Data Journeys in the Sciences

• Main Authors: Leonelli, Sabina, Tempini, Niccolò
• Format: eBook
• Language: English
• Published: Cham Springer Nature 2020; Springer International Publishing AG
• Edition: 1
• Series: Open Access
• Subjects: Big Data; Clustering Practices in Plant Phenomics; Data access; Data at the Large Hadron Collider; Data Collection; Data Epistemology; Data Ethics; Data from Objects to Assets; Data Journeys in Medical Case Reports; Data Journeys in Pharmaceutical Regulation; Data Mixes in Big Data Linkage Practice; Data Ordering and Visualization; Data Science; Databases in Systems Biology; Dissemination and Quality Assessment; Epistemology of Science; History; History of science; Humanities and Social Sciences; Interdisciplinary studies; Mathematics and Science; Methods for Climate Data Processing; multidisciplinary; Nonfiction; Open Access; Philosophy of science; Preparation and Reporting; Radiocarbon Dating and Robustness Reasoning in Archaeology; Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects; Science; Science: general issues; Social Studies of Data; Social Studies of Science

This groundbreaking, open access volume analyses and compares data practices across several fields through the analysis of specific cases of data journeys. It brings together leading scholars in the philosophy, history and social studies of science to achieve two goals: tracking the travel of data a...

Table of Contents:

