Destruction of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) with Advanced Reduction Processes (ARPs): A Critical Review
Advanced reduction processes (ARPs) have emerged as a promising method for destruction of persistent per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in water due to the generation of short-lived and highly reductive hydrated electrons (eaq –). This study provides a critical review on the mechanisms and p...
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| Published in | Environmental science & technology Vol. 54; no. 7; pp. 3752 - 3766 |
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| Main Authors | , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
United States
American Chemical Society
07.04.2020
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | Advanced reduction processes (ARPs) have emerged as a promising method for destruction of persistent per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in water due to the generation of short-lived and highly reductive hydrated electrons (eaq –). This study provides a critical review on the mechanisms and performance of reductive destruction of PFAS with eaq –. Unique properties of eaq – and its generation in different ARP systems, particularly UV/sulfite and UV/iodide, are overviewed. Different degradation mechanisms of PFAS chemicals, such as perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), and others (e.g., short chain perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs) and perfluorosulfonic acids (PFSAs), per- and polyfluoro dicarboxylic acids, and fluorotelomer carboxylic acids), are reviewed, discussed, and compared. The degradation pathways of these PFAS chemicals rely heavily upon their head groups. For specific PFAS types, fluoroalkyl chain lengths may also affect their reductive degradation patterns. Degradation and defluorination efficiencies of PFAS are considerably influenced by solution chemistry parameters and operating factors, such as pH, dose of chemical solute (i.e., sulfite or iodide) for eaq – photoproduction, dissolved oxygen, humic acid, nitrate, and temperature. Furthermore, implications of the state-of-the-art knowledge on practical PFAS control actions in water industries are discussed and the priority research needs are identified. |
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| AbstractList | Advanced reduction processes (ARPs) have emerged as a promising method for destruction of persistent per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in water due to the generation of short-lived and highly reductive hydrated electrons (eaq –). This study provides a critical review on the mechanisms and performance of reductive destruction of PFAS with eaq –. Unique properties of eaq – and its generation in different ARP systems, particularly UV/sulfite and UV/iodide, are overviewed. Different degradation mechanisms of PFAS chemicals, such as perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), and others (e.g., short chain perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs) and perfluorosulfonic acids (PFSAs), per- and polyfluoro dicarboxylic acids, and fluorotelomer carboxylic acids), are reviewed, discussed, and compared. The degradation pathways of these PFAS chemicals rely heavily upon their head groups. For specific PFAS types, fluoroalkyl chain lengths may also affect their reductive degradation patterns. Degradation and defluorination efficiencies of PFAS are considerably influenced by solution chemistry parameters and operating factors, such as pH, dose of chemical solute (i.e., sulfite or iodide) for eaq – photoproduction, dissolved oxygen, humic acid, nitrate, and temperature. Furthermore, implications of the state-of-the-art knowledge on practical PFAS control actions in water industries are discussed and the priority research needs are identified. Advanced reduction processes (ARPs) have emerged as a promising method for destruction of persistent per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in water due to the generation of short-lived and highly reductive hydrated electrons (e ). This study provides a critical review on the mechanisms and performance of reductive destruction of PFAS with e . Unique properties of e and its generation in different ARP systems, particularly UV/sulfite and UV/iodide, are overviewed. Different degradation mechanisms of PFAS chemicals, such as perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), and others (e.g., short chain perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs) and perfluorosulfonic acids (PFSAs), per- and polyfluoro dicarboxylic acids, and fluorotelomer carboxylic acids), are reviewed, discussed, and compared. The degradation pathways of these PFAS chemicals rely heavily upon their head groups. For specific PFAS types, fluoroalkyl chain lengths may also affect their reductive degradation patterns. Degradation and defluorination efficiencies of PFAS are considerably influenced by solution chemistry parameters and operating factors, such as pH, dose of chemical solute (i.e., sulfite or iodide) for e photoproduction, dissolved oxygen, humic acid, nitrate, and temperature. Furthermore, implications of the state-of-the-art knowledge on practical PFAS control actions in water industries are discussed and the priority research needs are identified. |
| Author | Cui, Junkui Deng, Yang Gao, Panpan |
| AuthorAffiliation | School of Environmental Studies Department of Earth and Environmental Studies China University of Geosciences |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: China University of Geosciences – name: Department of Earth and Environmental Studies – name: School of Environmental Studies |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Junkui surname: Cui fullname: Cui, Junkui organization: Department of Earth and Environmental Studies – sequence: 2 givenname: Panpan surname: Gao fullname: Gao, Panpan organization: China University of Geosciences – sequence: 3 givenname: Yang orcidid: 0000-0002-2908-3044 surname: Deng fullname: Deng, Yang email: dengy@montclair.edu organization: Department of Earth and Environmental Studies |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32162904$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Snippet | Advanced reduction processes (ARPs) have emerged as a promising method for destruction of persistent per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in water due to... |
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| SubjectTerms | Acids Carboxylic acids Chains Chemicals Defluorination Degradation Destruction Dicarboxylic acids Dissolved oxygen Humic acids Hydrated electrons Iodides Perfluoro compounds Perfluoroalkyl & polyfluoroalkyl substances Perfluorooctanoic acid Photoproduction Reduction Sulfite |
| Title | Destruction of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) with Advanced Reduction Processes (ARPs): A Critical Review |
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