Biodiesel Production from Corn Oil via Enzymatic Catalysis with Ethanol

This work presents experimental results on alkali and enzymatic catalysis of corn oil into biodiesel with an optimization of operating conditions and further experiments on enzyme reuse. A comparison of the alkali-catalyzed methanolysis and ethanolysis of corn oil is done, followed by the study of t...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published inEnergy & fuels Vol. 26; no. 5; pp. 3034 - 3041
Main Authors Mata, Teresa M, Sousa, Igor R.B.G, Vieira, Sara S, Caetano, Nídia S
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published American Chemical Society 17.05.2012
Subjects
Online AccessGet full text

Cover

Loading…
Abstract This work presents experimental results on alkali and enzymatic catalysis of corn oil into biodiesel with an optimization of operating conditions and further experiments on enzyme reuse. A comparison of the alkali-catalyzed methanolysis and ethanolysis of corn oil is done, followed by the study of the enzymatic-catalyzed ethanolysis using the alcohol at different concentrations (ethanol absolute, 96%, and 70%, v/v). Results show that the best operating conditions for biodiesel production using absolute ethanol (containing no water) as reagent are an oil/alcohol molar ratio of 1:6, a catalyst/oil weight percentage of 2.8 wt %, a reaction time of 12 h, and a reaction temperature of 35 °C. For these conditions it was possible to obtain a reaction yield of 98.95 wt % with a fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE) content of 69.2 wt %, with linoleate (C18:2) and oleate (C18:1) being the most significant esters (with relative percentages of 42.97 wt % and 22.54 wt %, respectively). Regarding the evaluation of the enzyme activity loss during reaction, it was concluded that under these conditions it is possible to reuse the enzyme four times after which there was a significant loss of the biodiesel quality according to the EN 14214:2009 standard.
AbstractList This work presents experimental results on alkali and enzymatic catalysis of corn oil into biodiesel with an optimization of operating conditions and further experiments on enzyme reuse. A comparison of the alkali-catalyzed methanolysis and ethanolysis of corn oil is done, followed by the study of the enzymatic-catalyzed ethanolysis using the alcohol at different concentrations (ethanol absolute, 96%, and 70%, v/v). Results show that the best operating conditions for biodiesel production using absolute ethanol (containing no water) as reagent are an oil/alcohol molar ratio of 1:6, a catalyst/oil weight percentage of 2.8 wt %, a reaction time of 12 h, and a reaction temperature of 35 °C. For these conditions it was possible to obtain a reaction yield of 98.95 wt % with a fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE) content of 69.2 wt %, with linoleate (C18:2) and oleate (C18:1) being the most significant esters (with relative percentages of 42.97 wt % and 22.54 wt %, respectively). Regarding the evaluation of the enzyme activity loss during reaction, it was concluded that under these conditions it is possible to reuse the enzyme four times after which there was a significant loss of the biodiesel quality according to the EN 14214:2009 standard.
This work presents experimental results on alkali and enzymatic catalysis of corn oil into biodiesel with an optimization of operating conditions and further experiments on enzyme reuse. A comparison of the alkali-catalyzed methanolysis and ethanolysis of corn oil is done, followed by the study of the enzymatic-catalyzed ethanolysis using the alcohol at different concentrations (ethanol absolute, 96%, and 70%, v/v). Results show that the best operating conditions for biodiesel production using absolute ethanol (containing no water) as reagent are an oil/alcohol molar ratio of 1:6, a catalyst/oil weight percentage of 2.8 wt %, a reaction time of 12 h, and a reaction temperature of 35 degree C. For these conditions it was possible to obtain a reaction yield of 98.95 wt % with a fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE) content of 69.2 wt %, with linoleate (C18:2) and oleate (C18:1) being the most significant esters (with relative percentages of 42.97 wt % and 22.54 wt %, respectively). Regarding the evaluation of the enzyme activity loss during reaction, it was concluded that under these conditions it is possible to reuse the enzyme four times after which there was a significant loss of the biodiesel quality according to the EN 14214:2009 standard.
