Facile Modification of a Noncovalently Fused-Ring Electron Acceptor Enables Efficient Organic Solar Cells
Electron acceptors with nonfused aromatic cores (NCAs) have aroused increasing interest in organic solar cells due to the low synthetic complexity and flexible chemical modification, but the corresponding device performance still lags behind. Herein, we designed and synthesized two new quinoxaline-b...
Saved in:
Published in | ACS applied materials & interfaces Vol. 13; no. 38; pp. 45806 - 45814 |
---|---|
Main Authors | , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
American Chemical Society
29.09.2021
|
Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
Cover
Loading…
Abstract | Electron acceptors with nonfused aromatic cores (NCAs) have aroused increasing interest in organic solar cells due to the low synthetic complexity and flexible chemical modification, but the corresponding device performance still lags behind. Herein, we designed and synthesized two new quinoxaline-based NCAs, namely, QOC6-4H and QOC6-4Cl. Although both NCAs show good backbone coplanarity, QOC6-4Cl with chlorinated end groups exhibits higher extinction coefficient, enhanced crystallinity, and more compact π–π stacking, which is correlated with the stronger intermolecular interactions induced by chlorine atoms. Benefiting from the broader and stronger optical absorption, improved carrier mobilities, and suppressed charge recombination, a notable power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 12.32% with a distinctly higher short-current density (J sc) of 22.91 mA cm–2 and a fill factor (FF) of 69.01% could be obtained for the PBDB-T:QOC6-4Cl-based device. The PCEs of PBDB-T:QOC6-4H were only lower than 8%, which could mainly be attributed to the unsymmetric charge transport. Our work proves that the chlorination of end groups is a facile and effective strategy to enhance the intermolecular interactions and thus the photovoltaic performance of NCAs, and a careful modulation of the intermolecular interactions plays a vital role in further developing both high-performance and low-cost organic photovoltaic materials. |
---|---|
AbstractList | Electron acceptors with nonfused aromatic cores (NCAs) have aroused increasing interest in organic solar cells due to the low synthetic complexity and flexible chemical modification, but the corresponding device performance still lags behind. Herein, we designed and synthesized two new quinoxaline-based NCAs, namely, QOC6-4H and QOC6-4Cl. Although both NCAs show good backbone coplanarity, QOC6-4Cl with chlorinated end groups exhibits higher extinction coefficient, enhanced crystallinity, and more compact π–π stacking, which is correlated with the stronger intermolecular interactions induced by chlorine atoms. Benefiting from the broader and stronger optical absorption, improved carrier mobilities, and suppressed charge recombination, a notable power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 12.32% with a distinctly higher short-current density (J sc) of 22.91 mA cm–2 and a fill factor (FF) of 69.01% could be obtained for the PBDB-T:QOC6-4Cl-based device. The PCEs of PBDB-T:QOC6-4H were only lower than 8%, which could mainly be attributed to the unsymmetric charge transport. Our work proves that the chlorination of end groups is a facile and effective strategy to enhance the intermolecular interactions and thus the photovoltaic performance of NCAs, and a careful modulation of the intermolecular interactions plays a vital role in further developing both high-performance and low-cost organic photovoltaic materials. |
