Energy-Efficient and Semi-automated Truck Platooning Research and Evaluation
This open access book presents research and evaluation results of the Austrian flagship project “Connecting Austria,” illustrating the wide range of research needs and questions that arise when semi-automated truck platooning is deployed in Austria. The work presented is introduced in the context of...
Saved in:
| Main Author | |
|---|---|
| Format | eBook |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Cham
Springer Nature
2022
Springer International Publishing Springer International Publishing AG Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG) |
| Edition | 1 |
| Series | Lecture Notes in Intelligent Transportation and Infrastructure |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISBN | 3030886824 9783030886820 9783030886813 3030886816 |
| DOI | 10.1007/978-3-030-88682-0 |
Cover
Table of Contents:
- Intro -- Foreword by Richard Bishop -- Foreword by Michael Nikowitz -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- Editors and Contributors -- Part I Contextualising Truck Platooning -- 1 Connecting Austria Project Outline -- 1.1 Connecting Austria in a Nutshell -- 1.2 Connecting Austria's Objectives -- 1.3 Technology Domains of Connecting Austria and the Planned Testing Procedure -- 1.4 Connecting Austria Use Cases -- 1.4.1 Use Case 1: Trucks Entering the Motorway -- 1.4.2 Use Case 2: Truck Platoon Approaching a Hazardous Location -- 1.4.3 Use Case 3: Truck Platoon Leaving the Motorway -- 1.4.4 Use Case 4: Truck Platoon Crossing an Intersection -- 1.5 Challenges, International Uniqueness and Discussion -- 2 Truck Platooning Worldwide -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Opportunities and Challenges of Truck Platooning -- 2.2.1 Interoperability -- 2.2.2 Road Safety and Traffic Efficiency -- 2.2.3 Operation Costs and Fuel Consumption -- 2.2.4 Reduction of CO2 Emissions -- 2.2.5 Shortage of Professional Drivers -- 2.2.6 New Requirements for Vehicles and the Infrastructure -- 2.3 Conclusion -- References -- 3 Towards Truck Platooning Deployment Requirements -- 3.1 Requirements Related to Energy Efficient Truck Platooning -- 3.2 User and Other Road User Requirements -- 3.2.1 Truck Driver-Related Requirements -- 3.2.2 Other Road User-Related Requirements -- 3.3 Road Safety Requirements -- 3.4 Technical Requirements Related to C-ITS -- 3.5 Conclusion -- References -- 4 Research Design and Evaluation Strategies for Automated Driving -- 4.1 Benefits of Automated Driving -- 4.1.1 Requirements Conflict Efficiency Versus Safety -- 4.1.2 Requirements Conflict Safety Versus Comfort -- 4.1.3 Requirements Conflict Comfort Versus Effectiveness -- 4.1.4 Requirements Conflict Comfort Versus Efficiency -- 4.1.5 Requirements Conflict Traffic Versus Vehicle Efficiency
- 11 Fuel Efficiency Assessment -- 11.1 Road Infrastructure Assessment -- 11.1.1 Risk-Rated Map -- 11.2 Driving Behaviour Assessment -- 11.3 Efficiency Assessment -- 11.3.1 General Feasibility of Platooning on a Road Segment -- 11.3.2 Economic Viability of Platooning on a Road Segment -- 11.4 Conclusion -- 12 Application of Fuel Efficiency and Traffic Efficiency Assessment -- 12.1 Fuel Efficiency Assessment in a Fleet Operator Case -- 12.2 Traffic Efficiency Assessment -- 12.3 C-ITS Assessment for Dynamic Traffic Control -- 12.4 Conclusion -- Reference -- Part III Towards Cooperative Truck Platooning Deployment -- 13 Road Safety Issues Related to Truck Platooning Deployment -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Legal Aspects for Platooning in Austria -- 13.2.1 Acquiring a Test Permission According to the Austrian Regulation on Automated Driving -- 13.2.2 Does the Current Law Facilitate Testing of Platoons on Austrian Roads? -- 13.2.3 Requirements for Platooning Tests in Austria from a Legal Point of View -- 13.3 Considerations for the Safety Potential of Platooning -- 13.3.1 Safety Potential of Platooning Compared to Existing Safety Assistance Systems -- 13.4 Assessment of Road Infrastructure with Respect to Safe Platooning -- 13.4.1 Performance of the On-Road Assessment -- 13.4.2 Analysis of Road Segments and Considerations for Platooning -- 13.5 Gap Acceptance of Car Drivers for Merging Between Trucks -- 13.6 Discussion -- References -- 14 Business Models, Economy and Innovation -- 14.1 Key Aspects of a Truck Platooning Business Model from a Road Operator's Perspective -- 14.2 Trend Monitoring as a Key Feature for Business Model Development and Innovation -- 14.2.1 Relevance of Trend Monitoring for Business Model Development -- 14.2.2 Applying Trend Monitoring in the Context of Logistics and Automated Driving
- 4.2 Entities with Effects on Automated Driving Performance -- 4.3 Additional Sources of Complexity -- 4.4 Development Procedures -- 4.5 Solution Concept -- 4.5.1 Scenario-Based Approach and Stochastic Simulation -- 4.5.2 Big Data Analytics and Machine Learning -- 4.5.3 Incident and Anomalies Detection -- 4.5.4 Naturalistic Driving and Behavioural Models -- 4.5.5 Effectiveness Rating -- 4.5.6 Cosimulation and Virtual Sensors -- 4.5.7 Complexity and Robustness Management -- References -- Part II Assessment Methodologies and Their Application -- 5 Truck Platoon Slipstream Effects Assessment -- 5.1 Computational Setup -- 5.1.1 Model Geometry and Virtual Wind Tunnel -- 5.1.2 Boundary Conditions -- 5.1.3 Heat Exchanger Model -- 5.1.4 Mesh Generation for Simulation -- 5.1.5 Flow Field Computation -- 5.2 Simulation Results and Discussion -- 5.2.1 Drag Coefficients -- 5.2.2 Fuel Savings -- 5.2.3 Mass Flow Through Heat Exchangers -- 5.3 Conclusion -- References -- 6 Validation of Truck Platoon Slipstream Effects -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Materials and Methods -- 6.2.1 Proving Ground -- 6.2.2 Heavy-Duty Vehicles -- 6.2.3 Sensors -- 6.2.4 Measurement Campaigns -- 6.2.5 Static Pressure -- 6.2.6 Data Preprocessing -- 6.3 Results -- 6.3.1 Static Pressure -- 6.3.2 Fuel Consumption -- 6.3.3 Comparison to Simulation Results -- 6.4 Discussion -- 6.4.1 Instrumentation -- 6.4.2 Measurement Campaign -- 6.4.3 Lessons Learned -- References -- 7 Simulation of Platoon Dynamics, Optimisation and Traffic Effects -- 7.1 Methodology for Scenario-Based Analysis -- 7.1.1 Traffic Detection -- 7.1.2 Naturalistic Driving and Field Operational Tests -- 7.1.3 Traffic Modelling -- 7.1.4 Development of Functions by Scenario Management -- 7.1.5 Evaluation and Analysis of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) -- 7.1.6 Adaptation and Learning