• 1 Introduction: Preparing Big Data for Analysis -- 2 Cleaning Data: Empirical Cases from Plant Science and Economics -- 2.1 Empirical Case: Measuring Business Cycles -- 2.2 Empirical Case: Processing and Interoperability Requirements for Imaging Data in Plant Phenomics -- 3 Cleaning by Clustering: The Principles Underpinning Data Cleaning Practices -- 4 Comparing Heuristics across Research Communities in Natural and Social Sciences -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- The Datum in Context: Measuring Frameworks, Data Series and the Journeys of Individual Datums -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Data Sets and Their Kinds -- 3 Economic Data: Perspectives on the World -- 3.1 Accounting -- 3.2 Indicating -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Data Journeys Beyond Databases in Systems Biology: Cytoscape and NDEx -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Data Production: From Individual Experiments to High-Throughput Experiments -- 3 Data Travels in Systems Biology: Databases and Ontologies -- 4 Cytoscape: A Platform for Generating and Analyzing Network Diagrams -- 5 Further Analyzing Networks: Cytoscape's App Store -- 5.1 Applying an App for Identifying Active Modules -- 5.2 Applying an App for Modeling Diffusion -- 6 Network Expo: NDEx -- 7 Conclusions -- References -- A Data Journey Through Dataset-Centric Population Genomics -- 1 Traveling Findings and Data Journeys in Human Population Genomics -- 2 Scientific Data Structures -- 3 Dataset Journey Representations: Two Visualizations -- 3.1 Example: Lab Web Page Dataset Journey Visualization -- 3.2 Example: Excel Spreadsheet Dataset Journey Visualization -- 4 Data Journey Narratives: Datapoints and Datasets -- 4.1 Dataset Assembly Narrative -- 4.2 Dataset Journey Narrative -- 5 A Model of Dataset Journeys and Conclusions -- References -- Part III: Sharing: Data access, Dissemination and Quality Assessment
• Sharing Data, Repairing Practices: On the Reflexivity of Astronomical Data Journeys -- 1 Introduction -- 2 An Architecture for Observation: Enabling Reflexive Uses of Data -- 2.1 Object: 'Astronomy is About Observing and Re-Observing Sources on the Sky' -- 2.2 Technology: Astronomical Data Are Digital, and Utilize a Standard Format -- 2.3 Social Institutions: Sharing Instruments and Data -- 3 Re-Using Data to Assess an Astronomical Discovery Claim -- 3.1 Record Distance: "A Lensed Galaxy at z = 10.0" -- 3.2 Three Hot Pixels -- 3.3 A Transient Source? -- 3.4 Lost in the Noise -- 3.5 The Toulouse Team Responds to Its Critics -- 4 Discussion and Conclusions -- References -- Evaluating Data Journeys: Climategate, Synthetic Data and the Benchmarking of Methods for Climate Data Processing -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Data Journeys Envisioned by ISTI -- 3 Evaluating Data Journeys: Benchmarking and Its Importance -- 4 Another Variety of Model-Data Symbiosis -- 5 Concluding Remarks -- References -- The Babel of Drugs: On the Consequences of Evidential Pluralism in Pharmaceutical Regulation and Regulatory Data Journeys -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Regulation with Non-travelling Data -- 3 Regulation with Travelling Data -- 4 How Far Can EHR Data Travel? -- 5 "Delivering the Proof in the Policy of Truth" -- References -- Part IV: Interlude -- Most Often, What Is Transmitted Is Transformed -- References -- Part V: Interpreting: Data Transformation, Analysis and Reuse -- The Reuse of Digital Computer Data: Transformation, Recombination and Generation of Data Mixes in Big Data Science -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Scientific Data vs Computer Data -- 2 Unpacking Digital Data Reuse in Data Linkage Practice -- 2.1 Introduction to MEDMI -- 2.2 Data Relations and Epistemic Relations -- 2.3 The Computational Logistics of Digital Data Mixing
• 2.4 "You Need to Say Exactly What You Want": Data Mixing and Boundaries of Practice -- 3 Discussion: The Relationality of Scientific Computer Data -- 3.1 Computer Data as Socio-Technical Relational Objects -- 3.2 Computer Data as Programmable, Granular and Composite -- 3.3 Socio-Technical Relations and Epistemic Relations -- 3.4 The Scaffolded Relationality of Scientific Computer Data -- 3.5 Computational Data Journeys -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Data, Meta Data and Pattern Data: How Franz Boas Mobilized Anthropometric Data, 1890 and Beyond -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Boas's Statistical Outlook -- 3 Boas's Data Sheets -- 4 Use and Re-use of Data -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Radiocarbon Dating in Archaeology: Triangulation and Traceability -- 1 The Quest for an Absolute Chronology -- 2 Capturing Radiogenic Data -- 3 Calibration: Refinement and Conversion -- 4 Traceability and Triangulation -- 5 Robustness Reasoning About Temporal Data -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Part VI: Ends: Data Actionability and Accountability -- 'Overcoming the Bottleneck': Knowledge Architectures for Genomic Data Interpretation in Oncology -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Data Interpretation Bottleneck -- 3 Knowledgebases and Databases -- 4 A Spectrum of Data Repositories -- 5 Practitioners' Accounts of the Database/Knowledgebase Distinction -- 6 Why Knowledgebases? -- 7 Modes of Curation -- 8 Trust and Transparency -- 9 Curation, Interpretation, and Levels of Evidence -- 10 Heterogeneity -- 11 Conclusion -- References -- Realizing Healthful Housing: Devices for Data Travel in Public Health and Urban Redevelopment in the Twentieth Century United States -- 1 The Problem of Data in Housing -- 2 Re-considering Housing Data -- 3 Public Health and Housing Standards: The Committee on the Hygiene of Housing
• 4 The Appraisal Method: Transforming Standards Back into Data that Travels -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- From Washington DC to Washington State: The Global Burden of Diseases Data Basis and the Political Economy of Global Health -- 1 Introduction -- 2 DALYs as Global Metrics: The World Bank and Economic Triage -- 3 Health System Data and Political Triage: Primary Health Care at WHO -- 4 Missing and Alternative Numbers: The Low Visibility of DALY-Based Triage -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Data Journeys in Art? Warranting and Witnessing the 'Fake' and the 'Real' in Art Authentication -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Here, See -- 3 See It, See It Not -- 4 In the Blink of an Eye -- 5 Is There Anything to See? Is There Anyone to See it? -- 6 Conclusion: Varieties of Data and Journeys of Art -- 7 Coda -- References -- Part VII: Afterword -- Afterword: Data in Transit -- References -- Visual Metaphors: Howardena Pindell, Video Drawings, 1975 -- Index
• Intro -- Preface: A Roadmap for Readers -- References -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- Learning from Data Journeys -- 1 Introduction: Data Movement and Epistemic Diversity -- 2 Mutability and Portability: Data as Lineages -- 3 Data Journeys as Units of Analysis -- 4 The Significance of Articulating Data Challenges -- 5 Nodes of Difference and Similarity -- 6 Conclusion: Why Study Data Journeys? -- References -- Part I: Origins: Data Collection, Preparation and Reporting -- Material Origins of a Data Journey in Ocean Science: How Sampling and Scaffolding Shape Data Practices -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Continuous Plankton Recorder Survey -- 3 Material Interactions and their Epistemological Implications -- 3.1 Deformation of Plankton Organisms and Identification -- 3.2 Silk Specifications and Quantification -- 4 Material Integration and Continuity -- 5 Scaffolding Sample Analysis and the Creation of Knowledge -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- What Data Get to Travel in High Energy Physics? The Construction of Data at the Large Hadron Collider -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Selection Criteria and Search Strategy for Usable Data in the ATLAS Experiment -- 3 Local Data Journey at the LHC -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Tracing Data Journeys Through Medical Case Reports: Conceptualizing Case Reports Not as "Anecdotes" but Productive Epistemic Constructs, or Why Zebras Can Be Useful -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Background: What Are Medical Case Reports? -- 3 Detecting Patterns and Themes in Case Reporting and Re-use -- 3.1 Broader Patterns of Re-use -- 3.2 Case Reports on Infectious Diseases -- 3.3 Case Reporting of Adverse Effects -- 4 Conclusions: Implications for Understanding How Data Journey -- References -- Part II: Clustering: Data Ordering and Visualization -- From Dirty Data to Tidy Facts: Clustering Practices in Plant Phenomics and Business Cycle Analysis