Author | Xu, Lei Li, Sunsun Huang, Jinfeng Zhu, Xiaozhang Yang, Lian-Ming Qin, Jinzhao |
AuthorAffiliation | Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences |
AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry – name: Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry – name: Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry – name: University of Chinese Academy of Sciences – name: Chinese Academy of Sciences – name: Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Jinfeng orcidid: 0000-0002-4608-3425 surname: Huang fullname: Huang, Jinfeng organization: University of Chinese Academy of Sciences – sequence: 2 givenname: Sunsun surname: Li fullname: Li, Sunsun email: iamssli@njtech.edu.cn organization: Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) – sequence: 3 givenname: Jinzhao surname: Qin fullname: Qin, Jinzhao organization: University of Chinese Academy of Sciences – sequence: 4 givenname: Lei surname: Xu fullname: Xu, Lei organization: Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) – sequence: 5 givenname: Xiaozhang orcidid: 0000-0002-6812-0856 surname: Zhu fullname: Zhu, Xiaozhang email: xzzhu@iccas.ac.cn organization: Chinese Academy of Sciences – sequence: 6 givenname: Lian-Ming orcidid: 0000-0002-1014-1064 surname: Yang fullname: Yang, Lian-Ming email: yanglm@iccas.ac.cn organization: Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry |
BookMark | eNp1kEtLAzEUhYMo-Ny6zlKEqXlM5rGU0qqgFnysh9s7SUlJk5pMhf57I1PcubqXy3cO95xzcuyD14RcczbhTPA7wAQbO-HIecnFETnjbVkWjVDi-G8vy1NyntKasUoKps6InQNap-lL6K2xCIMNngZDgb4Gj-EbnPaD29P5Lum-eLN-RWdO4xAzdo-ot0OIdOZh6XSiM5MtbBbQRVyBt0jfg4NIp9q5dElODLikrw7zgnzOZx_Tx-J58fA0vX8uQLJ6KCRWWiluDCI0Wvaqbc2ylq3pUVdlC6yuuJCVLFWpVI6KywpMI1BAX_etFvKC3Iy-2xi-djoN3cYmzB-A12GXOqFq0QrZNiyjkxHFGFKK2nTbaDcQ9x1n3W-n3dhpd-g0C25HQb5367CLPif5D_4BEuN7rA |
CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1002_cjoc_202200652 crossref_primary_10_1007_s12274_023_5723_x crossref_primary_10_1039_D3RA01454A crossref_primary_10_1002_anie_202219245 crossref_primary_10_1002_marc_202200085 crossref_primary_10_1021_acsaem_3c02009 crossref_primary_10_1039_D2QM00162D crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cej_2022_139926 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_dyepig_2023_111478 crossref_primary_10_1002_agt2_281 crossref_primary_10_1002_ange_202219245 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_dyepig_2022_110680 crossref_primary_10_1002_cssc_202102563 crossref_primary_10_1021_acsaem_2c01179 crossref_primary_10_1002_adma_202404660 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_nanoen_2023_108661 crossref_primary_10_1039_D4TA02180K crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cej_2023_142743 crossref_primary_10_1002_solr_202300997 crossref_primary_10_1039_D2RA08091E crossref_primary_10_1039_D3CC04699K crossref_primary_10_1021_acs_jpcc_3c04584 crossref_primary_10_1021_acs_jpclett_4c00153 crossref_primary_10_1039_D2IM00037G crossref_primary_10_3762_bjoc_19_124 crossref_primary_10_1039_D3NJ05123D crossref_primary_10_1021_acsaem_2c03023 crossref_primary_10_1002_adfm_202112433 crossref_primary_10_1039_D3NJ05159E |
