Altitude, vegetation, paleoclimate, and radiocarbon age of the basal layer of peatlands of the Serra do Espinhaço Meridional, Brazil
Peatlands are important chronological archives of paleoenvironmental changes, since they preserve materials which enable reconstruction of paleoenvironments from the Late Pleistocene. The Serra do Espinhaço Meridional (SdEM), located in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, can be considered one of the...
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Published in | Journal of South American earth sciences Vol. 103; p. 102728 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
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Elsevier Ltd
01.11.2020
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Abstract | Peatlands are important chronological archives of paleoenvironmental changes, since they preserve materials which enable reconstruction of paleoenvironments from the Late Pleistocene. The Serra do Espinhaço Meridional (SdEM), located in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, can be considered one of the main areas of tropical mountain peatlands on Earth. When climate conditions are favorable, peatland formation occurs through the combination of lithology with relief and vegetation, whereby depressions favor the accumulation of water and nutrient poverty of quartzite lithologies induces the growth of vegetation rich in C metabolites and lignin. Anaerobiosis, together with organic matter resilience, low pH, and high Al3+ content, favor the successive accumulation of organic matter in time and space. The aim of this study is to correlate the age of basal organic matter of the SdEM peatlands with their altitudes and to identify the environmental factors that acted upon peatland formation. Eleven peatlands, situated between 1244 and 2014 m a.s.l., were identified using satellite imagery and cores were sampled in the field. Eighteen cores were collected from under grasslands and forest clusters in aluminum tubes of 8 cm in diameter. The basal layers, between 15 and 397 cm deep, had carbon content, average decomposition stage of organic matter, and radiocarbon age determined. Average carbon content increases and average decomposition stage of organic matter decreases with altitude. The peatlands situated below 1370 m a.s.l. would have begun to form in the Late Pleistocene, while those situated between 1580 and 1610 m a.s.l. would have begun to form in the Early and Middle Holocene, and those situated between 1760 and 2014 m a.s.l. would have begun their formation in the Late Holocene. In the southern hemisphere, the average temperatures would have been 9 °C lower than current average temperatures between 22 and 18 kyr BP. and, from 2 to 5 °C lower between 18 and 12 kyr BP. Between 12 and 8.8 kyr BP, the average temperatures varied from +2 to - 1 °C in relation to the current average temperatures. The favorable area for the establishment of vegetation cover in SdEM was smaller in the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) than in the warmer periods of the Holocene. The radiocarbon age of the basement layer of SdEM peatlands decreases with increased altitude. The colder climate of the Late Pleistocene limited the formation of peatlands above 1570 m a.s.l. in SdEM.
•The studied peatlands are chronological archives of paleoenvironmental changes.•The 14C ages of its basal layers are influenced by altitude and paleoclimate.•The 14C age of the basement layer of the peatlands decreases with increased altitude.•The peatlands situated below 1370 m a.s.l. are pleistocenic.•The peatlands situated above 1370 m a.s.l. are holocenic. |
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AbstractList | Peatlands are important chronological archives of paleoenvironmental changes, since they preserve materials which enable reconstruction of paleoenvironments from the Late Pleistocene. The Serra do Espinhaço Meridional (SdEM), located in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, can be considered one of the main areas of tropical mountain peatlands on Earth. When climate conditions are favorable, peatland formation occurs through the combination of lithology with relief and vegetation, whereby depressions favor the accumulation of water and nutrient poverty of quartzite lithologies induces the growth of vegetation rich in C metabolites and lignin. Anaerobiosis, together with organic matter resilience, low pH, and high Al3+ content, favor the successive accumulation of organic matter in time and space. The aim of this study is to correlate the age of basal organic matter of the SdEM peatlands with their altitudes and to identify the environmental factors that acted upon peatland formation. Eleven peatlands, situated between 1244 and 2014 m a.s.l., were identified using satellite imagery and cores were sampled in the field. Eighteen cores were collected from under grasslands and forest clusters in aluminum tubes of 8 cm in diameter. The basal layers, between 15 and 397 cm deep, had carbon content, average decomposition stage of organic matter, and radiocarbon age determined. Average carbon content increases and average decomposition stage of organic matter decreases with altitude. The peatlands situated below 1370 m a.s.l. would have begun to form in the Late Pleistocene, while those situated between 1580 and 1610 m a.s.l. would have begun to form in the Early and Middle Holocene, and those situated between 1760 and 2014 m a.s.l. would have begun their formation in the Late Holocene. In the southern hemisphere, the average temperatures would have been 9 °C lower than current average temperatures between 22 and 18 kyr BP. and, from 2 to 5 °C lower between 18 and 12 kyr BP. Between 12 and 8.8 kyr BP, the average temperatures varied from +2 to - 1 °C in relation to the current average temperatures. The favorable area for the establishment of vegetation cover in SdEM was smaller in the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) than in the warmer periods of the Holocene. The radiocarbon age of the basement layer of SdEM peatlands decreases with increased altitude. The colder climate of the Late Pleistocene limited the formation of peatlands above 1570 m a.s.l. in SdEM.
