Halogen Bond Induced Structural and Photophysical Properties Modification in Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Manganese Halides

The role of halogen bonding in organic–inorganic hybrid (OIH) halides was seldom investigated despite its potential to enhance the stability of the compound. In this context, we have synthesized (2-methylbenzimidazolium)­MnCl3(H2O)·H2O (compound 1) crystallizing in a monoclinic space group P21/c wit...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published inThe journal of physical chemistry letters Vol. 14; no. 18; pp. 4211 - 4218
Main Authors Panda, Debendra Prasad, Swain, Diptikanta, Sarkar, Sounak, Sundaresan, A.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States American Chemical Society 11.05.2023
Subjects
Online AccessGet full text

Cover

Loading…
Abstract The role of halogen bonding in organic–inorganic hybrid (OIH) halides was seldom investigated despite its potential to enhance the stability of the compound. In this context, we have synthesized (2-methylbenzimidazolium)­MnCl3(H2O)·H2O (compound 1) crystallizing in a monoclinic space group P21/c with a 1D infinite chain of edge shared Mn octahedra. In contrast, the chloro-substituted derivative (5-chloro-2-methylbenzimidazolium)2MnCl4 (compound 2) exhibits 0D Mn tetrahedra with a triclinic P1̅ structure. This structural modification from 1D Mn octahedra to 0D Mn tetrahedra involves a unique type-II halogen bonding between organic chlorine (C–Cl) and inorganic chloride (Cl–Mn) ions. Compound 1 exhibits red emission, whereas compound 2 demonstrates dual-band emission, resulting from energy transfer from the organic amine to Mn centers. To rationalize this interesting modulation in structure and photophysical properties, the role of halogen bonding is explored in terms of quantitative electron density analysis and intermolecular interaction energies.
AbstractList The role of halogen bonding in organic-inorganic hybrid (OIH) halides was seldom investigated despite its potential to enhance the stability of the compound. In this context, we have synthesized (2-methylbenzimidazolium)MnCl (H O)·H O (compound 1) crystallizing in a monoclinic space group 2 / with a 1D infinite chain of edge shared Mn octahedra. In contrast, the chloro-substituted derivative (5-chloro-2-methylbenzimidazolium) MnCl (compound 2) exhibits 0D Mn tetrahedra with a triclinic 1̅ structure. This structural modification from 1D Mn octahedra to 0D Mn tetrahedra involves a unique type-II halogen bonding between organic chlorine (C-Cl) and inorganic chloride (Cl-Mn) ions. Compound 1 exhibits red emission, whereas compound 2 demonstrates dual-band emission, resulting from energy transfer from the organic amine to Mn centers. To rationalize this interesting modulation in structure and photophysical properties, the role of halogen bonding is explored in terms of quantitative electron density analysis and intermolecular interaction energies.
The role of halogen bonding in organic–inorganic hybrid (OIH) halides was seldom investigated despite its potential to enhance the stability of the compound. In this context, we have synthesized (2-methylbenzimidazolium)­MnCl3(H2O)·H2O (compound 1) crystallizing in a monoclinic space group P21/c with a 1D infinite chain of edge shared Mn octahedra. In contrast, the chloro-substituted derivative (5-chloro-2-methylbenzimidazolium)2MnCl4 (compound 2) exhibits 0D Mn tetrahedra with a triclinic P1̅ structure. This structural modification from 1D Mn octahedra to 0D Mn tetrahedra involves a unique type-II halogen bonding between organic chlorine (C–Cl) and inorganic chloride (Cl–Mn) ions. Compound 1 exhibits red emission, whereas compound 2 demonstrates dual-band emission, resulting from energy transfer from the organic amine to Mn centers. To rationalize this interesting modulation in structure and photophysical properties, the role of halogen bonding is explored in terms of quantitative electron density analysis and intermolecular interaction energies.
Author Panda, Debendra Prasad
Swain, Diptikanta
Sundaresan, A.
