Elevated physical weathering exceeds chemical weathering of clays during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum in the continental Bighorn Basin (Wyoming, USA)
The Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) global warming event at ∼56 million years before present changed catchment weathering and erosion. Increased chemical weathering of silicate minerals is thought to be an important process removing CO2 from the atmosphere. However, changes in clay mineralog...
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| Published in | Palaeogeography, palaeoclimatology, palaeoecology Vol. 615; p. 111445 |
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| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Elsevier B.V
01.04.2023
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | The Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) global warming event at ∼56 million years before present changed catchment weathering and erosion. Increased chemical weathering of silicate minerals is thought to be an important process removing CO2 from the atmosphere. However, changes in clay mineralogy can often be explained by enhanced erosion of catchment laterites during the event. Here, we investigate chemical and physical weathering and erosive flux changes through the PETM interval in the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming, a Laramide foreland basin, in a proximal continental-interior alluvial setting. These show an increase of detrital smectite with a lag time of 20-kyr after the main onset the PETM. The smectite increase continued for at least 50-kyr after the event. In-situ, post-depositional pedogenic clay mineral formation is similar between pre-PETM and PETM soil profiles, despite large macroscopic differences between soils that formed before and during the event. Drier, hotter summers during the PETM probably caused decreased vegetation cover that, in concert with more frequent and heavier rainstorms, intensified the erosion of smectite-rich Cretaceous bentonites on the margins of the catchment, which exceeded changes in chemical weathering within the catchment. The lagged response in reaching full PETM clay mineral values can be explained by the time required for upstream sediment to reach the catchment basin floodplain. The prolonged nature of smectite enhancement after the PETM event may again relate to signal propagation times that are now even longer due to lower fluvial recycling rates. Our results indicate that chemical weathering changes were probably superceded by enhanced physical weathering and clay-mineral transport from basin margins at this continental-interior study site.
•Clay mineralogy shows an increase and lagged response of smectites during the PETM in Bighorn Basin, Wyoming.•Smectites are dependent on grain-size sorting rather than in situ pedogenesis after deposition.•Enhanced physical weathering and erosion are responsible to the increase of smectites during the PETM.•Chemical weathering changes were likely overruled by enhanced physical weathering and erosion at the continental interior. |
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| AbstractList | The Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) global warming event at ∼56 million years before present changed catchment weathering and erosion. Increased chemical weathering of silicate minerals is thought to be an important process removing CO2 from the atmosphere. However, changes in clay mineralogy can often be explained by enhanced erosion of catchment laterites during the event. Here, we investigate chemical and physical weathering and erosive flux changes through the PETM interval in the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming, a Laramide foreland basin, in a proximal continental-interior alluvial setting. These show an increase of detrital smectite with a lag time of 20-kyr after the main onset the PETM. The smectite increase continued for at least 50-kyr after the event. In-situ, post-depositional pedogenic clay mineral formation is similar between pre-PETM and PETM soil profiles, despite large macroscopic differences between soils that formed before and during the event. Drier, hotter summers during the PETM probably caused decreased vegetation cover that, in concert with more frequent and heavier rainstorms, intensified the erosion of smectite-rich Cretaceous bentonites on the margins of the catchment, which exceeded changes in chemical weathering within the catchment. The lagged response in reaching full PETM clay mineral values can be explained by the time required for upstream sediment to reach the catchment basin floodplain. The prolonged nature of smectite enhancement after the PETM event may again relate to signal propagation times that are now even longer due to lower fluvial recycling rates. Our results indicate that chemical weathering changes were probably superceded by enhanced physical weathering and clay-mineral transport from basin margins at this continental-interior study site.
•Clay mineralogy shows an increase and lagged response of smectites during the PETM in Bighorn Basin, Wyoming.•Smectites are dependent on grain-size sorting rather than in situ pedogenesis after deposition.•Enhanced physical weathering and erosion are responsible to the increase of smectites during the PETM.•Chemical weathering changes were likely overruled by enhanced physical weathering and erosion at the continental interior. |
| ArticleNumber | 111445 |
| Author | Lourens, Lucas J. Zhao, Chenlei Wang, Chaowen Gingerich, Philip D. Yin, Ke Ji, Kaipeng Song, Bowen Xu, Yanxiao Prins, Maarten Abels, Hemmo A. Hong, Hanlie |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Kaipeng surname: Ji fullname: Ji, Kaipeng organization: School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Lumo Road 388, Wuhan 430074, China – sequence: 2 givenname: Chaowen surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Chaowen email: c.w.wang@cug.edu.cn organization: Gemmological Institute, China University of Geosciences, Lumo Road 388, Wuhan 430074, China – sequence: 3 givenname: Hanlie surname: Hong fullname: Hong, Hanlie organization: School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Lumo Road 388, Wuhan 430074, China – sequence: 4 givenname: Ke surname: Yin fullname: Yin, Ke organization: School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Lumo Road 388, Wuhan 430074, China – sequence: 5 givenname: Chenlei surname: Zhao fullname: Zhao, Chenlei organization: School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Lumo Road 388, Wuhan 430074, China – sequence: 6 givenname: Yanxiao surname: Xu fullname: Xu, Yanxiao organization: School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Lumo Road 388, Wuhan 430074, China – sequence: 7 givenname: Bowen surname: Song fullname: Song, Bowen organization: Institute of Geological Survey, China University of Geosciences, Lumo Road 388, Wuhan 430074, China – sequence: 8 givenname: Maarten surname: Prins fullname: Prins, Maarten organization: Faculty of Earth Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, Amsterdam 1081 HV, the Netherlands – sequence: 9 givenname: Lucas J. surname: Lourens fullname: Lourens, Lucas J. organization: Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Princetonlaan 8a, Utrecht 3584 CB, the Netherlands – sequence: 10 givenname: Philip D. surname: Gingerich fullname: Gingerich, Philip D. organization: Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan, Varsity Drive 3600, Ann Arbor, MI 48108-2228, USA – sequence: 11 givenname: Hemmo A. surname: Abels fullname: Abels, Hemmo A. organization: Department of Geosciences and Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, Delft 2628CN, the Netherlands |
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| Keywords | Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum Polecat Bench Paleoclimatology Smectite Continental weathering |
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| Title | Elevated physical weathering exceeds chemical weathering of clays during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum in the continental Bighorn Basin (Wyoming, USA) |
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