Traditional Indian Spices and Their Health Significance
India has been recognized all over the world for spices and medicinal plants. Both exhibit a wide range of physiological and pharmacological properties. Current biomedical efforts are focused on their scientific merits, to provide science-based evidence for the traditional uses and to develop either...
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Published in | Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition Vol. 17; no. S1; pp. 265 - 268 |
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Main Author | |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
Australia
HEC Press
01.01.2008
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Subjects | |
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Abstract | India has been recognized all over the world for spices and medicinal plants. Both exhibit a wide range of physiological and pharmacological properties. Current biomedical efforts are focused on their scientific merits, to provide science-based evidence for the traditional uses and to develop either functional foods or nutraceuticals. The Indian traditional medical systems use turmeric for wound healing, rheumatic disorders, gastrointestinal symptoms, deworming, rhinitis and as a cosmetic. Studies in India have explored its anti-inflammatory, cholekinetic and anti-oxidant potentials with the recent investigations focusing on its preventive effect on precarcinogenic, anti-inflammatory and anti atherosclerotic effects in biological systems both under in vitro and in vivo conditions in animals and humans. Both turmeric and curcumin were found to increase detoxifying enzymes, prevent DNA damage, improve DNA repair, decrease mutations and tumour formation and exhibit antioxidative potential in animals. Limited clinical studies suggest that turmeric can significantly impact excretion of mutagens in urine in smokers and regress precancerous palatal lesions. It reduces DNA adducts and micronuclei in oral epithelial cells. It prevents formation of nitroso compounds both in vivo and in vitro. It delays induced cataract in diabetes and reduces hyperlipidemia in obese rats. Recently several molecular targets have been identified for therapeutic / preventive effects of turmeric. Fenugreek seeds, a rich source of soluble fiber used in Indian cuisine reduces blood glucose and lipids and can be used as a food adjuvant in diabetes. Similarly garlic, onions, and ginger have been found to modulate favourably the process of carcinogenesis. |
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AbstractList | India has been recognized all over the world for spices and medicinal plants. Both exhibit a wide range of physiological and pharmacological properties. Current biomedical efforts are focused on their scientific merits, to provide science-based evidence for the traditional uses and to develop either functional foods or nutraceuticals. The Indian traditional medical systems use turmeric for wound healing, rheumatic disorders, gastrointestinal symptoms, deworming, rhinitis and as a cosmetic. Studies in India have explored its anti-inflammatory, cholekinetic and anti-oxidant potentials with the recent investigations focusing on its preventive effect on precarcinogenic, anti-inflammatory and anti atherosclerotic effects in biological systems both under in vitro and in vivo conditions in animals and humans. Both turmeric and curcumin were found to increase detoxifying enzymes, prevent DNA damage, improve DNA repair, decrease mutations and tumour formation and exhibit antioxidative potential in animals. Limited clinical studies suggest that turmeric can significantly impact excretion of mutagens in urine in smokers and regress precancerous palatal lesions. It reduces DNA adducts and micronuclei in oral epithelial cells. It prevents formation of nitroso compounds both in vivo and in vitro. It delays induced cataract in diabetes and reduces hyperlipidemia in obese rats. Recently several molecular targets have been identified for therapeutic / preventive effects of turmeric. Fenugreek seeds, a rich source of soluble fiber used in Indian cuisine reduces blood glucose and lipids and can be used as a food adjuvant in diabetes. Similarly garlic, onions, and ginger have been found to modulate favourably the process of carcinogenesis. Key Words: turmeric, curcuminoids, precancer, DNA damage, detoxification, tumors, antimutagens INTRODUCTION Mounting health care costs and increased desire to maintain good health and quality of life have focussed the researchers' and public health scientists' attention on the diet, phytonutrients, disease prevention and health promotion. The tumours were larger in size in the control groups as compared to those that received either turmeric or curcumin.11 However, curcumin effects varied between groups. Since GI tract tumours such as oesophageal and stomach cancers are widely prevalent in several states of India, it was considered necessary to assess its effects on the initiation promotion model of fore-stomach tumours, induced by B(a)P, in mice. From a pathological point of view, the evolving carcinogenic process is a sequential change from a normal homogenous group to a more heterogeneous group and turmeric appears to control premalignant and precancerous lesions as well malignant transformation.3 EFFECT OF TURMERIC ON IN VIVO NITROSATION Since nitrosocompounds are known to increase the risk of the development of gastrointestinal tract cancers and antioxidants such as selenium and vitamin C inhibit nitrosation, turmeric was assessed for its nitrosation inhibition activities in human volunteers. [...]it had been demonstrated to reduce platelet aggregation, cyclooxegenase, thromboxane, smooth muscle cell proliferation and endothelial dysfunction.3 Both turmeric and curcumin, due to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, have been demonstrated to counteract several disorders such as myocardial infarctions, chronic inflammatory lung diseases, pancreatitis, inflammatory bowel diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, hepatic and lung damages as well as muscle injuries and cystic fibrosis.3 Curcumin can also impact on the process of cataractogenesis and delays galactose-induced cataracts formation in rats.12 CLINICAL TRIALS Several trials, albeit not very well designed, have shown positive effects. |
Author | Kamala Krishnaswamy |
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Keywords | tumors precancer antimutagens DNA damage turmeric curcuminoids detoxification |
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Snippet | India has been recognized all over the world for spices and medicinal plants. Both exhibit a wide range of physiological and pharmacological properties.... Key Words: turmeric, curcuminoids, precancer, DNA damage, detoxification, tumors, antimutagens INTRODUCTION Mounting health care costs and increased desire to... |
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SubjectTerms | Antimutagenic Agents Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic Antioxidants Cancer Curcuma - chemistry Deoxyribonucleic acid Diabetes Diet DNA DNA Damage Enzymes Evidence-Based Medicine Food Food Technology Food, Organic Health promotion Humans India Medicine, Ayurvedic Mutagenesis Nutritional Physiological Phenomena - physiology Oxidation-Reduction Phytochemicals Phytotherapy Plants, Medicinal - chemistry Public Health Spices - analysis Studies Urine Wound healing |
Title | Traditional Indian Spices and Their Health Significance |
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