Sarkar, Sounak
AuthorAffiliation Center for Materials Crystallography, Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO)
School of Advanced Materials, and Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: School of Advanced Materials, and Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit
– name: Center for Materials Crystallography, Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO)
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Debendra Prasad
  orcidid: 0000-0003-1959-4868
  surname: Panda
  fullname: Panda, Debendra Prasad
  organization: School of Advanced Materials, and Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Diptikanta
  orcidid: 0000-0003-4048-5017
  surname: Swain
  fullname: Swain, Diptikanta
  email: diptisscu@gmail.com
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Sounak
  surname: Sarkar
  fullname: Sarkar, Sounak
  organization: Center for Materials Crystallography, Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO)
– sequence: 4
  givenname: A.
  orcidid: 0000-0002-1613-3030
  surname: Sundaresan
  fullname: Sundaresan, A.
  email: sundaresan@jncasr.ac.in
  organization: School of Advanced Materials, and Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37115497$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
BookMark eNp9kM9OAyEQxonR2FZ9AhPD0UtbWNh_RzVqm7RpE_W8oTBbMVtYgT305jv4hj6JaKvx5Glmvvy-GfgG6NBYAwidUzKiJKFjIf3opZUNhDBikpAszQ5Qn5a8GOa0SA__9D008P4lIiUp8mPUYzmlKS_zPtpORGPXYPC1NQpPjeokKPwQXCdD50SDRZSXzzbY9nnrtYzK0tkWXNDg8dwqXUcxaGuwNnjh1sJo-fH2PjV21-PJduW0wnNh4gwecLyoFfhTdFSLxsPZvp6gp7vbx5vJcLa4n95czYaC8TQMeUkEUFXSmgie1JwpJYXKieJZQTMmspRSkQNnSSqZVDXlyUpQAiRnKyiKgp2gy93e1tnXDnyoNtpLaJr4Gtv5KilIXiYJK7OIsh0qnfXeQV21Tm-E21aUVF-ZVzHzap95tc88ui72B7rVBtSv5yfkCIx3wLfbds7E__678hOhxpT9
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_1021_acs_chemmater_4c00743
crossref_primary_10_1021_acs_jpclett_3c02252
Cites_doi 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00477
10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c03481
10.1039/c2cs15292d
10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b02734
10.1107/S0108768189003794
10.14102/j.cnki.0254-5861.2011-3089
10.1021/jz502271c
10.1039/C5TC04114G
10.1126/science.1228604
10.1021/jacs.7b12524
10.1039/C8SC00233A
10.1002/adma.201501026
10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b03213
10.1002/adfm.202102848
10.1002/anie.202108661
10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c01232
10.1351/PAC-REC-12-05-10
10.1016/j.nanoen.2021.106166
10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b03114
10.1039/C9TC00663J
10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01601
10.1002/anie.201507229
10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00484
10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c04173
10.1021/ja00205a027
10.1021/jacs.9b04829
10.1021/ar0400995
10.1039/D2TC04092A
10.1021/acs.chemmater.2c00546
10.14102/j.cnki.0254-5861.2022-0013
10.1002/ange.202200236
10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c00002
10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b02892
10.1021/acs.chemmater.1c03117
10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01581
10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03861
10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b01508
10.1038/nnano.2015.90
10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01162
10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00539
10.1143/JPSJ.9.766
10.1039/D1TB02445K
10.1021/ar5001555
10.1002/ange.201805625
10.1021/acs.chemmater.0c01794
10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b03753
10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02119
10.1007/s11664-017-5742-z
10.1021/jp1100413
10.14102/j.cnki.0254-5861.2022-0088