Author Mata, Teresa M
Vieira, Sara S
Caetano, Nídia S
Sousa, Igor R.B.G
AuthorAffiliation Polytechnic Institute of Porto (IPP)
University of Porto (FEUP)
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: University of Porto (FEUP)
– name: Polytechnic Institute of Porto (IPP)
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Teresa M
  surname: Mata
  fullname: Mata, Teresa M
  email: tmata@fe.up.pt
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Igor R.B.G
  surname: Sousa
  fullname: Sousa, Igor R.B.G
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Sara S
  surname: Vieira
  fullname: Vieira, Sara S
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Nídia S
  surname: Caetano
  fullname: Caetano, Nídia S
BookMark eNpt0LFOwzAQBmALFYm2MPAGXpBgCJydOE5GiEpBqlQGmC3HsVVXiV3sBFSenqAgJqYb7tPpv3-BZs47jdAlgVsClNxpkwKkpDQnaE4YhYQBLWdoDkXBE8hpdoYWMe4BIE8LNkfrB-sbq6Nu8UvwzaB66x02wXe48sHhrW3xh5V45b6OneytwpXsZXuMNuJP2-_wqt9J59tzdGpkG_XF71yit8fVa_WUbLbr5-p-k8gxVJ80LFW8YEpmnBNNSTNGhKyp6zzPUkOgMEzm9bjI6xpYSRXTGeNZ3ZCSQcp5ukTX091D8O-Djr3obFS6baXTfoiCcCBAaFnSkd5MVAUfY9BGHILtZDgKAuKnLPFX1mivJitVFHs_BDc-8Y_7Bq38aIE
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_1016_j_egypro_2017_10_258
crossref_primary_10_1021_ef401823z
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_indcrop_2017_08_013
crossref_primary_10_1515_ijcre_2017_0130
crossref_primary_10_1021_acs_energyfuels_5b00849
crossref_primary_10_3390_su131910837
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_fuel_2015_12_018
crossref_primary_10_4236_ijoc_2014_42011
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_carres_2013_11_005
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_rser_2018_04_024
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_catcom_2013_08_014
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_biombioe_2014_07_005
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_egypro_2017_10_247
crossref_primary_10_3389_fenrg_2020_00101
crossref_primary_10_1007_s40089_022_00372_2
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_biortech_2017_09_106
crossref_primary_10_3390_chemengineering8010016
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_egypro_2017_10_306
crossref_primary_10_1007_s12155_017_9857_0
crossref_primary_10_1007_s12649_018_0357_z
crossref_primary_10_1002_ece3_8026
crossref_primary_10_1007_s13204_021_02185_9
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11708_021_0730_7
crossref_primary_10_1007_s12668_024_01319_x
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_egypro_2017_05_133
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_seta_2013_06_001
crossref_primary_10_22201_fesz_23958723e_2019_0_174
crossref_primary_10_1007_s12649_016_9790_z
crossref_primary_10_1002_aocs_12582
crossref_primary_10_1007_s10311_013_0448_9
crossref_primary_10_1007_s12209_014_2242_6
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jclepro_2018_02_253
Cites_doi 10.1080/10242420410001661222
10.1016/j.cattod.2010.12.028
10.1016/S1381-1177(02)00020-6
10.1016/j.fuel.2011.08.010
10.1016/j.biortech.2011.12.109
10.1002/ejlt.200800255
10.1016/j.fuel.2011.06.049
10.1016/j.fuproc.2010.12.023
10.2298/CICEQ100224058G
10.1016/j.enconman.2007.05.002
10.1021/ef010174h
10.1016/j.bbamem.2010.11.031
10.1002/chir.20361
10.1039/c0ee00085j
10.1007/s11746-007-1048-2
10.4061/2011/814507
