Evolutionarily Coupled Finite-Element Mesh-Free Formulation for Modeling Concrete Behaviors under Blast and Impact Loadings
AbstractAn evolutionarily coupled finite-element (FE) and reproducing kernel (RK) formulation is implemented in the Karagozian and Case–finite element/mesh-free (KC-FEMFRE) code for modeling concrete behaviors under blast and impact loadings. Mesh-free methods, such as the RK particle method, have t...
Saved in:
Published in | Journal of engineering mechanics Vol. 139; no. 4; pp. 525 - 536 |
---|---|
Main Authors | , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
American Society of Civil Engineers
01.04.2013
|
Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
Cover
Loading…
Abstract | AbstractAn evolutionarily coupled finite-element (FE) and reproducing kernel (RK) formulation is implemented in the Karagozian and Case–finite element/mesh-free (KC-FEMFRE) code for modeling concrete behaviors under blast and impact loadings. Mesh-free methods, such as the RK particle method, have the capacity to overcome regularization requirements and numerical instabilities that encumber finite-element methods in large deformation problems, and they are also more naturally suited for problems involving material perforation and fragmentation. To enhance efficiency, a novel approach is developed by coupling the FE approximation with the RK approximation in a controllable and evolutionary fashion. A unique domain integration, stabilized conforming nodal integration, is applied to both FE and RK domains, and therefore the state variables are stored at nodal points directly, and thus no state variable transition is required when mesh conversion is performed. This has a wide range of utility, not only related to efficiency of RK simulations, but by providing a consistent numerical approach for element-to-particle conversion. Moreover, the Karagozian and Case concrete (KCC) model is implemented into the KC-FEMFRE framework, and the internal damage variable of the KCC model is used to evolve mesh-free particles. Quasi-static, blast, and high-speed impact problems are simulated by the coupled formulation, and realistic responses are obtained. |
---|---|
AbstractList | AbstractAn evolutionarily coupled finite-element (FE) and reproducing kernel (RK) formulation is implemented in the Karagozian and Case–finite element/mesh-free (KC-FEMFRE) code for modeling concrete behaviors under blast and impact loadings. Mesh-free methods, such as the RK particle method, have the capacity to overcome regularization requirements and numerical instabilities that encumber finite-element methods in large deformation problems, and they are also more naturally suited for problems involving material perforation and fragmentation. To enhance efficiency, a novel approach is developed by coupling the FE approximation with the RK approximation in a controllable and evolutionary fashion. A unique domain integration, stabilized conforming nodal integration, is applied to both FE and RK domains, and therefore the state variables are stored at nodal points directly, and thus no state variable transition is required when mesh conversion is performed. This has a wide range of utility, not only related to efficiency of RK simulations, but by providing a consistent numerical approach for element-to-particle conversion. Moreover, the Karagozian and Case concrete (KCC) model is implemented into the KC-FEMFRE framework, and the internal damage variable of the KCC model is used to evolve mesh-free particles. Quasi-static, blast, and high-speed impact problems are simulated by the coupled formulation, and realistic responses are obtained. |