10.1021/acs.accounts.7b00433
10.1021/ja809598r
10.1039/C7TC01520H
10.1107/S205225251601808X
10.1063/5.0140821
10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02154
10.1021/nl5048779
10.1002/anie.202114793
10.1021/acs.jcim.2c00015
10.1002/anie.200805739
10.1002/anie.202115773
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright 2023 American Chemical Society
Copyright_xml – notice: 2023 American Chemical Society
DBID NPM
AAYXX
CITATION
7X8
DOI 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00656
DatabaseName PubMed
CrossRef
MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitle PubMed
CrossRef
MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitleList PubMed

Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: NPM
  name: PubMed
  url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed
  sourceTypes: Index Database
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Chemistry
EISSN 1948-7185
EndPage 4218
ExternalDocumentID 10_1021_acs_jpclett_3c00656
37115497
c059104619
Genre Journal Article
GroupedDBID 53G
55A
5VS
7~N
AABXI
ABFRP
ABMVS
ABQRX
ABUCX
ACGFO
ACGFS
ACS
ADHLV
AEESW
AENEX
AFEFF
AHGAQ
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
AQSVZ
DU5
EBS
ED~
GGK
GNL
IH9
JG~
P2P
RNS
ROL
UI2
VF5
VG9
W1F
XKZ
ABJNI
BAANH
CUPRZ
NPM
AAYXX
CITATION
7X8
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-a345t-490ae1d91f0a42f43ddcad70d468163a6511a7e4325c3cdf142ba10e073be8883
IEDL.DBID ACS
ISSN 1948-7185
IngestDate Fri Aug 16 04:30:54 EDT 2024
Fri Aug 23 01:48:56 EDT 2024
Sat Sep 28 08:14:40 EDT 2024
Thu Jul 06 08:30:33 EDT 2023
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 18
Language English
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-a345t-490ae1d91f0a42f43ddcad70d468163a6511a7e4325c3cdf142ba10e073be8883
Notes ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 23
ORCID 0000-0003-1959-4868
0000-0002-1613-3030
0000-0003-4048-5017
PMID 37115497
PQID 2807922396
PQPubID 23479
PageCount 8
ParticipantIDs proquest_miscellaneous_2807922396
crossref_primary_10_1021_acs_jpclett_3c00656
pubmed_primary_37115497
acs_journals_10_1021_acs_jpclett_3c00656
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 20230511
2023-May-11
2023-05-11
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2023-05-11
PublicationDate_xml – month: 05
  year: 2023
  text: 20230511
  day: 11
PublicationDecade 2020
PublicationPlace United States
PublicationPlace_xml – name: United States
PublicationTitle The journal of physical chemistry letters
PublicationTitleAlternate J. Phys. Chem. Lett
PublicationYear 2023
Publisher American Chemical Society
Publisher_xml – name: American Chemical Society
References ref9/cit9
ref45/cit45
ref3/cit3
ref27/cit27
ref56/cit56
ref16/cit16
ref52/cit52
ref23/cit23
ref8/cit8
ref31/cit31
ref59/cit59
ref2/cit2
ref34/cit34
ref37/cit37
ref20/cit20
ref48/cit48
ref60/cit60
ref17/cit17
ref10/cit10
ref35/cit35
ref53/cit53
ref19/cit19
ref21/cit21
ref42/cit42
ref46/cit46
ref49/cit49
ref13/cit13
ref61/cit61
ref24/cit24
ref38/cit38
ref50/cit50
ref54/cit54
ref6/cit6
ref36/cit36
ref18/cit18
ref11/cit11
ref25/cit25
ref29/cit29
ref32/cit32
ref39/cit39
ref14/cit14
ref57/cit57
ref5/cit5
ref51/cit51
ref43/cit43
ref28/cit28
ref40/cit40
ref26/cit26
ref55/cit55
ref12/cit12
ref15/cit15
ref41/cit41
ref58/cit58
ref22/cit22
ref33/cit33
ref4/cit4
ref30/cit30
ref47/cit47
ref1/cit1
ref44/cit44
ref7/cit7
References_xml – ident: ref6/cit6
  doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00477
– ident: ref27/cit27
  doi: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c03481
– ident: ref23/cit23
  doi: 10.1039/c2cs15292d
– ident: ref39/cit39
  doi: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b02734
– ident: ref40/cit40
  doi: 10.1107/S0108768189003794
