干ばつ下におけるイネ乾物生産への土壌からの水吸収能力および水利用効率の貢献度
作物におけるある期間中の乾物生産量は土壌水分の吸収量すなわち蒸散量と吸収した水の乾物への変換効率(水利用効率)との積で表せる. そこで, 本報告では干ばつ下でイネが高い乾物生産量や収量をあげるためには, 土壌水分の吸収能力と水利用効率のどちらの性質がより貢献しているのかを, 耐乾性のきわめて異なる4品種のイネを用いて明らかにしようとした. 降雨を遮断した圃場条件下で, 生殖生長期開始頃から43日間にわたって潅がいを停止すると, 葉身水ポテンシャルや気孔伝導度の低下の仕方が異なり, その結果乾物生産量と収量は従来耐乾性の優れるとみなされている品種ほど高かった. さらに, この間の土壌水分消費量と...
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| Published in | Japanese journal of crop science Vol. 65; no. 4; pp. 652 - 662 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English Japanese |
| Published |
日本作物学会
1996
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| Subjects | |
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| Abstract | 作物におけるある期間中の乾物生産量は土壌水分の吸収量すなわち蒸散量と吸収した水の乾物への変換効率(水利用効率)との積で表せる. そこで, 本報告では干ばつ下でイネが高い乾物生産量や収量をあげるためには, 土壌水分の吸収能力と水利用効率のどちらの性質がより貢献しているのかを, 耐乾性のきわめて異なる4品種のイネを用いて明らかにしようとした. 降雨を遮断した圃場条件下で, 生殖生長期開始頃から43日間にわたって潅がいを停止すると, 葉身水ポテンシャルや気孔伝導度の低下の仕方が異なり, その結果乾物生産量と収量は従来耐乾性の優れるとみなされている品種ほど高かった. さらに, この間の土壌水分消費量と乾物生産量との間には密接な直線関係があった. そして, 地表10cm以下の根重密度が高い品種ほど土壌水分の消費量が多かった. また, この土壌水分消費量から土面蒸発推定量を除した蒸散量から計算した水利用効率には大きな品種間差はなかった. さらに圃場実験に用いた品種の中から3品種を選んでポット栽培したものに, 幼穂分化期初期に給水を5段階に変えて約2週間異なる土壌乾燥を与え, 水利用効率を比較したところ, やはり土壌乾燥強度, 品種間でほとんど違いがなかった. 以上から, これまで耐干性の強いと見なされているイネは, 深く発達した根によって多くの水を吸収することで干ばつ下での乾物生産を維持しており, 水利用効率の品種間差が乾物生産の違いに強く寄与することは極めて少ないとみなされた. |
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| AbstractList | 作物におけるある期間中の乾物生産量は土壌水分の吸収量すなわち蒸散量と吸収した水の乾物への変換効率(水利用効率)との積で表せる. そこで, 本報告では干ばつ下でイネが高い乾物生産量や収量をあげるためには, 土壌水分の吸収能力と水利用効率のどちらの性質がより貢献しているのかを, 耐乾性のきわめて異なる4品種のイネを用いて明らかにしようとした. 降雨を遮断した圃場条件下で, 生殖生長期開始頃から43日間にわたって潅がいを停止すると, 葉身水ポテンシャルや気孔伝導度の低下の仕方が異なり, その結果乾物生産量と収量は従来耐乾性の優れるとみなされている品種ほど高かった. さらに, この間の土壌水分消費量と乾物生産量との間には密接な直線関係があった. そして, 地表10cm以下の根重密度が高い品種ほど土壌水分の消費量が多かった. また, この土壌水分消費量から土面蒸発推定量を除した蒸散量から計算した水利用効率には大きな品種間差はなかった. さらに圃場実験に用いた品種の中から3品種を選んでポット栽培したものに, 幼穂分化期初期に給水を5段階に変えて約2週間異なる土壌乾燥を与え, 水利用効率を比較したところ, やはり土壌乾燥強度, 品種間でほとんど違いがなかった. 以上から, これまで耐干性の強いと見なされているイネは, 深く発達した根によって多くの水を吸収することで干ばつ下での乾物生産を維持しており, 水利用効率の品種間差が乾物生産の違いに強く寄与することは極めて少ないとみなされた. |
| Author | 小葉田, 亨 奥野, 友美 山本, 孝信 |
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| References | 20. Passioura, J. B. 1983. Roots and drought resistance. Agric. Water Manage. 7 : 265-280. 15. Kobata, T., S. Tanaka, M. Utumi, S. Hara and T. Imaki 1994. Sterility in rice (Oryza sativa L.) subject to drought during the booting stage occurs not because of lack of assimilate or of water deficit in the shoot. Jpn J. Crop Sci. 63 : 510-517. 3. Blum, A. 1993. Selection for sustained production in water-deficit environments. In Buxton, D. R., R. Shibles, R. A. Forsberg, B. L. Blad, K. H. Asay, G. M. Paulsen and R. F. Wilson eds., International Crop Science I. CSSA, Wisconsin. 343-347. 23. Sinclair, T. R., C. B. Tanner and J. M. Bennett 1984. Water-use efficiency in crop production. BioScience 34 : 36-40. 9. Hillel, D. 1971. Soil and Water. Physical Principles and Processes. Academic Press, New York. 1-288. 8. Hasegawa, S., K. Nakayama and K. Usui 1959. Comparison of water absorption by paddy-and upland-rice under upland field conditions. Proc. Crop Sci. Soc. Japan 28 : 279-280**. 4. De Datta, S. K., T. T. Chang and S. Yoshida 1975. Drought tolerance in upland rice. In Upland Rice. IRRI Los Banos, Philippines. 101-116. 14. Kobata, T. and S. Takami 1989. Water status and grain production of several Japonica rices under grain-filling stage drought. Jpn J. Crop Sci. 58: 212-216. 6. Dingkuhn, M., R. T. Cruz, J. C. O'Toole and K. Dorffling 1989. Net photosynthesis, water use efficiency, leaf water potential and leaf rolling as affected by water deficit in tropical upland rice. Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 40 : 1171-1181. 13. Kobata, T. 1987. Genotypic characteristics of drought resistance in Japanese upland rice. Biological Sci. Tokyo. 