeviruses -- 6.3.4 Picornaviruses -- 6.4 BALTIMORE CLASS V VIRUSES -- 6.4.1 Bunyaviridae -- 6.4.2 Orthomyxoviruses -- 6.4.3 Arenaviridae -- 6.5 LARGE, MULTI‐VIRUS STUDIES -- 6.6 CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 7 BALTIMORE CLASS I AND CLASS II DNA VIRUSES OF BATS -- 7.1 INTRODUCTION TO DOUBLE- AND SINGLE- STRANDED DNA VIRUSES -- 7.2 BALTIMORE CLASS I VIRUSES -- 7.2.1 Poxviruses -- 7.2.2 Adenoviruses