•The studied peatlands are chronological archives of paleoenvironmental changes.•The 14C ages of its basal layers are influenced by altitude and paleoclimate.•The 14C age of the basement layer of the peatlands decreases with increased altitude.•The peatlands situated below 1370 m a.s.l. are pleistocenic.•The peatlands situated above 1370 m a.s.l. are holocenic. |
ArticleNumber | 102728 |
Author | Mendonça Filho, Carlos Victor Gonçalves, Sabrina Thamyres Vidal-Torrado, Pablo Costa, Camila Rodrigues Silva, Alexandre Christófaro Horàk-Terra, Ingrid Barral, Uidemar Morais Christófaro Silva, Bárbara Pereira Cunha Fernandes, José Sebastião Pinto, Thiago |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Alexandre Christófaro surname: Silva fullname: Silva, Alexandre Christófaro email: alexandre.christo@ufvjm.edu.br organization: Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys (UFVJM), 39100-000, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil – sequence: 2 givenname: Ingrid surname: Horàk-Terra fullname: Horàk-Terra, Ingrid organization: Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys (UFVJM), 39100-000, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil – sequence: 3 givenname: Uidemar Morais surname: Barral fullname: Barral, Uidemar Morais email: uidemarmorais@gmail.com organization: Institute of Geosciences, University of Brasilia (UnB), Darcy Ribeiro Campus, POB 04465, 70919-970, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil – sequence: 4 givenname: Camila Rodrigues surname: Costa fullname: Costa, Camila Rodrigues organization: Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys (UFVJM), 39100-000, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil – sequence: 5 givenname: Sabrina Thamyres surname: Gonçalves fullname: Gonçalves, Sabrina Thamyres organization: Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys (UFVJM), 39100-000, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil – sequence: 6 givenname: Thiago surname: Pinto fullname: Pinto, Thiago organization: Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys (UFVJM), 39100-000, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil – sequence: 7 givenname: Bárbara Pereira surname: Christófaro Silva fullname: Christófaro Silva, Bárbara Pereira email: barbarapcsilva@gmail.com organization: Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), POB 3037, 37200-000, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil – sequence: 8 givenname: José Sebastião surname: Cunha Fernandes fullname: Cunha Fernandes, José Sebastião organization: Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys (UFVJM), 39100-000, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil – sequence: 9 givenname: Carlos Victor surname: Mendonça Filho fullname: Mendonça Filho, Carlos Victor organization: Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys (UFVJM), 39100-000, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil – sequence: 10 givenname: Pablo surname: Vidal-Torrado fullname: Vidal-Torrado, Pablo email: pvidal@usp.br organization: University of São Paulo (Esalq/USP), mailbox 9, 13418-900, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil |
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Keywords | Peatland formation Paleoclimatic changes Holocene Vegetal cover Pleistocene |
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Title | Altitude, vegetation, paleoclimate, and radiocarbon age of the basal layer of peatlands of the Serra do Espinhaço Meridional, Brazil |
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