39 : 28-32*. 10. Horie, T. and T. Sakuratani 1985. Studies on crop-weather relationship model in rice. (1) Relation between absorbed solar radiation by the crop and the dry matter production. J. Agri. Met. 40: 331-342**. 17. Ludlow, M. M. and R. C. Muchow 1990. A critical evaluation of traits for improving crop yields in water limited environments. Adv. Agron. 43 : 107-149. 25. van Keulen, H. and J. Wolf 1986. Modeling of Agricultural Production : Weather, Soil and Crops. Pudoc, Wageningen. 1-479. 11. Jones, H. G. 1983. Drought and drought tolerance. In Plant and Microclimate. Cambridge University Press. 212-237. 1. Adachi, F., T. Kobata, M. Arimoto and T. Imaki 1995. Comparison of water use efficiency of paddy rice (Oryza sativa L.) among locations and interannual variation in humid area. 1. Reliability of estimated canopy transpiration rate from meteorological and physiological data of the crop. Jpn. J. Crop Sci. 64 : 509-515**. 7. Fisher, R. A. and N. C. Turner 1978. Plant productivity in the arid and semiarid zones. Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol. 29 : 277-317. 12. Kobata, T. and S. Takami 1984. Estimation of leaf water potential in rice by the pressure chamber technique. Jpn. J. Crop Sci. 53 : 290-298**. 24. Tsunoda, J. 1975. Classification of Japanese upland rice varieties. Japan J. Breed. 25 : 121-131***. 22. Sakuratani, T. 1987. Studies on evapotranspiration from crops. (2) Separate estimation on transpiration and evaporation from a soybean field without water shortage. J. Agr. Meteorol. 42 : 309-317. 16. Kono, Y., A. Yamauchi, N. Kawamura, J. Tatsumi, T. Nonoyama and N. Inagaki 1987. Interspecific differences of the capacities of water-logging and drought tolerances among summer cereals. Jpn. J. Crop Sci. 56 : 115-129. 2.Adachi, F., T. Kobata, M. Arimoto and T. Imaki 1996 Comparison of water use efficiency of paddy rice (Oryza sativa L.) among locations and interannual variation in humid area. 2. Comparison among three locations and two cultivars in Shimane prefecture. Jpn. J. Crop Sci. 65 : 173-180**. 19. O'Toole, J. C. 1982. Adaptation of rice to drought-prone environment. In Drought Resist- ance in Crops with Emphasis on Rice. IRRI. Los Banos, Philippines. 195-213. 5. de Wit, C. T. 1958. Transpiration and Crop yields. Verslagen van Landbouwkundige Onderzoekingen 64: 1-88. 26. Yoshida, S. and S. Hasegawa 1982. Rice root system : its development and function. In Drought Resistance in Crops Emphasis on Rice. IRRI. Los Banos, Philippines. 97-114. 18. Nakayama, K. 1970. Upland Rice. Ienohikari-Kyoukai, Tokyo***. 1-204. 21. Penman, H. L. 1948. Natural evaporation from open water, bare soil and grass. Proc. Roy. Soc. London, A. 193: 120-146. |
| References_xml | – reference: 12. Kobata, T. and S. Takami 1984. Estimation of leaf water potential in rice by the pressure chamber technique. Jpn. J. Crop Sci. 53 : 290-298**. – reference: 2.Adachi, F., T. Kobata, M. Arimoto and T. Imaki 1996 Comparison of water use efficiency of paddy rice (Oryza sativa L.) among locations and interannual variation in humid area. 2. Comparison among three locations and two cultivars in Shimane prefecture. Jpn. J. Crop Sci. 65 : 173-180**. – reference: 18. Nakayama, K. 1970. Upland Rice. Ienohikari-Kyoukai, Tokyo***. 1-204. – reference: 25. van Keulen, H. and J. Wolf 1986. Modeling of Agricultural Production : Weather, Soil and Crops. Pudoc, Wageningen. 1-479. – reference: 24. Tsunoda, J. 1975. Classification of Japanese upland rice varieties. Japan J. Breed. 25 : 121-131***. – reference: 15. Kobata, T., S. Tanaka, M. Utumi, S. Hara and T. Imaki 1994. Sterility in rice (Oryza sativa L.) subject to drought during the booting stage occurs not because of lack of assimilate or of water deficit in the shoot. Jpn J. Crop Sci. 63 : 510-517. – reference: 11. Jones, H. G. 1983. Drought and drought tolerance. In Plant and Microclimate. Cambridge University Press. 