– ident: ref30/cit30
  doi: 10.14102/j.cnki.0254-5861.2011-3089
– ident: ref35/cit35
  doi: 10.1021/jz502271c
– ident: ref54/cit54
  doi: 10.1039/C5TC04114G
– ident: ref2/cit2
  doi: 10.1126/science.1228604
– ident: ref26/cit26
  doi: 10.1021/jacs.7b12524
– ident: ref24/cit24
  doi: 10.1039/C8SC00233A
– ident: ref33/cit33
  doi: 10.1002/adma.201501026
– ident: ref10/cit10
  doi: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b03213
– ident: ref8/cit8
  doi: 10.1002/adfm.202102848
– ident: ref42/cit42
  doi: 10.1002/anie.202108661
– ident: ref7/cit7
  doi: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c01232
– ident: ref19/cit19
  doi: 10.1351/PAC-REC-12-05-10
– ident: ref58/cit58
  doi: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2021.106166
– ident: ref3/cit3
  doi: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b03114
– ident: ref32/cit32
  doi: 10.1039/C9TC00663J
– ident: ref56/cit56
  doi: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01601
– ident: ref43/cit43
  doi: 10.1002/anie.201507229
– ident: ref20/cit20
  doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00484
– ident: ref28/cit28
  doi: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c04173
– ident: ref45/cit45
  doi: 10.1021/ja00205a027
– ident: ref31/cit31
  doi: 10.1021/jacs.9b04829
– ident: ref17/cit17
  doi: 10.1021/ar0400995
– ident: ref51/cit51
  doi: 10.1039/D2TC04092A
– ident: ref11/cit11
  doi: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.2c00546
– ident: ref13/cit13
  doi: 10.14102/j.cnki.0254-5861.2022-0013
– ident: ref41/cit41
  doi: 10.1002/ange.202200236
– ident: ref12/cit12
  doi: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c00002
– ident: ref49/cit49
  doi: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b02892
– ident: ref18/cit18
  doi: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.1c03117
– ident: ref9/cit9
  doi: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01581
– ident: ref16/cit16
  doi: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03861
– ident: ref25/cit25
  doi: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b01508
– ident: ref5/cit5
  doi: 10.1038/nnano.2015.90
– ident: ref57/cit57
  doi: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01162
– ident: ref4/cit4
  doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00539
– ident: ref52/cit52
  doi: 10.1143/JPSJ.9.766
– ident: ref50/cit50
  doi: 10.1039/D1TB02445K
– ident: ref44/cit44
  doi: 10.1021/ar5001555
– ident: ref34/cit34
  doi: 10.1002/ange.201805625
– ident: ref60/cit60
  doi: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.0c01794
– ident: ref21/cit21
  doi: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b03753
– ident: ref36/cit36
  doi: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02119
– ident: ref53/cit53
  doi: 10.1007/s11664-017-5742-z
– ident: ref46/cit46
  doi: 10.1021/jp1100413
– ident: ref14/cit14
  doi: 10.14102/j.cnki.0254-5861.2022-0088
– ident: ref61/cit61
  doi: 10.1021/acs.accounts.7b00433
– ident: ref1/cit1
  doi: 10.1021/ja809598r
– ident: ref37/cit37
  doi: 10.1039/C7TC01520H
– ident: ref47/cit47
  doi: 10.1107/S205225251601808X
– ident: ref15/cit15
  doi: 10.1063/5.0140821
– ident: ref29/cit29
  doi: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02154
– ident: ref55/cit55
  doi: 10.1021/nl5048779
– ident: ref22/cit22
  doi: 10.1002/anie.202114793
– ident: ref38/cit38
  doi: 10.1021/acs.jcim.2c00015
– ident: ref48/cit48
  doi: 10.1002/anie.200805739
– ident: ref59/cit59
  doi: 10.1002/anie.202115773
SSID ssj0069087
Score 2.4680066
Snippet The role of halogen bonding in organic–inorganic hybrid (OIH) halides was seldom investigated despite its potential to enhance the stability of the compound....