Cites_doi | 10.1063/1.3488459 10.1039/C7TA05774A 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00009 10.1021/acsami.0c00837 10.1039/C8TA11059J 10.1038/s41560-021-00820-x 10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c01967 10.1038/s41467-021-23870-x 10.1021/ja403667s 10.1002/polb.23103 10.1002/aenm.201802021 10.1039/C7TA04144F 10.1021/jacs.7b02677 10.1038/s41467-019-11001-6 10.1002/adma.201602776 10.1016/S1369-7021(13)70013-0 10.1016/j.scib.2020.01.001 10.1038/s41560-017-0016-9 10.1080/14786430701203184 10.1002/anie.202100390 10.1038/s41467-020-16621-x 10.1002/anie.202009666 10.1038/natrevmats.2018.3 10.1039/C4CS00250D 10.1021/acsami.8b00216 10.1021/acs.chemmater.9b04971 10.1002/aenm.201900041 10.1063/1.4981242 10.1146/annurev-physchem-040513-103615 10.1007/s11426-019-9618-7 10.1002/adma.202100830 10.1007/s11426-019-9478-2 10.1002/aenm.201900999 10.1002/adma.201703080 10.1039/C8TA03753A 10.1038/s41467-019-08508-3 10.1002/adma.201600281 10.1002/anie.198408313 10.1149/2.0241905jes 10.1021/jz300123k 10.1016/j.tsf.2007.11.070 10.1016/j.joule.2019.01.004 10.1039/C9TC05013B 10.1021/acsami.8b15923 10.1016/j.nanoen.2017.11.016 10.1002/anie.202106753 10.1038/s41467-019-08386-9 10.1039/D1NJ01978C 10.1002/adma.201900904 10.1002/anie.202010856 10.1063/1.4869784 10.1002/adma.201705208 10.1021/acs.chemmater.9b01886 10.1002/smtd.201900531 10.1016/S0040-6031(03)00364-2 |
ContentType | Journal Article |
Copyright | 2021 American Chemical Society |
Copyright_xml | – notice: 2021 American Chemical Society |
DBID | AAYXX CITATION 7X8 |
DOI | 10.1021/acsami.1c11412 |
DatabaseName | CrossRef MEDLINE - Academic |
DatabaseTitle | CrossRef MEDLINE - Academic |
DatabaseTitleList | |
DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
Discipline | Engineering |
EISSN | 1944-8252 |
EndPage | 45814 |
ExternalDocumentID | 10_1021_acsami_1c11412 c480907040 |
GroupedDBID | - .K2 23M 4.4 53G 55A 5GY 5VS 7~N AABXI ABFRP ABMVS ABUCX ACGFS ACS AEESW AENEX AFEFF AHGAQ ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS AQSVZ EBS ED ED~ F5P GGK GNL IH9 JG JG~ K2 P2P RNS ROL UI2 VF5 VG9 W1F XKZ --- 5ZA 6J9 AAHBH AAYXX ABJNI ABQRX ADHLV BAANH CITATION CUPRZ 7X8 |
ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-a307t-3c6e551ffcca8e3d599fb739fdce649a0761236345455c11cb6af82c2ad7d9e23 |
IEDL.DBID | ACS |
ISSN | 1944-8244 |
IngestDate | Fri Aug 16 21:03:24 EDT 2024 Fri Aug 23 01:30:47 EDT 2024 Fri Oct 01 07:27:39 EDT 2021 |
IsPeerReviewed | true |
IsScholarly | true |
Issue | 38 |
Keywords | organic solar cells nonfused electron acceptors chlorination molecular ordering quinoxaline-based core |
Language | English |
LinkModel | DirectLink |
MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-a307t-3c6e551ffcca8e3d599fb739fdce649a0761236345455c11cb6af82c2ad7d9e23 |
Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 |
ORCID | 0000-0002-1014-1064 0000-0002-6812-0856 0000-0002-4608-3425 |
PQID | 2572923980 |
PQPubID | 23479 |
PageCount | 9 |
ParticipantIDs | proquest_miscellaneous_2572923980 crossref_primary_10_1021_acsami_1c11412 acs_journals_10_1021_acsami_1c11412 |
ProviderPackageCode | JG~ 55A AABXI GNL VF5 XKZ 7~N VG9 GGK W1F ABFRP ACS AEESW AFEFF .K2 ABMVS ABUCX IH9 AQSVZ ED~ UI2 |
PublicationCentury | 2000 |
PublicationDate | 20210929 2021-09-29 |
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2021-09-29 |
PublicationDate_xml | – month: 09 year: 2021 text: 20210929 day: 29 |
PublicationDecade | 2020 |
PublicationTitle | ACS applied materials & interfaces |
PublicationTitleAlternate | ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces |
PublicationYear | 2021 |
Publisher | American Chemical Society |
Publisher_xml | – name: American Chemical Society |