10.1007/s11746-008-1284-0
10.1007/s11746-003-0705-1
10.1016/j.fuproc.2004.11.002
10.1021/ef700639e
10.1021/ef2010207
10.1002/lite.201100147
10.1016/j.procbio.2006.09.024
10.1080/15567030701457392
10.1016/j.biortech.2012.01.143
10.1016/j.apcata.2010.02.009
10.1016/j.renene.2011.08.007
10.1007/s10098-010-0346-9
10.1016/j.biortech.2010.03.089
10.1007/s11746-007-1143-4
10.1016/S0957-4166(03)00358-6
10.1016/j.jclepro.2010.04.014
10.1016/j.rser.2009.07.020
10.1016/j.molcatb.2006.06.012
10.1039/b807094f
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright Copyright © 2012 American Chemical Society
Copyright_xml – notice: Copyright © 2012 American Chemical Society
DBID AAYXX
CITATION
7SP
7SR
7TB
8BQ
8FD
FR3
H8D
JG9
L7M
DOI 10.1021/ef300319f
DatabaseName CrossRef
Electronics & Communications Abstracts
Engineered Materials Abstracts
Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts
METADEX
Technology Research Database
Engineering Research Database
Aerospace Database
Materials Research Database
Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace
DatabaseTitle CrossRef
Materials Research Database
Aerospace Database
Engineered Materials Abstracts
Technology Research Database
Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts
Electronics & Communications Abstracts
Engineering Research Database
Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace
METADEX
DatabaseTitleList
Materials Research Database
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Engineering
Chemistry
EISSN 1520-5029
EndPage 3041
ExternalDocumentID 10_1021_ef300319f
c59359554
GroupedDBID 02
4.4
55A
5GY
7~N
AABXI
ABFLS
ABMVS
ABUCX
ACGFS
ACJ
ACS
AEESW
AENEX
AFEFF
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
AQSVZ
CS3
DU5
EBS
ED
ED~
EJD
F5P
GNL
IH9
JG
JG~
LG6
P2P
ROL
TAE
TN5
UI2
VF5
VG9
W1F
X
-~X
.DC
5VS
AAHBH
AAYXX
ABJNI
ABQRX
ACGFO
ADHLV
AGXLV
AHGAQ
BAANH
CITATION
CUPRZ
GGK
ZCA
~02
7SP
7SR
7TB
8BQ
8FD
FR3
H8D
JG9
L7M
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-a319t-d53c785ca4771e21d52004dbb6643f108f5a6be216bb0592c5e4574bd19503773
IEDL.DBID ACS
ISSN 0887-0624
IngestDate Fri Aug 16 10:21:09 EDT 2024
Fri Aug 23 03:51:06 EDT 2024
Thu Aug 27 13:44:49 EDT 2020
IsDoiOpenAccess false
IsOpenAccess true
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 5
Language English
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-a319t-d53c785ca4771e21d52004dbb6643f108f5a6be216bb0592c5e4574bd19503773
Notes ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 23
OpenAccessLink http://hdl.handle.net/10216/104651
PQID 1701012992
PQPubID 23500
PageCount 8
ParticipantIDs proquest_miscellaneous_1701012992
crossref_primary_10_1021_ef300319f
acs_journals_10_1021_ef300319f
ProviderPackageCode JG~
55A
AABXI
GNL
VF5
7~N
ACJ
VG9
W1F
ACS
AEESW
AFEFF
ABMVS
ABUCX
IH9
AQSVZ
ED~
UI2
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2012-05-17
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2012-05-17
PublicationDate_xml – month: 05
  year: 2012
  text: 2012-05-17
  day: 17
PublicationDecade 2010
PublicationTitle Energy & fuels
PublicationTitleAlternate Energy Fuels
PublicationYear 2012
Publisher American Chemical Society
Publisher_xml – name: American Chemical Society
References Balat M. (ref29/cit29) 2008; 30
Zhou W. (ref35/cit35) 2003; 80
Knothe G. (ref42/cit42) 2008; 22