Author | Choi, Hyung-Jin Magallanes, Joseph M Wu, Youcai Crawford, John E |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Youcai surname: Wu fullname: Wu, Youcai email: wu@kcse.com organization: Senior Engineer, Karagozian & Case, 700 N. Brand Blvd., Suite 700, Glendale, CA 91203 (corresponding author). E-mail – sequence: 2 givenname: Joseph M surname: Magallanes fullname: Magallanes, Joseph M organization: Principal Engineer, Karagozian & Case, 700 N. Brand Blvd., Suite 700, Glendale, CA 91203 – sequence: 3 givenname: Hyung-Jin surname: Choi fullname: Choi, Hyung-Jin organization: Vice President, Karagozian & Case, 700 N. Brand Blvd., Suite 700, Glendale, CA 91203 – sequence: 4 givenname: John E surname: Crawford fullname: Crawford, John E organization: President, Karagozian & Case, 700 N. Brand Blvd., Suite 700, Glendale, CA 91203 |
BookMark | eNp10EFLwzAUwPEgE9ym3yF40kNn0tQ08baNVgcbHtRzyJI319ElI2mF4Ze3ZWM3c3kQ-D0e_xEaOO8AoXtKJpRw-vQw_ZgXj8VqQmXGklwIOSHdy2R-hYaXvwEakpyxRDIpb9Aoxh0hNOOSD9Fv8ePrtqm806Gqj3ju20MNFpeVqxpIihr24Bq8grhNygCASx_2ba17gTc-4JW3UFfuu5POBGgAz2CrfyofIm6dhYBntY4N1s7ixf6gTYOXXttOxFt0vdF1hLvzHKOvsvicvyXL99fFfLpMNCOySZjMUi4yaTg1nKxBWiFzmvN1uhFMcCpsyi3nzKapgDzlmkrBmWHarJ9NvjZsjF5Oe03wMQbYqEOo9jocFSWqz6hUn1EVK9UnU30ydc7YYX7COhpQO98G1916kf_DPwZJekw |
CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1016_j_enganabound_2021_03_015 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_tafmec_2014_04_006 crossref_primary_10_1155_2015_181536 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_enganabound_2024_02_022 crossref_primary_10_12989_imm_2013_6_2_173 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijimpeng_2018_02_010 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijimpeng_2015_03_013 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijimpeng_2019_103323 crossref_primary_10_1061__ASCE_EM_1943_7889_0000952 crossref_primary_10_1002_nme_5147 crossref_primary_10_1177_1056789514520797 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00466_024_02494_0 |
Cites_doi | 10.1016/S0045-7825(96)01083-3 10.1002/nme.1620370205 10.1093/mnras/181.3.375 10.1007/s11431-010-4287-7 10.1007/s004660050361 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2011.08.001 10.1201/b12768-2 10.1016/0010-4655(88)90026-4 10.1016/S0734-743X(97)00023-7 10.1002/fld.1650200824 10.1016/0022-5096(96)00004-X 10.1002/nme.2181 10.1016/j.cma.2003.12.006 10.1002/1097-0207(20010120)50:2<435::AID-NME32>3.0.CO;2-A 10.1002/nme.338 10.1016/0045-7825(94)00033-6 10.1007/978-3-642-56103-0_17 10.1016/S0045-7825(96)01090-0 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(2001)127:5(440) 10.1016/0020-7683(94)00282-2 10.1016/j.mechmat.2009.01.030 10.1023/B:FRAC.0000026364.13365.71 10.1007/s00466-005-0010-0 |
ContentType | Journal Article |
Copyright | 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers. |
Copyright_xml | – notice: 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers. |
DBID | AAYXX CITATION |
DOI | 10.1061/(ASCE)EM.1943-7889.0000497 |
DatabaseName | CrossRef |
DatabaseTitle | CrossRef |
DatabaseTitleList | |
DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
Discipline | Engineering |
EISSN | 1943-7889 |
EndPage | 536 |
