Understanding the evolution of mining-induced fractures using physical and numerical modeling
The overburden rock strata fractures and collapses as the extraction of a longwall panel. Knowledge of the extents and characteristics of the fractured zone is important to evaluating many mining-induced issues including abutment pressure relief, methane production, and ground subsidence prediction....
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Published in | Environmental earth sciences Vol. 81; no. 1 |
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Main Authors | , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
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Berlin/Heidelberg
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
2022
Springer Nature B.V |
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Abstract | The overburden rock strata fractures and collapses as the extraction of a longwall panel. Knowledge of the extents and characteristics of the fractured zone is important to evaluating many mining-induced issues including abutment pressure relief, methane production, and ground subsidence prediction. In this study, a physical model was initially created to produce the process of longwall mining with great attention focused on the caving and fracturing process of the overburden strata. A numerical model was then created according to the geological and geotechnical conditions of the physical model. Both the physical and numerical model successfully captured periodic weighting as the longwall face advances. It is found that periodic weighting does not just involve the local immediate and main roof that composes a cantilever beam right behind the longwall face, it may also involve the rupture of a rock bridge in the overburden strata above the fractured zone. The rock bridge forms and ruptures periodically as longwall mining proceeds. The permeability of a given region in the fractured zone can be evaluated by measuring the area of the voids and fractures within the region. The permeability increases as fracturing and collapse of rock mass within the region and then decreases as the collapsed rock mass compacts. The greater the horizontal-to-vertical stress ratio, the lower the maximum permeability. The more competent the main roof, the lower the maximum permeability. |
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AbstractList | The overburden rock strata fractures and collapses as the extraction of a longwall panel. Knowledge of the extents and characteristics of the fractured zone is important to evaluating many mining-induced issues including abutment pressure relief, methane production, and ground subsidence prediction. In this study, a physical model was initially created to produce the process of longwall mining with great attention focused on the caving and fracturing process of the overburden strata. A numerical model was then created according to the geological and geotechnical conditions of the physical model. Both the physical and numerical model successfully captured periodic weighting as the longwall face advances. It is found that periodic weighting does not just involve the local immediate and main roof that composes a cantilever beam right behind the longwall face, it may also involve the rupture of a rock bridge in the overburden strata above the fractured zone. The rock bridge forms and ruptures periodically as longwall mining proceeds. The permeability of a given region in the fractured zone can be evaluated by measuring the area of the voids and fractures within the region. The permeability increases as fracturing and collapse of rock mass within the region and then decreases as the collapsed rock mass compacts. The greater the horizontal-to-vertical stress ratio, the lower the maximum permeability. The more competent the main roof, the lower the maximum permeability. |
ArticleNumber | 22 |
Author | Gao, Fuqiang Li, Jianzhong Lou, Jinfu Cao, Shuwen Liu, Xiaomin |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Fuqiang orcidid: 0000-0001-6530-9787 surname: Gao fullname: Gao, Fuqiang email: fuqgao@gmail.com organization: State Key Laboratory of Coal Mining and Clean Utilization, China Coal Research Institute, CCTEG Coal Mining Research Institute – sequence: 2 givenname: Jianzhong surname: Li fullname: Li, Jianzhong organization: State Key Laboratory of Coal Mining and Clean Utilization, China Coal Research Institute, CCTEG Coal Mining Research Institute – sequence: 3 givenname: Jinfu surname: Lou fullname: Lou, Jinfu organization: State Key Laboratory of Coal Mining and Clean Utilization, China Coal Research Institute, CCTEG Coal Mining Research Institute – sequence: 4 givenname: Shuwen surname: Cao fullname: Cao, Shuwen organization: State Key Laboratory of Coal Mining and Clean Utilization, China Coal Research Institute, CCTEG Coal Mining Research Institute – sequence: 5 givenname: Xiaomin surname: Liu fullname: Liu, Xiaomin organization: State Key Laboratory of Coal Mining and Clean Utilization, China Coal Research Institute, CCTEG Coal Mining Research Institute |
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Cites_doi | 10.1016/S0148-9062(99)00034-0 10.1016/0167-9031(90)90864-O 10.1007/BF02509900 10.1007/s00603-006-0083-x 10.1016/0148-9062(83)90595-8 10.1038/nmeth.2019 10.1016/S0148-9062(98)00180-6 10.1016/j.cageo.2010.09.003 10.1016/j.ijrmms.2018.04.025 10.1016/j.ijrmms.2015.05.009 10.1016/j.coal.2015.01.004 10.1007/s00254-002-0732-7 10.1016/j.coal.2006.08.003 10.1016/j.coal.2012.05.011 10.1016/S0166-5162(97)00007-4 10.1016/j.coal.2011.10.010 10.1016/j.ijrmms.2018.01.014 10.1016/S1365-1609(99)00123-9 10.1007/s00254-002-0542-y 10.1007/BF00880842 10.17159/2411-9717/2015/V115N8A16 10.1016/j.ijrmms.2009.09.007 |
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Snippet | The overburden rock strata fractures and collapses as the extraction of a longwall panel. Knowledge of the extents and characteristics of the fractured zone is... |
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SubjectTerms | Biogeosciences Cantilever beams Compacts Earth and Environmental Science Earth Sciences Environmental Science and Engineering Evaluation Fractures Fracturing Geochemistry Geology Hydrology/Water Resources Land bridges Longwall mining Mathematical models Methane production Mining Modelling Numerical models Original Article Overburden Permeability Rock masses Rocks Roofs Strata Stress ratio Terrestrial Pollution Voids Weighting |
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Title | Understanding the evolution of mining-induced fractures using physical and numerical modeling |
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