Shimada Y. (ref15/cit15) 2002; 17
Bernardes O. L. (ref8/cit8) 2007; 136
García M. (ref18/cit18) 2011; 17
Xu Y. (ref25/cit25) 2004; 22
Kucek K. T. (ref34/cit34) 2007; 84
Mata T. M. (ref6/cit6) 2011; 13
Morais S. (ref30/cit30) 2010; 18
Ferreira P. J. (ref9/cit9) 2008
Mata T. M. (ref4/cit4) 2010; 14
ref31/cit31
Mata T. M. (ref5/cit5) 2011; 25
Rodrigues R. C. (ref40/cit40) 2008; 85
Encinar J. M. (ref39/cit39) 2002; 16
Gog A. (ref10/cit10) 2012; 39
ref28/cit28
Pérez-Victoria I. (ref21/cit21) 2011; 1808
Verdugo C. (ref13/cit13) 2011; 167
Stamenković O. S. (ref19/cit19) 2011; 90
Faigl F. (ref22/cit22) 2007; 19
Hájek M. (ref32/cit32) 2012; 110
ref26/cit26
Kim M. (ref33/cit33) 2010; 378
Li L. L. (ref24/cit24) 2006; 43
Luque R. (ref2/cit2) 2008; 1
Ferrão-Gonzales A. D. (ref17/cit17) 2011; 92
Paizs C. (ref23/cit23) 2003; 14
Shah S. (ref14/cit14) 2007; 42
Nielsen P. M. (ref11/cit11) 2011; 23
Verdugo C. (ref12/cit12) 2010; 101
Watanabe Y. (ref16/cit16) 2007; 84
Mata T. M. (ref7/cit7) 2012; 107
Černoch M. (ref36/cit36) 2009; 111
Knothe G. (ref41/cit41) 2005; 86
Guzatto R. (ref20/cit20) 2012; 92
ref1/cit1
ref38/cit38
Demirbas A. (ref37/cit37) 2008; 49
Moretto E. (ref27/cit27) 1998
Luque R. (ref3/cit3) 2010; 3
References_xml – ident: ref26/cit26
– ident: ref31/cit31
– volume: 22
  start-page: 45
  issue: 1
  year: 2004
  ident: ref25/cit25
  publication-title: Biocatal. Biotransform.
  doi: 10.1080/10242420410001661222
  contributor:
    fullname: Xu Y.
– volume: 167
  start-page: 107
  issue: 1
  year: 2011
  ident: ref13/cit13
  publication-title: Catal. Today
  doi: 10.1016/j.cattod.2010.12.028
  contributor:
    fullname: Verdugo C.
– volume: 17
  start-page: 133
  issue: 3
  year: 2002
  ident: ref15/cit15
  publication-title: J. Mol. Catal. B: Enzym.
  doi: 10.1016/S1381-1177(02)00020-6
  contributor:
    fullname: Shimada Y.
– volume: 92
  start-page: 197
  issue: 1
  year: 2012
  ident: ref20/cit20
  publication-title: Fuel
  doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2011.08.010
  contributor:
    fullname: Guzatto R.
– volume: 107
  start-page: 151
  year: 2012
  ident: ref7/cit7
  publication-title: Bioresour. Technol.
  doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.12.109
  contributor:
    fullname: Mata T. M.
– volume: 111
  start-page: 663
  issue: 7
  year: 2009
  ident: ref36/cit36
  publication-title: Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol.
  doi: 10.1002/ejlt.200800255
  contributor:
    fullname: Černoch M.
– volume-title: Bioenergy: Challenges and Opportunities, International Conference and Exhibition on Bioenergy
  year: 2008
  ident: ref9/cit9
  contributor:
    fullname: Ferreira P. J.
– volume: 136
  start-page: 105
  issue: 1
  year: 2007
  ident: ref8/cit8
  publication-title: Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol.
  contributor:
    fullname: Bernardes O. L.
– volume: 90
  start-page: 3141
  issue: 11
  year: 2011
  ident: ref19/cit19
  publication-title: Fuel
  doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2011.06.049
  contributor:
    fullname: Stamenković O. S.
– volume: 92
  start-page: 1007
  issue: 5
  year: 2011
  ident: ref17/cit17
  publication-title: Fuel Process. Technol.
  doi: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2010.12.023
  contributor:
    fullname: Ferrão-Gonzales A. D.