ExternalDocumentID | 10_1061__ASCE_EM_1943_7889_0000497 10_1061_ASCE_EM_1943_7889_0000497 |
GroupedDBID | -0O 02 0O 0R 29K 4.4 4S 5GY AAIKC ABBOT ABDBF ABFLS ABPTK ACDCL ACIWK ACNET ACVYA ADZKS AENEX ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS ARCSS ARKUK ASUFR CS3 D-I E.L E70 EAD EAP EAS EBS EDO EJD EMI EMK EST ESX GQVBS HZ H~9 I-F L7B O9- O~X P2P RAC RNS RXW TAE TAF TN5 TUS X -~X .4S .DC 0R~ 2FS 6TJ AAELQ AAMNW AAYOK AAYXX ABEFU ABFSI ABTAH ACGFO ACKIV ADNWM ADVLX AFFNX AI. ALNAR CITATION G8K HZ~ VH1 WHG XSW ZY4 ~02 ~A~ |
ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-a309t-39426849c61c60be9d897176b2f838618d26d663d228e726a19863c3acb5c7bc3 |
ISSN | 0733-9399 |
IngestDate | Fri Aug 23 01:34:40 EDT 2024 Tue Jan 05 18:51:37 EST 2021 |
IsPeerReviewed | true |
IsScholarly | true |
Issue | 4 |
Language | English |
LinkModel | OpenURL |
MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-a309t-39426849c61c60be9d897176b2f838618d26d663d228e726a19863c3acb5c7bc3 |
PageCount | 12 |
ParticipantIDs | crossref_primary_10_1061__ASCE_EM_1943_7889_0000497 asce_journals_10_1061_ASCE_EM_1943_7889_0000497 |
ProviderPackageCode | GQVBS ABBOT RAC ACNET ARKUK ADZKS -0O E70 |
PublicationCentury | 2000 |
PublicationDate | 2013-04-01 |
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2013-04-01 |
PublicationDate_xml | – month: 04 year: 2013 text: 2013-04-01 day: 01 |
PublicationDecade | 2010 |
PublicationTitle | Journal of engineering mechanics |
PublicationYear | 2013 |
Publisher | American Society of Civil Engineers |
Publisher_xml | – name: American Society of Civil Engineers |
References | Chen, J. S.; Pan, C.; Roque, C. M. O. L.; Wang, H. 1998a; 22 Zhou, M.; Ravichandran, G.; Rosakis, A. J. 1996; 44 Bardenhagen, S. G.; Kober, E. M. 2004; 5 Liu, W. K.; Jun, S.; Zhang, Y. F. 1995; 20 Belytschko, T.; Lu, Y. Y.; Gu, L. 1994; 37 Sulsky, D.; Chen, Z.; Schreyer, H. L. 1994; 118 Randles, P. W.; Libersky, L. D. 1996; 139 Gingold, R. A.; Monaghan, J. J. 1977; 181 Chen, J. S.; Pan, C.; Wu, C. T. 1998b; 22 Chen, J. S.; Wu, C. T.; Yoon, S.; You, Y. 2001; 50 Wang, D.; Chen, J. S. 2006; 39 Lu, H.; Chen, J. S. 2002; 26 Guan, P. C. 2009; 41 Wang, D.; Chen, J. S. 2004; 193 Wang, D.; Li, Z.; Li, L.; Wu, Y. 2011; 54 Wu, C. T.; Chen, J. S.; Chi, L. C.; Huck, F. 2001 440; 127 Belytschko, T.; Lu, Y. Y.; Gu, L. 1995; 32 Guan, P. C.; Chi, S. W.; Chen, J. S.; Slawson, T. R.; Roth, M. J. 2011; 38 Chen, J. S.; Pan, C.; Wu, C. T.; Liu, W. K. 1996; 139 Batra, R. C.; Lear, M. H. 2004; 126 Monaghan, J. J. 1988; 48 Malvar, L. J.; Crawford, J. E.; Wesevich, J. W.; Simons, D. 1997; 19 Puso, M. A.; Chen, J. S.; Zywicz, E.; Elmer, W. 2008; 74 Chen, J. S.; Wu, C. T.; Yoon, S.; You, Y. 2002; 53 Bardenhagen S. G. (e_1_3_1_3_1) 2004; 5 Chen J. S. (e_1_3_1_11_1) 2007 e_1_3_1_23_1 e_1_3_1_24_1 e_1_3_1_25_1 e_1_3_1_9_1 e_1_3_1_8_1 Joy S. (e_1_3_1_22_1) 1993 e_1_3_1_20_1 e_1_3_1_21_1 e_1_3_1_5_1 e_1_3_1_4_1 e_1_3_1_7_1 e_1_3_1_6_1 e_1_3_1_26_1 e_1_3_1_27_1 e_1_3_1_28_1 e_1_3_1_2_1 e_1_3_1_29_1 e_1_3_1_10_1 e_1_3_1_33_1 e_1_3_1_34_1 e_1_3_1_35_1 e_1_3_1_13_1 e_1_3_1_30_1 e_1_3_1_12_1 e_1_3_1_31_1 e_1_3_1_32_1 e_1_3_1_18_1 e_1_3_1_17_1 Chen W. F. (e_1_3_1_14_1) 1982 e_1_3_1_16_1 e_1_3_1_15_1 e_1_3_1_19_1 |