- 14.2.3 Implications for Business Model Development Related to Logistics and Automated Driving -- 14.3 Discussion and Conclusion -- References -- 15 Advanced Powertrain Systems for Platooning-Capable Trucks -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 -Emission Reduction by Different Application Domains -- 15.3 Ultra-low Emissions on Highways and Zero Emissions in Cities -- 15.4 Get the Right Infrastructure for Vehicle Energy Supply -- 15.5 Different Topologies for Truck Drives -- 15.5.1 Truck Propulsion Systems for Highway Domain -- 15.5.2 Truck Propulsion Systems for Urban Domain -- 15.6 Importance of Thermal Management Concepts for Truck Drives -- 15.6.1 Motivation -- 15.6.2 Materials and Methods -- 15.6.3 Results -- 15.6.4 Discussion -- 15.7 Cooling Concepts on the Example of H 2 Driven Trucks -- 15.8 Outlook -- References -- 16 How Platooning Research Enhances the European Innovation System -- 16.1 Introduction -- 16.2 Digital Road Infrastructure Leveraging ITS Systems in Europe -- 16.2.1 Selected Elements of the Current Situation -- 16.2.2 Potential Drivers of Socio-technical Transitions Ahead -- 16.2.3 Particular Demanding Situations for a European Innovation System -- 16.2.4 New Roles for Stakeholders -- 16.2.5 Dynamically Evolving Legal Framework -- 16.3 Discrepancy Between Customer Requirements and Eco-friendly Transport Logistics -- 16.3.1 Technical, Legal, and Social Aspects of C-ITS -- 16.3.2 Critical Discussion of C-ITS and the Needs of Society -- 16.4 Jointly Building Absorptive Capacity in Europe's Innovation System -- References -- 17 Discussion -- 17.1 Traffic Safety and Legal Issues -- 17.2 Sustainability -- 17.3 Truck Platooning Deployment -- 17.4 Some Limitations and Cultural Blind Spots -- Correction to: Energy-Efficient and Semi-automated Truck Platooning
- 7.2 Integral Safety and Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ISS/ADAS) -- 7.2.1 Use Case-Based Representation of Requirements -- 7.2.2 System and Component Rating -- 7.2.3 Data Mapping, Representativeness of Use Cases -- References -- 8 Platoon Control Concepts -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Methodology Overview -- 8.3 Co-simulation-Based Validation -- 8.3.1 String Stability Considerations -- 8.4 Trajectory Optimisation Methodology -- 8.4.1 Optimisation Problem Formulation -- 8.4.2 Trajectory Optimisation for Approaching a Hazardous Location -- 8.4.3 Trajectory Optimisation for Crossing an Intersection -- 8.5 Distributed Model-Predictive Platoon Control -- 8.5.1 Safe-by-Design Local MPC Formulation -- 8.5.2 Validation of Collision Safety via Co-simulation -- 8.5.3 Safe Reduction of Inter-vehicle Distances -- 8.5.4 Situation-Aware Platoon Behaviour via V2V-Communication -- 8.5.5 Consideration of Varying Road Conditions -- 8.6 Conclusion -- References -- 9 Scenario-Based Simulation Studies on Platooning Effects in Traffic -- 9.1 Intersection Scenarios -- 9.1.1 Green Time Extension -- 9.1.2 Coordinated Drive-Away -- 9.1.3 Optimisation of Speeds and Distances Inside the Platoon -- 9.2 Application of Analytic Approaches: Highway Throughput Based on Platooning Headway -- 9.2.1 Analytical Models for the Traffic Throughput -- 9.2.2 Stochastic Variations -- 9.3 Theoretical Lower Limits on Intra-platoon Distance -- 9.3.1 Scenario Definition -- 9.3.2 Evaluation of KPIs -- 10 Energy-Efficient Internet of Things Solution for Traffic Monitoring -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Low Energy Internet of Things Traffic Monitoring System -- 10.2.1 Real-Time Object Detection -- 10.2.2 Sensor Fusion and Object Tracking -- 10.2.3 Traffic Flow Estimation -- 10.3 Traffic Flow Measurement Result -- 10.4 Discussion -- 10.5 Conclusion and Outlook -- References
- Correction to: A. Schirrer et al. (eds.), Energy-Efficient and Semi-automated Truck Platooning, Lecture Notes in Intelligent Transportation and Infrastructure, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-88682-0