– volume: 17
  start-page: 91
  issue: 1
  year: 2011
  ident: ref18/cit18
  publication-title: Chem. Ind. Chem. Eng. Q.
  doi: 10.2298/CICEQ100224058G
  contributor:
    fullname: García M.
– volume: 49
  start-page: 125
  issue: 1
  year: 2008
  ident: ref37/cit37
  publication-title: Energy Conv. Manag.
  doi: 10.1016/j.enconman.2007.05.002
  contributor:
    fullname: Demirbas A.
– volume: 16
  start-page: 443
  issue: 2
  year: 2002
  ident: ref39/cit39
  publication-title: Energy Fuels
  doi: 10.1021/ef010174h
  contributor:
    fullname: Encinar J. M.
– volume: 1808
  start-page: 717
  issue: 3
  year: 2011
  ident: ref21/cit21
  publication-title: Biochim. Biophys. Acta, Biomembr.
  doi: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2010.11.031
  contributor:
    fullname: Pérez-Victoria I.
– ident: ref1/cit1
– volume: 19
  start-page: 197
  issue: 3
  year: 2007
  ident: ref22/cit22
  publication-title: Chirality
  doi: 10.1002/chir.20361
  contributor:
    fullname: Faigl F.
– volume-title: Tecnologia de Óleos E Gorduras Vegetais na Indústria de Alimentos
  year: 1998
  ident: ref27/cit27
  contributor:
    fullname: Moretto E.
– ident: ref28/cit28
– volume: 3
  start-page: 1706
  year: 2010
  ident: ref3/cit3
  publication-title: Energy Environ. Sci.
  doi: 10.1039/c0ee00085j
  contributor:
    fullname: Luque R.
– volume: 84
  start-page: 385
  issue: 4
  year: 2007
  ident: ref34/cit34
  publication-title: J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc.
  doi: 10.1007/s11746-007-1048-2
  contributor:
    fullname: Kucek K. T.
– ident: ref38/cit38
  doi: 10.4061/2011/814507
– volume: 85
  start-page: 925
  issue: 10
  year: 2008
  ident: ref40/cit40
  publication-title: J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc.
  doi: 10.1007/s11746-008-1284-0
  contributor:
    fullname: Rodrigues R. C.
– volume: 80
  start-page: 367
  issue: 4
  year: 2003
  ident: ref35/cit35
  publication-title: J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc.
  doi: 10.1007/s11746-003-0705-1
  contributor:
    fullname: Zhou W.
– volume: 86
  start-page: 1059
  issue: 10
  year: 2005
  ident: ref41/cit41
  publication-title: Fuel Process. Technol.
  doi: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2004.11.002
  contributor:
    fullname: Knothe G.
– volume: 22
  start-page: 1358
  issue: 2
  year: 2008
  ident: ref42/cit42
  publication-title: Energy Fuels
  doi: 10.1021/ef700639e
  contributor:
    fullname: Knothe G.
– volume: 25
  start-page: 4756
  issue: 10
  year: 2011
  ident: ref5/cit5
  publication-title: Energy Fuels
  doi: 10.1021/ef2010207
  contributor:
    fullname: Mata T. M.
– volume: 23
  start-page: 230
  issue: 10
  year: 2011
  ident: ref11/cit11
  publication-title: Lipid Technol.
  doi: 10.1002/lite.201100147
  contributor:
    fullname: Nielsen P. M.
– volume: 42
  start-page: 409
  issue: 3
  year: 2007
  ident: ref14/cit14
  publication-title: Process Biochem.
  doi: 10.1016/j.procbio.2006.09.024
  contributor:
    fullname: Shah S.
– volume: 30
  start-page: 1856
  issue: 20
  year: 2008
  ident: ref29/cit29
  publication-title: Energy Sources, Part A
  doi: 10.1080/15567030701457392
  contributor:
    fullname: Balat M.
