Fourth Revolution and the Bottom Four Billion Making Technologies Work for the Poor

• Main Author: Kshetri, Nir
• Format: eBook
• Language: English
• Published: Ann Arbor, Michigan University of Michigan Press 2023
• Subjects: Artificial Intelligence; Augmented Reality; Blockchain; Bottom Four Billion; Central / national / federal government; Central / national / federal government policies; Cryptocurrency; Data labeling; Development Studies; Digital colonialism; Economic aspects; Financial Technology; Fourth Industrial Revolution; General Purpose Technology; Genome Editing; Impact of science and technology on society; Industry 4.0; Information and Communications Technology; Interdisciplinary studies; Internet of Things; Low-income economies; Mathematics and Science; Microfinance Institution; Natural Language Processing; Nonfiction; Peer-to-peer lender; Political Science; Politics; Politics and government; Poor; Poverty; Poverty Trap; Public Policy & Administration; Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects; Remote Sensing; Science; Science & Technology Studies; Science: general issues; Services for; Smallholder farmers; Social aspects; Society and culture: general; Society and Social Sciences; Sociology; Sub-Saharan Africa; Technical assistance; Technological innovations; Technology; Developing countries
• DOI: 10.3998/mpub.12205632
• ISBN: 9780472075898; 0472075896; 0472055895; 9780472055890; 9780472903214; 0472903217

Products and services based on advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence and blockchain are normally considered to be for rich consumers in advanced countries. Fourth Revolution and the Bottom Four Billion demonstrates how marginalized and vulnerable groups with limited resources can also benefit from these technologies. Nir Kshetri suggests that the falling costs and the increased ease of developing and deploying applications based on these technologies are making them more accessible. He illustrates how key emerging technologies are transforming major industries and application areas such as healthcare and pandemic preparedness, agriculture, finance, banking, and insurance. The book also looks at how these transformations are affecting the lives of low-income people in low- and middle-income countries and highlights the areas needing regulatory attention to adequately protect marginalized and vulnerable groups from the abuse and misuse of these technologies. Kshetri discusses how various barriers such as the lack of data, low resource languages, underdeveloped technology infrastructures, lack of computing power and shortage of skill and talent have hindered the adoption of these technologies among marginalized and vulnerable groups. Fourth Revolution and the Bottom Four Billion suggests that it is the responsibility of diverse stakeholders—governments, NGOs, international development organizations, academic institutions, the private sector, and others—to ensure that marginal groups also benefit from these transformative innovations.