References_xml | – volume: 193 start-page: 1065 year: 2004 end-page: 1083 article-title: Locking-free stabilized conforming nodal integration for meshfree Mindlin-Reissner plate formulation publication-title: Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Eng. contributor: fullname: Wang, D.; Chen, J. S. – volume: 126 start-page: 179 year: 2004 end-page: 203 article-title: Simulation of brittle and ductile fracture in an impact loaded prenotched plate publication-title: Int. J. Fract. contributor: fullname: Batra, R. C.; Lear, M. H. – volume: 53 start-page: 2587 year: 2002 end-page: 2615 article-title: Nonlinear version of stabilized conforming nodal integration for Galerkin meshfree methods publication-title: Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng. contributor: fullname: Chen, J. S.; Wu, C. T.; Yoon, S.; You, Y. – volume: 41 start-page: 670 year: 2009 end-page: 683 article-title: Semi-Lagrangian reproducing kernel formulation and application to modeling earth moving operations publication-title: Mech. Mater. contributor: fullname: Guan, P. C. – volume: 44 start-page: 1007 year: 1996 end-page: 1032 article-title: Dynamically propagating shear bands in impact-loaded prenotched plates—2. Numerical simulations publication-title: J. Mech. Phys. Solids contributor: fullname: Zhou, M.; Ravichandran, G.; Rosakis, A. J. – volume: 22 start-page: 289 year: 1998a end-page: 307 article-title: A Lagrangian reproducing kernel particle method for metal forming analysis publication-title: Comput. Mech. contributor: fullname: Chen, J. S.; Pan, C.; Roque, C. M. O. L.; Wang, H. – volume: 50 start-page: 435 year: 2001 end-page: 466 article-title: A stabilized conforming nodal integration for Galerkin meshfree methods publication-title: Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng. contributor: fullname: Chen, J. S.; Wu, C. T.; Yoon, S.; You, Y. – volume: 19 start-page: 847 year: 1997 end-page: 873 article-title: A plasticity concrete material model for DYNA3D publication-title: Int. J. Impact Eng. contributor: fullname: Malvar, L. J.; Crawford, J. E.; Wesevich, J. W.; Simons, D. – volume: 118 start-page: 179 year: 1994 end-page: 196 article-title: A particle method for history-dependent materials publication-title: Computer Methods Appl. Mech. Eng. contributor: fullname: Sulsky, D.; Chen, Z.; Schreyer, H. L. – volume: 39 start-page: 83 year: 2006 end-page: 90 article-title: A locking-free meshfree curved beam formulation with the stabilized conforming nodal integration publication-title: Comput. Mech. contributor: fullname: Wang, D.; Chen, J. S. – volume: 32 start-page: 2547 year: 1995 end-page: 2570 article-title: Element-free Galerkin methods for static and dynamic fracture publication-title: Int. J. Solids Struct. contributor: fullname: Belytschko, T.; Lu, Y. Y.; Gu, L. – volume: 22 start-page: 289 year: 1998b end-page: 307 article-title: Large deformation analysis of rubber based on a reproducing kernel particle method publication-title: Comput. Mech. contributor: fullname: Chen, J. S.; Pan, C.; Wu, C. T. – volume: 139 start-page: 375 year: 1996 end-page: 408 article-title: Smoothed particle hydrodynamics: Some recent improvements and applications publication-title: Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Eng. contributor: fullname: Randles, P. W.; Libersky, L. D. – volume: 5 start-page: 477 year: 2004 end-page: 496 article-title: The generalized interpolation material point method publication-title: Comput. Model. Eng. Sci. contributor: fullname: Bardenhagen, S. G.; Kober, E. M. – volume: 48 start-page: 89 year: 1988 end-page: 96 article-title: An Introduction to SPH publication-title: Comput. Phys. Commun. contributor: fullname: Monaghan, J. J. – volume: 37 start-page: 229 year: 1994 end-page: 256 article-title: Element-free Galerkin methods publication-title: Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng. contributor: fullname: Belytschko, T.; Lu, Y. Y.; Gu, L. – volume: 38 start-page: 1033 year: 2011 end-page: 1047 article-title: Semi-Lagrangian reproducing kernel particle method for fragment-impact problems publication-title: Int. J. Impact Eng. contributor: fullname: Guan, P. C.; Chi, S. W.; Chen, J. S.; Slawson, T. R.; Roth, M. J. – volume: 26 start-page: 251 year: 2002 end-page: 267 article-title: Adaptive meshfree particle method publication-title: Lect. Notes Comp. Sci. Eng. contributor: fullname: Lu, H.; Chen, J. S. – volume: 54 start-page: 573 year: 2011 end-page: 580 article-title: Three dimensional efficient meshfree simulation of large deformation failure evolution in soil medium publication-title: Sci. China-Tech. Sci. contributor: fullname: Wang, D.; Li, Z.; Li, L.; Wu, Y. – volume: 20 start-page: 1081 year: 1995 end-page: 1106 article-title: Reproducing kernel particle methods publication-title: Int. J. Numer. Methods Fluids contributor: fullname: Liu, W. K.; Jun, S.; Zhang, Y. F. – volume: 127 year: 2001 440 end-page: 449 article-title: A Lagrangian meshfree formulation for geotechnical material publication-title: J. Eng. Mech. contributor: fullname: Wu, C. T.; Chen, J. S.; Chi, L. C.; Huck, F. – volume: 181 start-page: 375 year: 1977 end-page: 389 article-title: Smooth particle hydrodynamics: Theory and application to non-spherical stars publication-title: Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. contributor: fullname: Gingold, R. A.; Monaghan, J. J. – volume: 74 start-page: 416 year: 2008 end-page: 446 article-title: Meshfree and finite element nodal integration methods publication-title: Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng. contributor: fullname: Puso, M. A.; Chen, J. S.; Zywicz, E.; Elmer, W. – volume: 139 start-page: 195 year: 1996 end-page: 227 article-title: Reproducing kernel particle methods for large deformation analysis of nonlinear structures publication-title: Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Eng. contributor: fullname: Chen, J. S.; Pan, C.; Wu, C. T.; Liu, W. K. – ident: e_1_3_1_10_1 doi: 10.1016/S0045-7825(96)01083-3 – ident: e_1_3_1_5_1 doi: 10.1002/nme.1620370205 – ident: e_1_3_1_18_1 doi: 10.1093/mnras/181.3.375 – ident: e_1_3_1_32_1 doi: 10.1007/s11431-010-4287-7 – ident: e_1_3_1_8_1 doi: 10.1007/s004660050361 – ident: e_1_3_1_9_1 doi: 10.1007/s004660050361 – ident: e_1_3_1_16_1 – ident: e_1_3_1_20_1 doi: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2011.08.001 – ident: e_1_3_1_17_1 doi: 10.1201/b12768-2 – start-page: 55 volume-title: Computational methods in applied sciences year: 2007 ident: e_1_3_1_11_1 contributor: fullname: Chen J. S. – ident: e_1_3_1_26_1 doi: 10.1016/0010-4655(88)90026-4 – ident: e_1_3_1_21_1 – ident: e_1_3_1_25_1 doi: 10.1016/S0734-743X(97)00023-7 – ident: e_1_3_1_23_1 doi: 10.1002/fld.1650200824 – ident: e_1_3_1_35_1 doi: 10.1016/0022-5096(96)00004-X – ident: e_1_3_1_27_1 doi: 10.1002/nme.2181 – ident: e_1_3_1_2_1 – ident: e_1_3_1_30_1 doi: 10.1016/j.cma.2003.12.006 – volume-title: Rep. Prepared for Defense Special Weapons Agency, year: 1993 ident: e_1_3_1_22_1 contributor: fullname: Joy S. – ident: e_1_3_1_12_1 doi: 10.1002/1097-0207(20010120)50:2<435::AID-NME32>3.0.CO;2-A – ident: e_1_3_1_13_1 doi: 10.1002/nme.338 – volume-title: Plasticity in reinforced concrete year: 1982 ident: e_1_3_1_14_1 contributor: fullname: Chen W. F. – volume: 5 start-page: 477 issue: 6 year: 2004 ident: e_1_3_1_3_1 article-title: The generalized interpolation material point method publication-title: Comput. Model. Eng. Sci. contributor: fullname: Bardenhagen S. G. – ident: e_1_3_1_29_1 doi: 10.1016/0045-7825(94)00033-6 – ident: e_1_3_1_24_1 doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-56103-0_17 – ident: e_1_3_1_28_1 doi: 10.1016/S0045-7825(96)01090-0 – ident: e_1_3_1_33_1 doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(2001)127:5(440) – ident: e_1_3_1_7_1 – ident: e_1_3_1_6_1 doi: 10.1016/0020-7683(94)00282-2 – ident: e_1_3_1_15_1 – ident: e_1_3_1_19_1 doi: 10.1016/j.mechmat.2009.01.030 – ident: e_1_3_1_34_1 – ident: e_1_3_1_4_1 doi: 10.1023/B:FRAC.0000026364.13365.71 – ident: e_1_3_1_31_1 doi: 10.1007/s00466-005-0010-0 |
SSID | ssj0014696 |
Score | 2.1620677 |
Snippet | AbstractAn evolutionarily coupled finite-element (FE) and reproducing kernel (RK) formulation is implemented in the Karagozian and Case–finite... |
SourceID | crossref asce |
SourceType | Aggregation Database Publisher |
StartPage | 525 |
SubjectTerms | Technical Papers |
Title | Evolutionarily Coupled Finite-Element Mesh-Free Formulation for Modeling Concrete Behaviors under Blast and Impact Loadings |
URI | http://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1061/(ASCE)EM.1943-7889.0000497 |
Volume | 139 |
hasFullText | 1 |
inHoldings | 1 |
isFullTextHit | |
isPrint | |
link | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV1db9MwFLVK9wIPE59i40N-AAkUJWvsxIkf25JqTIQXNrG3yHYdUWk0U9OCgL_JD-I6dtIUNgF7iapKvW1zTq5P4nPvRehFHIlQj5TJfor7ESXKF4kq_XKkZUoEl5ybauT8PTs-i07O4_PB4GfPtbRZy0B9v7Ku5CaownuAq6mS_Q9ku6DwBrwGfOEICMPxnzDOvrjwcMNr2hRXm8sLEJCzhRGSfmad4V6u60_-bKW1NwOB6sZ1NfZCMwjtwm78L0E9rnXbLnFVN_NxV94ExLX1oL-15ZTvqsZ0X18javW2vaH3WZuq4p6b_uOmSfjVRonF9km42foXbmCA3Y_w8mDrOqjsWO1vkJT8k0VH5elKfG19-Y37Jwv6DzDMMInO92LzXEKpz6mdkxRom4d5RI3Rke8katv2yDEy6qXd2BZPuxU8ti1V_lgcQLoAoiDcxx-m2UvCszzoviewN0vJdllsrQC_rZadh7HZvWdhUZhoRZYXJlZhYhUu1i20RxIeJ0O0N568mcy63a2INXPjuj_eNsNl4dErE-31Vb8MNIOozU1Up596Quj0Ltp3YOOxpeM9NNDL--hOr6_lA_Rjl5jYERPvEhN3xMQ9YmJAFbfExC0xcUdM3BATN8TEQExsiYlbYj5EZ7PsdHrsuykfvqAjvvYpj0zHIa5YqNhIaj5PeRImTJIypSkL0zlhc9DFc0JSnRAmQp4yqqhQMlaJVPQRGi6rpX6McEk442Gpy9AUSOtYCqnLiKUJkWbKQ3SAjswpLNwlXBcthtdCeIBoe7aLS9v-pfg78Ic3-tQTdHt7eTxFw_Vqo5-B4l3L545AvwBbHaRt |
link.rule.ids | 315,786,790,27957,27958 |
linkProvider | EBSCOhost |
openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Evolutionarily+Coupled+Finite-Element+Mesh-Free+Formulation+for+Modeling+Concrete+Behaviors+under+Blast+and+Impact+Loadings&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+engineering+mechanics&rft.au=Wu%2C+Youcai&rft.au=Magallanes%2C+Joseph+M.&rft.au=Choi%2C+Hyung-Jin&rft.au=Crawford%2C+John+E.&rft.date=2013-04-01&rft.issn=0733-9399&rft.eissn=1943-7889&rft.volume=139&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=525&rft.epage=536&rft_id=info:doi/10.1061%2F%28ASCE%29EM.1943-7889.0000497&rft.externalDBID=n%2Fa&rft.externalDocID=10_1061__ASCE_EM_1943_7889_0000497 |
thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0733-9399&client=summon |
thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0733-9399&client=summon |
thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0733-9399&client=summon |