The role of halogen bonding in organic-inorganic hybrid (OIH) halides was seldom investigated despite its potential to enhance the stability of the compound....
SourceID proquest
crossref
pubmed
acs
SourceType Aggregation Database
Index Database
Publisher
StartPage 4211
SubjectTerms Physical Insights into Materials and Molecular Properties
Title Halogen Bond Induced Structural and Photophysical Properties Modification in Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Manganese Halides
URI http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00656
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37115497
https://search.proquest.com/docview/2807922396
Volume 14
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
link http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwjV3JTsMwELWgHODCvpRNRuLAgZQ6cZLmiCqqgtSqUqnUW-TYE1GQ0oqkh3LiH_hDvoSZpEHs4hjLsuMZ2zNje95j7BS1rAlF3FKuUJYU4FkRYLCidANL0CTGMeUOd7peeyBvhu7wQ7L6lxt8W1wondbuJyjDLKs5mkymt8iWbB-XB3lCzX658WKcl_PhYVjesHDLdUuQoZ8bIXOk08_m6BcfM7c1rTXWLTN2iicmD7VpFtX003cAx_8NY52tzr1OfllMkw22AMkmW26WZG9bbNamQxxIONEMc-Lz0GB4PweXJWAOrrC4dzcmGIJCsbxHx_iPhMfKO2NDL45yJfNRwosET_36_HKdFLRRmrdnlBvGOyrBb0iBY48jA-k2G7Subptta87KYClHupklg7oCYQIR15W0Y-kYo5Xx60Z6DVSu8tCFUz5Ix3a1o00spB0pUQfcSyLAeNvZYZVknMAe4wIEaCGjgGDrtNTKBsDm0KszkWsrVWVnKLZwvqrSML8wt0WYFxayDOeyrLLzUo_hpMDp-Lv6SanrECVNlyQ49vE0DQkdKECfKcA6u8UkeG_Q8Qm8KPD3__9fB2yFCOrpvYEQh6yCeoMjdGOy6DifvG-6sfFL
link.rule.ids 315,783,787,2772,27088,27936,27937,57066,57116
linkProvider American Chemical Society
linkToHtml http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwlV3JTsQwDI1YDnBh37cgceBAh0mbttMjGoHKMggJRuJWpYkrFqmDaDnAiX_gD_kS7LQFgQDBsVbkJnYS20n8zNgWalkTirijfKEcKSBwUsBgRekOUtAkZhnlDvdOg7gvjy79yzopjHJhsBMFcirsJf4HuoDYJdrNHYqyLFueJssZDLNRP0STSQ5R97zZfzHcs2XxMDrvOLjz-g3W0PdMyCrp4rNV-sHVtCbnYJL13ztrX5rcth7KtKWfvuA4_nc0U2yi9kH5XjVpptkQ5DNsrNuUfptljzEd6UDOqegwp-oeGgw_t1CzBNPBFZLPrgYESlCpmZ_Rof49obPy3sDQ-yOrcn6d8yrdU78-vxzmVREpzeNHyhTjPZXjNxTA8Y_XBoo51j_Yv-jGTl2jwVGe9EtHRm0FwkQiayvpZtIzRisTto0MOqhqFaBDp0KQnutrT5tMSDdVog24s6SA0bc3z0byQQ6LjAsQoIVMIwKx01IrFwDZoY9nUt9Vaolto9iSeo0Vib0-d0ViiZUsk1qWS2ynUWdyV6F2_N58s1F5gpKmKxMc--ChSAgrKEIPKsI2C9VceGfohQRlFIXLf-_XBhuLL3onycnh6fEKG6fS9fQSQYhVNoI6hDV0cMp03c7nN9vZ-bA
linkToPdf http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV1LT9wwEB5RkNpegD6gPOtKPXBolnXiJJsjWlgtj0UrARI9RY49EVApu2rCAU78B_4hv4QZJ0FqRVHFMSNrYs_YnrHH8w3Ad9KyYRRxT4dSe0pi5GVIhxVtekQhk5jnnDs8Oo6GZ-rgPDyfgV6bC0OdKIlT6YL4vKqnNm8QBuQ206-mJM6q6gSGrWf0BubCWLoA7U7_pN2D6cjnSuPRCb3n0e4btnhDzzNhy2TKPy3TP9xNZ3YGC_DzqcPutcmvznWVdcztX1iOrxnRIsw3vqjYqSfPB5jB4iO867cl4D7BzZCvdrAQXHxYcJUPg1acOMhZhusQmsjjiwmDE9TqFmO-3P_NKK1iNLH8DsmpXlwWok77NA939_tFXUzKiOENZ4yJkS7oG0sU9MdLi-VnOBvsnfaHXlOrwdOBCitPJV2N0iYy72rl5yqw1mgbd62KeqRyHZFjp2NUgR-awNhcKj_Tsou0w2RIp_BgCWaLSYFfQEiUaKTKEgazM8poH5HYka9ns9DXegW2SGxps9bK1IXRfZk6Yi3LtJHlCvxoVZpOa_SOl5t_a9WekqQ5dEJjn1yXKWMGJeRJJdRmuZ4PTwyDmCGNknj1__v1Fd6Odwfp0f7x4Rq85wr2_CBBynWYJRXiBvk5VbbppvQjvHj8Kg
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Halogen+Bond+Induced+Structural+and+Photophysical+Properties+Modification+in+Organic%E2%80%93Inorganic+Hybrid+Manganese+Halides&rft.jtitle=The+journal+of+physical+chemistry+letters&rft.au=Panda%2C+Debendra+Prasad&rft.au=Swain%2C+Diptikanta&rft.au=Sarkar%2C+Sounak&rft.au=Sundaresan%2C+A.&rft.date=2023-05-11&rft.pub=American+Chemical+Society&rft.issn=1948-7185&rft.eissn=1948-7185&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=18&rft.spage=4211&rft.epage=4218&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Facs.jpclett.3c00656&rft.externalDocID=c059104619
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1948-7185&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1948-7185&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1948-7185&client=summon