References | ref9/cit9 ref45/cit45 ref3/cit3 ref27/cit27 ref56/cit56 ref16/cit16 ref52/cit52 ref23/cit23 ref8/cit8 ref31/cit31 ref2/cit2 ref34/cit34 ref37/cit37 ref20/cit20 ref48/cit48 ref17/cit17 ref10/cit10 ref35/cit35 ref53/cit53 ref19/cit19 ref21/cit21 ref42/cit42 ref46/cit46 ref49/cit49 ref13/cit13 ref24/cit24 ref38/cit38 ref50/cit50 ref54/cit54 ref6/cit6 ref36/cit36 ref18/cit18 ref11/cit11 ref25/cit25 ref29/cit29 ref32/cit32 ref39/cit39 ref14/cit14 ref5/cit5 ref51/cit51 ref43/cit43 ref28/cit28 ref40/cit40 ref26/cit26 ref55/cit55 ref12/cit12 ref15/cit15 Magaña S. E. (ref41/cit41) 2016; 52 ref22/cit22 ref33/cit33 ref4/cit4 ref30/cit30 ref47/cit47 ref1/cit1 ref44/cit44 ref7/cit7 |
References_xml | – ident: ref35/cit35 doi: 10.1063/1.3488459 – ident: ref21/cit21 doi: 10.1039/C7TA05774A – ident: ref37/cit37 doi: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00009 – ident: ref56/cit56 doi: 10.1021/acsami.0c00837 – ident: ref48/cit48 doi: 10.1039/C8TA11059J – volume: 52 start-page: 1 year: 2016 ident: ref41/cit41 publication-title: Gems Gemol. contributor: fullname: Magaña S. E. – ident: ref9/cit9 doi: 10.1038/s41560-021-00820-x – ident: ref29/cit29 doi: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c01967 – ident: ref45/cit45 doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-23870-x – ident: ref31/cit31 doi: 10.1021/ja403667s – ident: ref43/cit43 doi: 10.1002/polb.23103 – ident: ref38/cit38 doi: 10.1002/aenm.201802021 – ident: ref26/cit26 doi: 10.1039/C7TA04144F – ident: ref52/cit52 doi: 10.1021/jacs.7b02677 – ident: ref17/cit17 doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-11001-6 – ident: ref49/cit49 doi: 10.1002/adma.201602776 – ident: ref4/cit4 doi: 10.1016/S1369-7021(13)70013-0 – ident: ref8/cit8 doi: 10.1016/j.scib.2020.01.001 – ident: ref2/cit2 doi: 10.1038/s41560-017-0016-9 – ident: ref50/cit50 doi: 10.1080/14786430701203184 – ident: ref27/cit27 doi: 10.1002/anie.202100390 – ident: ref53/cit53 doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-16621-x – ident: ref6/cit6 doi: 10.1002/anie.202009666 – ident: ref5/cit5 doi: 10.1038/natrevmats.2018.3 – ident: ref13/cit13 doi: 10.1039/C4CS00250D – ident: ref28/cit28 doi: 10.1021/acsami.8b00216 – ident: ref19/cit19 doi: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.9b04971 – ident: ref39/cit39 doi: 10.1002/aenm.201900041 – ident: ref44/cit44 doi: 10.1063/1.4981242 – ident: ref46/cit46 doi: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-040513-103615 – ident: ref30/cit30 doi: 10.1007/s11426-019-9618-7 – ident: ref10/cit10 doi: 10.1002/adma.202100830 – ident: ref54/cit54 doi: 10.1007/s11426-019-9478-2 – ident: ref7/cit7 doi: 10.1002/aenm.201900999 – ident: ref3/cit3 doi: 10.1002/adma.201703080 – ident: ref25/cit25 doi: 10.1039/C8TA03753A – ident: ref14/cit14 doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-08508-3 – ident: ref51/cit51 doi: 10.1002/adma.201600281 – ident: ref32/cit32 doi: 10.1002/anie.198408313 – ident: ref33/cit33 doi: 10.1149/2.0241905jes – ident: ref40/cit40 doi: 10.1021/jz300123k – ident: ref42/cit42 doi: 10.1016/j.tsf.2007.11.070 – ident: ref12/cit12 doi: 10.1016/j.joule.2019.01.004 – ident: ref18/cit18 doi: 10.1039/C9TC05013B – ident: ref24/cit24 doi: 10.1021/acsami.8b15923 – ident: ref47/cit47 doi: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2017.11.016 – ident: ref16/cit16 doi: 10.1002/anie.202106753 – ident: ref11/cit11 doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-08386-9 – ident: ref55/cit55 doi: 10.1039/D1NJ01978C – ident: ref1/cit1 doi: 10.1002/adma.201900904 – ident: ref23/cit23 doi: 10.1002/anie.202010856 – ident: ref36/cit36 doi: 10.1063/1.4869784 – ident: ref15/cit15 doi: 10.1002/adma.201705208 – ident: ref20/cit20 doi: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.9b01886 – ident: ref22/cit22 doi: 10.1002/smtd.201900531 – ident: ref34/cit34 doi: 10.1016/S0040-6031(03)00364-2 |
