The effect of wind speed averaging time on sand transport estimates
Wind speed changes continuously in nature, but the characteristics of those changes differed among different time scales. Small-scale variations in wind speed mainly represent the instantaneous characteristics of the wind, whereas wind speed on larger scales can be used to estimate the average sand...
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Published in | Catena (Giessen) Vol. 175; pp. 286 - 293 |
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Main Authors | , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
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Elsevier B.V
01.04.2019
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Abstract | Wind speed changes continuously in nature, but the characteristics of those changes differed among different time scales. Small-scale variations in wind speed mainly represent the instantaneous characteristics of the wind, whereas wind speed on larger scales can be used to estimate the average sand transport rate and soil erosion. The mean wind speed changes greatly as the averaging time used to calculate the mean changes, leading to different estimates of sand transport. In this study, we compared wind speed distribution and the total sand transport calculated using different averaging times (1, 2, 5, 10, 30, and 60 min, respectively). Different time scales produced significant differences in wind speed distribution and in the estimate of wind erosion. As the averaging time increased, the wind speed data series became smoother, peaks became smaller, and the wind speed distribution got narrower. Compared with sand transport calculated from the 1-minute mean wind speed data, all transport values were lower when calculated with averaging times of 2, 5, 10, 30, and 60 min. Thus, averaging the wind speed functions as a “smoothing filter” that tends to eliminate at least some of the high-frequency and low-frequency variability. It therefore affects the estimates of the real wind speed and of the transport and deposition of wind-blown sand. However, sand transport can be converted from the values calculated from different averaging times to a 1-min scale by making use of the conversion equation. Further studies are needed to apply and extend the present findings to improve the prediction of wind erosion.
•Wind speed distribution depends on averaging time.•Averaging time functions as a “smoothing filter” of wind speed and sand transport.•Rapid speed changes should be captured to describe turbulent transport.•We put forward a conversion method to solve the averaging time problem. |
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AbstractList | Wind speed changes continuously in nature, but the characteristics of those changes differed among different time scales. Small-scale variations in wind speed mainly represent the instantaneous characteristics of the wind, whereas wind speed on larger scales can be used to estimate the average sand transport rate and soil erosion. The mean wind speed changes greatly as the averaging time used to calculate the mean changes, leading to different estimates of sand transport. In this study, we compared wind speed distribution and the total sand transport calculated using different averaging times (1, 2, 5, 10, 30, and 60 min, respectively). Different time scales produced significant differences in wind speed distribution and in the estimate of wind erosion. As the averaging time increased, the wind speed data series became smoother, peaks became smaller, and the wind speed distribution got narrower. Compared with sand transport calculated from the 1-minute mean wind speed data, all transport values were lower when calculated with averaging times of 2, 5, 10, 30, and 60 min. Thus, averaging the wind speed functions as a “smoothing filter” that tends to eliminate at least some of the high-frequency and low-frequency variability. It therefore affects the estimates of the real wind speed and of the transport and deposition of wind-blown sand. However, sand transport can be converted from the values calculated from different averaging times to a 1-min scale by making use of the conversion equation. Further studies are needed to apply and extend the present findings to improve the prediction of wind erosion.
•Wind speed distribution depends on averaging time.•Averaging time functions as a “smoothing filter” of wind speed and sand transport.•Rapid speed changes should be captured to describe turbulent transport.•We put forward a conversion method to solve the averaging time problem. |
Author | Cen, Songbo Shen, Yaping Huang, Xiaoqi Zhang, Chunlai Wang, Xuesong |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Yaping surname: Shen fullname: Shen, Yaping – sequence: 2 givenname: Chunlai orcidid: 0000-0002-3502-6150 surname: Zhang fullname: Zhang, Chunlai email: clzhang@bnu.edu.cn – sequence: 3 givenname: Xiaoqi surname: Huang fullname: Huang, Xiaoqi – sequence: 4 givenname: Xuesong surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Xuesong – sequence: 5 givenname: Songbo surname: Cen fullname: Cen, Songbo |
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CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1016_j_geomorph_2020_107401 crossref_primary_10_3390_inventions5010004 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_geomorph_2021_107616 crossref_primary_10_1002_met_1851 crossref_primary_10_1002_esp_5378 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11368_023_03469_z crossref_primary_10_1016_j_aeolia_2021_100763 crossref_primary_10_1002_jrs_6574 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_catena_2021_105372 crossref_primary_10_3390_app132111967 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_geomorph_2020_107193 crossref_primary_10_3390_s22113988 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_catena_2022_106112 crossref_primary_10_1038_s43247_024_01444_1 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10546_022_00733_6 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11629_020_6526_0 |
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