Heywood you go away! Examining causes, effects, and treatments for Heywood cases in exploratory factor analysis

• Published in: Psychological methods Vol. 27; no. 2; p. 156
• Main Authors: Cooperman, Allison W, Waller, Niels G
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States 01.04.2022
• Subjects: Bias; Causality; Factor Analysis, Statistical; Humans; Monte Carlo Method; Sample Size

Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) is a popular method for elucidating the latent structure of data. Unfortunately, EFA models can sometimes produce improper solutions with nonsensical results. For example, improper EFA solutions can include one or more Heywood cases, where common factors account for...