SSID | ssj0063205 |
Score | 2.523299 |
Snippet | Electron acceptors with nonfused aromatic cores (NCAs) have aroused increasing interest in organic solar cells due to the low synthetic complexity and flexible... |
SourceID | proquest crossref acs |
SourceType | Aggregation Database Publisher |
StartPage | 45806 |
SubjectTerms | Organic Electronic Devices |
Title | Facile Modification of a Noncovalently Fused-Ring Electron Acceptor Enables Efficient Organic Solar Cells |
URI | http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsami.1c11412 https://search.proquest.com/docview/2572923980 |
Volume | 13 |
hasFullText | 1 |
inHoldings | 1 |
isFullTextHit | |
isPrint | |
link | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwjV1LS8NAEF6kXvTgW6wvVhQ8pba7ee2xlIQitAdrobewTxBLIk1y0F_vbB5oLaL3DEnmPTuz3yB0F5BwEAgpnZAL4bieBJuzuLeaCNrnWlGu7XnHZOqP5-7jwlt8nXf87OCTwQOXuV2FM5CQudt1wtsEgqIts4ajWetzfUqqYUWoyF0nhIjVwjNu0NsgJPP1ILTug6vAEu_XKEd5hUdo50lee2UhevJjE63xz28-QHtNdomHtTocoi2dHqHdb5iDx-gl5hI8AZ5kyk4JVYLBmcEcT7NUZqB4EIaW7zguc62cJ6DBUbMqBw-lHYLJVjiqblzlOKoAKIAA13c6JZ7ZUhmP9HKZn6B5HD2Pxk6zb8HhYOmFQ6WvIYEyBqQaaqo8xowIKDNKat9l3B55EOpTF7IuD35NCp-bkEjCVaCYJvQUddIs1WcIc6GI7BsFxZRxmSBMCJ95oW801GNC8S66BR4ljb3kSdUKJ4OkZlzSMK6L7lsxJW81-MavT960UkzAPmzTg6c6K_MEXBJhFuSwf_6vd16gHWLHVmzjiV2iTrEq9RXkHYW4rlTuE8W41BM |
link.rule.ids | 315,786,790,2782,27107,27955,27956,57091,57141 |
linkProvider | American Chemical Society |
linkToHtml | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwlV3JTsMwELVQOQAHdkRZjUDiFNra2XxEVaKytELQStwirxKiShBpD_D1jN2EVUhwjWLHmfFsnvEbhE4iEnciIaUXcyE8P5Agcxb3VhNB21wryrU97-gPwt7Iv7wP7udQq74LA4soYabSJfE_0AU6LXhmO-J0JDjwtqvwfBCBqbO-UPeuVr0hJa5mEQJz34vBcNUojT_GW1sky6-26KsqdvYlXUE37ytzZSWPZ9OJOJOv30Ab_7H0VbRc-Zr4fLY51tCcztfR0icEwg30kHIJegH3C2VrhhybcGEwx4MilwVsQzBK4xecTkutvFsYg5OqcQ4-l7YkpnjGibt_VeLEwVHAADy74SnxnQ2ccVePx-UmGqXJsNvzqu4LHge5n3hUhhrcKWOAx7GmKmDMiIgyo6QOfcbtAQihIfXBBwvg16QIuYmJJFxFimlCt1AjL3K9jTAXisi2URBaGZ8JwoQIWRCHRkN0JhRvomOgUVZJT5m5xDjpZDPCZRXhmui05lb2NIPi-PXNo5qZGUiLTYHwXBfTMgMFRZiFPGzv_Ombh2ihN-xfZ9cXg6tdtEhsQYtNSbE91Jg8T_U-eCQTceB24RvwYdx- |
linkToPdf | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwlV1ZS8QwEA6iIPrgLa5nRMGn6jbplcdl3bJei6gL-1Zygri0Yncf9Nc7SVvxQNC3Upo2zWSuzMw3CB3HJPFjIaWXcCG8IJTAcxb3VhNB21wryrU977gZRP1hcDkKR3Udt62FgUmU8KbSBfEtVz8rUyMM-Gdw33bF8SUY8baz8FwYw4W1h7r3jfiNKHF5i-CcB14CyqtBavwx3uojWX7VR1_FsdMx6TJ6-JidSy15Op1OxKl8-wbc-M_pr6Cl2ubEnWqTrKIZna-hxU9IhOvoMeUS5AO-KZTNHXLkwoXBHA-KXBawHUE5jV9xOi218u5gDO7VDXRwR9rUmOIF91wdVol7DpYCBuCq0lPie-tA464ej8sNNEx7D92-V3dh8Djw_8SjMtJgVhkDtE40VSFjRsSUGSV1FDBuD0IIjWgAtlgIvyZFxE1CJOEqVkwTuolm8yLXWwhzoYhsGwUulgmYIEyIiIVJZDR4aULxFjqCNcpqLiozFyAnflYtXFYvXAudNBTLnitIjl-fPGwImgHX2FAIz3UxLTMQVIRZ6MP29p--eYDmb8_T7PpicLWDFojNa7GRKbaLZicvU70HhslE7LuN-A4Rgt74 |
openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Facile+Modification+of+a+Noncovalently+Fused-Ring+Electron+Acceptor+Enables+Efficient+Organic+Solar+Cells&rft.jtitle=ACS+applied+materials+%26+interfaces&rft.au=Huang%2C+Jinfeng&rft.au=Li%2C+Sunsun&rft.au=Qin%2C+Jinzhao&rft.au=Xu%2C+Lei&rft.date=2021-09-29&rft.pub=American+Chemical+Society&rft.issn=1944-8244&rft.eissn=1944-8252&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=38&rft.spage=45806&rft.epage=45814&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Facsami.1c11412&rft.externalDocID=c480907040 |
thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1944-8244&client=summon |
thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1944-8244&client=summon |
thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1944-8244&client=summon |