– volume: 110
  start-page: 288
  year: 2012
  ident: ref32/cit32
  publication-title: Bioresour. Technol.
  doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.01.143
  contributor:
    fullname: Hájek M.
– volume: 378
  start-page: 134
  issue: 2
  year: 2010
  ident: ref33/cit33
  publication-title: Appl. Catal., A
  doi: 10.1016/j.apcata.2010.02.009
  contributor:
    fullname: Kim M.
– volume: 39
  start-page: 10
  issue: 1
  year: 2012
  ident: ref10/cit10
  publication-title: Renewable Energy
  doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2011.08.007
  contributor:
    fullname: Gog A.
– volume: 13
  start-page: 655
  issue: 5
  year: 2011
  ident: ref6/cit6
  publication-title: Clean Technol. Environ. Policy
  doi: 10.1007/s10098-010-0346-9
  contributor:
    fullname: Mata T. M.
– volume: 101
  start-page: 6657
  issue: 17
  year: 2010
  ident: ref12/cit12
  publication-title: Bioresour. Technol.
  doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.03.089
  contributor:
    fullname: Verdugo C.
– volume: 84
  start-page: 1015
  issue: 11
  year: 2007
  ident: ref16/cit16
  publication-title: J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc.
  doi: 10.1007/s11746-007-1143-4
  contributor:
    fullname: Watanabe Y.
– volume: 14
  start-page: 1943
  issue: 13
  year: 2003
  ident: ref23/cit23
  publication-title: Tetrahedron: Asymmetry
  doi: 10.1016/S0957-4166(03)00358-6
  contributor:
    fullname: Paizs C.
– volume: 18
  start-page: 1251
  year: 2010
  ident: ref30/cit30
  publication-title: J. Clean Prod.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2010.04.014
  contributor:
    fullname: Morais S.
– volume: 14
  start-page: 217
  year: 2010
  ident: ref4/cit4
  publication-title: Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev.
  doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2009.07.020
  contributor:
    fullname: Mata T. M.
– volume: 43
  start-page: 58
  issue: 1
  year: 2006
  ident: ref24/cit24
  publication-title: J. Mol. Catal. B: Enzym.
  doi: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2006.06.012
  contributor:
    fullname: Li L. L.
– volume: 1
  start-page: 542
  year: 2008
  ident: ref2/cit2
  publication-title: Energy Environ. Sci.
  doi: 10.1039/b807094f
  contributor:
    fullname: Luque R.
SSID ssj0006385
Score 2.274703
Snippet This work presents experimental results on alkali and enzymatic catalysis of corn oil into biodiesel with an optimization of operating conditions and further...
SourceID proquest
crossref
acs
SourceType Aggregation Database
Publisher
StartPage 3034
SubjectTerms Alcohols
Biodiesel
Catalysis
Corn oil
Enzymes
Esters
Ethanol
Ethyl alcohol
Reuse
Title Biodiesel Production from Corn Oil via Enzymatic Catalysis with Ethanol
URI http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ef300319f