212-237. – reference: 23. Sinclair, T. R., C. B. Tanner and J. M. Bennett 1984. Water-use efficiency in crop production. BioScience 34 : 36-40. – reference: 6. Dingkuhn, M., R. T. Cruz, J. C. O'Toole and K. Dorffling 1989. Net photosynthesis, water use efficiency, leaf water potential and leaf rolling as affected by water deficit in tropical upland rice. Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 40 : 1171-1181. – reference: 14. Kobata, T. and S. Takami 1989. Water status and grain production of several Japonica rices under grain-filling stage drought. Jpn J. Crop Sci. 58: 212-216. – reference: 8. Hasegawa, S., K. Nakayama and K. Usui 1959. Comparison of water absorption by paddy-and upland-rice under upland field conditions. Proc. Crop Sci. Soc. Japan 28 : 279-280**. – reference: 10. Horie, T. and T. Sakuratani 1985. Studies on crop-weather relationship model in rice. (1) Relation between absorbed solar radiation by the crop and the dry matter production. J. Agri. Met. 40: 331-342**. – reference: 13. Kobata, T. 1987. Genotypic characteristics of drought resistance in Japanese upland rice. Biological Sci. Tokyo. 39 : 28-32*. – reference: 17. Ludlow, M. M. and R. C. Muchow 1990. A critical evaluation of traits for improving crop yields in water limited environments. Adv. Agron. 43 : 107-149. – reference: 20. Passioura, J. B. 1983. Roots and drought resistance. Agric. Water Manage. 7 : 265-280. – reference: 3. Blum, A. 1993. Selection for sustained production in water-deficit environments. In Buxton, D. R., R. Shibles, R. A. Forsberg, B. L. Blad, K. H. Asay, G. M. Paulsen and R. F. Wilson eds., International Crop Science I. CSSA, Wisconsin. 343-347. – reference: 7. Fisher, R. A. and N. C. Turner 1978. Plant productivity in the arid and semiarid zones. Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol. 29 : 277-317. – reference: 1. Adachi, F., T. Kobata, M. Arimoto and T. Imaki 1995. Comparison of water use efficiency of paddy rice (Oryza sativa L.) among locations and interannual variation in humid area. 1. Reliability of estimated canopy transpiration rate from meteorological and physiological data of the crop. Jpn. J. Crop Sci. 64 : 509-515**. – reference: 21. Penman, H. L. 1948. Natural evaporation from open water, bare soil and grass. Proc. Roy. Soc. London, A. 193: 120-146. – reference: 19. O'Toole, J. C. 1982. Adaptation of rice to drought-prone environment. In Drought Resist- ance in Crops with Emphasis on Rice. IRRI. Los Banos, Philippines. 195-213. – reference: 26. Yoshida, S. and S. Hasegawa 1982. Rice root system : its development and function. In Drought Resistance in Crops Emphasis on Rice. IRRI. Los Banos, Philippines. 97-114. – reference: 5. de Wit, C. T. 1958. Transpiration and Crop yields. Verslagen van Landbouwkundige Onderzoekingen 64: 1-88. – reference: 9. Hillel, D. 1971. Soil and Water. Physical Principles and Processes. Academic Press, New York. 1-288. – reference: 16. Kono, Y., A. Yamauchi, N. Kawamura, J. Tatsumi, T. Nonoyama and N. Inagaki 1987. Interspecific differences of the capacities of water-logging and drought tolerances among summer cereals. Jpn. J. Crop Sci. 56 : 115-129. – reference: 4. De Datta, S. K., T. T. Chang and S. Yoshida 1975. Drought tolerance in upland rice. In Upland Rice. IRRI Los Banos, Philippines. 101-116. – reference: 22. Sakuratani, T. 1987. Studies on evapotranspiration from crops. (2) Separate estimation on transpiration and evaporation from a soybean field without water shortage. J. Agr. Meteorol. 42 : 309-317. |
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| SubjectTerms | イネ 干ばつ 根系 水利用効率 陸稲 |
| Title | 干ばつ下におけるイネ乾物生産への土壌からの水吸収能力および水利用効率の貢献度 |
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