https://search.proquest.com/docview/1701012992
Volume 26
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
link http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwhV3JTsMwEB2VcgAOLAVEWSqzXFMS24mTYwktFRKLBJV6i2zHkSqqBLUpEv167LSpWrGds1kzE8_zjP0ewJWfxJL4Qlh-gJVFRaAsDeqlRRW3fSqpKwoVhYdHr9uj9323X4HLXzr42LlWCTGRFyRrsI6ZHRh9hlb4sphudQC5JZ2n7WFa0gctP2pSjxyvpp7VmbdIJ50duC0P5cx2kbw1J7loyul3jsa_RroL23M4iVoz_-9BRaU12AhLFbcabC0RDu7D3c0gM9sG1RA9z6hetVuQOWKCwmyUoqfBEH0MOGqn08-CyxWFprxjWEuQqdiitqm0Z8MD6HXar2HXmkspWFwPKLdil0jmu5JTxhyFndiwLdFYCE8jksSx_cTlntAXPCE04MLSVdRlVMRGJZYwRg6hmmapOgKkiKeXJIpQKTj1pF4CSRonBPvcVxp-4Do0tK2j-a8wjoouN3aihXXqcFG6IXqfUWr8dNN56aBIW8x0MXiqsol-HzO0eDqL4uP_vnQCmxrfYNPsd9gpVPPRRJ1pDJGLRhFDX3oYvk8
link.rule.ids 315,783,787,2774,27090,27938,27939,57072,57122
linkProvider American Chemical Society
linkToHtml http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwjV3dT8IwEG8UH9AHP1AjfmA1vg5Z167jERcQFdBESHhb1q5LiGQzfJjIX-91HwjGRJ-3dZe7a-_X3vV3CN04YSAtRwjDqRNlUFFXBoB6aVDl1xwqKRNJF4Vuz24P6OOQDTOaHH0XBoSYwkjTJIn_zS5g3qrQ0g5YDzfRFuM1rrsVNNzX5aoLfsRyVs-aTWjOIrT6qY5AcroegdYX4CSqtPbS9kSJPEkxyVt1PhNVufhB1fg_gffRbgYucSP1hgO0oaISKrp5T7cS2lmhHzxE93ejWBcRqjF-SYlfwUhYXzjBbjyJ8PNojD9GPm5Gi8-E2RW7-rBHc5hgfX6Lm_rcPR4foUGr2XfbRtZYwfBBoJkRMEtyh0mfcm4qYgaae4kGQtiAT0Kz5oTMtwU8sIUA-EUkU5RxKgLdM9bi3DpGhSiO1AnCyrJhg6IsKoVPbQkbIkmD0CKO7ygAI6SMKqAcL5sYUy_JeRPTW2qnjK5za3jvKcHGby9d5XbyQGM6p-FHKp7DeFyT5EFMJad__ekSFdv9bsfrPPSeztA2IB-iywBMfo4Ks8lcXQC6mIlK4lZffoPGuA
linkToPdf http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwjV1ZT8MwDLY4JI4HjgHiJiBeO9Y0abrHUTbugQST9lY1aSpNTO3EOiT49ThdO20ICZ7bplbsxJ9j5zPAuRdHyvGktLw61RaTdW0hqFcW02HNY4pxmXdReGy7Nx121-XdIlA0d2FQiCGONMyT-GZVD6K4YBiwL3TsGCOsx_OwyIVNTceChv8y2XnRlnjJ7FlzKSuZhKY_NV5IDWe90OwmnHuW1jo8TWTKC0reqqNMVtXXD7rG_wu9AWsFyCSNsVVswpxOKrDsl73dKrA6RUO4BdeXvdQUE-o-eR4TwKKyiLl4Qvz0PSFPvT756IWkmXx95gyvxDeHPobLhJhzXNI05-9pfxs6rearf2MVDRasEAXKrIg7SnhchUwIW1M7MhxMLJLSRZwS2zUv5qEr8YErJcIwqrhmXDAZmd6xjhDODiwkaaJ3gWjHxUBFO0zJkLkKAyPFotihXuhpBCV0D45xgoJigQyDPPdN7WAyO3twVmokGIyJNn576bTUVYAzZnIbYaLTEY4nDFke-la6_9efTmDp-aoVPNy27w9gBQEQNdUAtjiEhex9pI8QZGTyOLesbyFCyTI
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Biodiesel+Production+from+Corn+Oil+via+Enzymatic+Catalysis+with+Ethanol&rft.jtitle=Energy+%26+fuels&rft.au=Mata%2C+Teresa+M.&rft.au=Sousa%2C+Igor+R.B.G.&rft.au=Vieira%2C+Sara+S.&rft.au=Caetano%2C+N%C3%ADdia+S.&rft.date=2012-05-17&rft.issn=0887-0624&rft.eissn=1520-5029&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=3034&rft.epage=3041&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Fef300319f&rft.externalDBID=n%2Fa&rft.externalDocID=10_1021_ef300319f
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0887-0624&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0887-0624&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0887-0624&client=summon