Electrokinetic Remediation for Environmental Security and Sustainability

Electrokinetic Remediation for Environmental Security and Sustainability Explore this comprehensive reference on the remediation of contaminated substrates, filled with cutting-edge research and practical case studies Electrokinetic Remediation for Environmental Security and Sustainability delivers...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors Ribeiro, Alexandra B, Prasad, Majeti Narasimha Vara
Format eBook Book
LanguageEnglish
Published Newark John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated 2021
Wiley
Wiley-Blackwell
Edition1
Subjects
Chemistry(all)
Electrokinetic remediation
Environmental protection
Sewage
Soil remediation
Online AccessGet full text

Cover

Table of Contents:
  • 9.8 Influence of the Oil Aging Process -- 9.9 Influence of Oil Composition -- 9.10 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 10 Nanostructured TiO2‐Based Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER) Electrocatalysts: A Preliminary Feasibility Study in Electrodialytic Remediation with Hydrogen Recovery -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.1.1 Electrokinetic Technologies: Electrodialytic Ex Situ Remediation -- 10.1.2 Nanostructured TiO2 Electrocatalysts Synthesized Through Electrochemical Methods -- 10.2 Case Study -- 10.2.1 Aim and Scope -- 10.2.2 Experimental -- 10.2.2.1 TiO2 Based Electrocatalyst Synthesis and Characterization -- 10.2.2.2 ED Experiments -- 10.2.3 Discussion -- 10.2.3.1 Blank Tests: Electrocatalysts Effectiveness toward HER -- 10.2.3.2 ED Remediation for Sustainable CRMs Recovery -- 10.3 Final Considerations -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 11 Hydrogen Recovery in Electrodialytic‐Based Technologies Applied to Environmental Contaminated Matrices -- 11.1 Scope -- 11.2 Technology Concept -- 11.2.1 Potential Secondary Resources -- 11.2.2 Electrodialytic Reactor -- 11.2.2.1 Electrodes -- 11.2.2.2 Ion‐Exchange Membranes -- 11.2.2.3 PEMFC System -- 11.3 Economic Assessment of PEMFC Coupled with Electroremediation -- 11.3.1 Scenario Analysis -- 11.3.2 Hydrogen Business Model Canvas -- 11.3.3 SWOT Analysis -- 11.4 Final Remarks -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 12 Electrokinetic‐Phytoremediation of Mixed Contaminants in Soil -- 12.1 Soil Contamination -- 12.2 Phytoremediation -- 12.3 Electroremediation -- 12.3.1 EK Process Coupled with Phytoremediation -- 12.3.2 EK‐Assisted Bioremediation in the Treatment of Inorganic Contaminants -- 12.3.3 EK‐Assisted Bioremediation in the Treatment of Organic Contaminants -- 12.4 Case Study of EK and Electrokinetic‐Assisted Phytoremediation -- 12.5 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References
  • 15.4 Results and Discussion
  • 3.4.1 Electrokinetics‐Enhanced In Situ Chemical Oxidation (EK‐ISCO) -- 3.4.2 Electro‐Fenton -- 3.5 In Situ Chemical Reduction (ISCR) -- 3.6 Challenges for Upscaling -- 3.7 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 4 The Electrokinetic Recovery of Tungsten and Removal of Arsenic from Mining Secondary Resources: The Case of the Panasqueira Mine -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Tungsten Mining Resources: The Panasqueira Mine -- 4.2.1 The Development of the Industry -- 4.2.2 Ore Extraction Processes -- 4.2.3 Potential Risks -- 4.3 The Circular Economy of Tungsten Mining Waste -- 4.3.1 Panasqueira Old Slimes vs. Current Slimes -- 4.3.2 Tungsten Recovery -- 4.3.3 Building Material-Related Applications -- 4.4 Social, Economic, and Environmental Impacts -- 4.5 Final Remarks -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 5 Electrokinetic Remediation of Dredged Contaminated Sediments -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 EKR Removal of Pollutants from Harbor Sediments -- 5.2.1 Pollutants and Removal Efficiencies -- 5.2.1.1 Metals -- 5.2.1.2 Organic Pollutants and Organometallic Pollutants -- 5.2.2 Influence of Experimental Settings and Sediment Properties on the Efficiency of EKR -- 5.2.2.1 Enhancement of EKR - Changes in Design -- 5.2.2.2 Enhancement of EKR - Chemical Agents and Surfactants -- 5.2.2.3 Sediment Characteristics -- 5.3 Case Studies of Enhancement Techniques -- 5.4 Evaluation of the Best Available EKR Practice -- 5.4.1 Energy Consumption -- 5.4.2 Environmental Impacts -- 5.5 Scaling Up EKR for Remediation of Polluted Harbor Sediments -- 5.5.1 Results and Comments -- 5.6 Future Perspectives -- References -- Chapter 6 Pharmaceutically Active Compounds in Wastewater Treatment Plants: Electrochemical Advanced Oxidation as Onsite Treatment -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.1.1 Emerging Organic Contaminants -- 6.1.2 Occurrence and Fate of EOCs -- 6.1.2.1 EOCs in WWTPs
  • Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- Contributors -- Chapter 1 An Overview of the Modeling of Electrokinetic Remediation -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Reactive Transport -- 1.2.1 One‐Dimensional Electromigration Model -- 1.2.2 One‐Dimensional Electromigration and Electroosmosis Model -- 1.2.3 One‐Dimensional Electrodialytic Model -- 1.2.4 One‐Dimensional Electroremediation Model Using Nernst‐Planck‐Poisson -- 1.3 Chemical Equilibrium -- 1.4 Models for the Future -- 1.4.1 Combining Chemical Equilibrium and Chemical Reaction Kinetics -- 1.4.2 Multiscale Models -- 1.4.3 Two‐ and Three‐Dimensional Models -- 1.4.4 Multiphysics Modeling -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 2 Basic Electrochemistry Tools in Environmental Applications -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.1.1 Electrochemical Half‐Cells -- 2.1.2 Electrode Potential -- 2.1.3 Electrical Double Layer -- 2.1.4 Electrochemical Processes -- 2.1.4.1 Polarization (Overvoltage) -- 2.1.4.2 Slow Chemical Reactions -- 2.2 Basic Bioelectrochemistry and Applications -- 2.3 Industrial Electrochemistry and the Environment -- 2.3.1 Isolation and Purification of Important Metals -- 2.3.2 Production of Important Chemical Intermediates by Electrochemistry -- 2.4 Electrokinetic Phenomena -- 2.4.1 Electroosmosis in Bioremediation -- 2.5 Electrophoresis and Its Application in Bioremediation -- 2.6 Biosensors in Environmental Monitoring -- 2.6.1 What Are Biosensors? -- 2.6.2 Biosensors as Environmental Monitors -- 2.7 Electrochemical Systems as Energy Sources -- 2.8 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 3 Combined Use of Remediation Technologies with Electrokinetics -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Biological Processes -- 3.2.1 Electrobioremediation -- 3.2.2 Electro‐Phytoremediation -- 3.3 Permeable Reactive Barriers -- 3.4 Advanced Oxidation Processes
  • 6.1.3 Water Challenges -- 6.1.4 Technologies for Wastewater Treatment - Electrochemical Process -- 6.2 Electrochemical Reactor for EOC Removal in WWTPs -- 6.2.1 Experimental Design -- 6.2.1.1 Analytical Methodology -- 6.2.2 Electrokinetic Reactor Operating in a Continuous Vertical Flow Mode -- 6.3 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 7 Rare Earth Elements: Overview, General Concepts, and Recovery Techniques, Including Electrodialytic Extraction -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.1.1 Rare Earth Elements: Characterization, Applications, and Geo‐Dependence -- 7.1.2 REE Mining and Secondary Sources -- 7.1.3 REE Extraction and Recovery from Secondary Resources -- 7.2 Case Study -- 7.3 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 8 Hydrocarbon‐Contaminated Soil in Cold Climate Conditions: Electrokinetic‐Bioremediation Technology as a Remediation Strategy -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.1.1 Hydrocarbon Contamination -- 8.1.2 Oil Spills in Arctic Environments -- 8.1.3 Remediation of Petroleum‐Contaminated Soil -- 8.1.3.1 Electrokinetic Remediation (EKR) -- 8.2 Case Study -- 8.2.1 Description of the Site -- 8.2.2 Soil Sampling -- 8.2.3 Electrokinetic Remediation (EKR) Experiments -- 8.2.4 Analytical Procedures -- 8.2.4.1 Soil Characterization -- 8.3 Determination of Metals and Phosphorus -- 8.3.1 Results and Discussion -- 8.3.1.1 Soil Characteristics -- 8.3.1.2 EKR Experiments -- 8.4 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 9 Electrochemical Migration of Oil and Oil Products in Soil -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Specific Nature of Soils Polluted by Oil and Its Products -- 9.3 Influence of Mineral Composition -- 9.4 Influence of Soil Dispersiveness -- 9.5 Influence of Physical Soil Properties -- 9.6 Influence of Physico‐Chemical Soil Properties -- 9.7 Influence of the Initial Water/Oil Ratio in a Soil
  • Chapter 13 Enhanced Electrokinetic Techniques in Soil Remediation for Removal of Heavy Metals -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Electrokinetic Mechanism and Phenomenon -- 13.3 Limitations of the Electrokinetic Remediation Process -- 13.4 Need for Enhancement in the Electrokinetic Remediation Process -- 13.5 Enhancement Techniques -- 13.5.1 Surface Modification -- 13.6 Cation‐Selective Membranes -- 13.7 Electro‐Bioremediation -- 13.8 Electro‐Geochemical Oxidation -- 13.9 Lasagna™ Process -- 13.10 Other Potential Processes -- 13.11 Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 14 Assessment of Soil Fertility and Microbial Activity by Direct Impact of an Electrokinetic Process on Chromium‐Contaminated Soil -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Experimental Section -- 14.2.1 Soil Characteristics and Preparation of Contaminated Soil -- 14.2.2 Electrokinetic Tests, Experimental Setup, and Procedure -- 14.2.3 Testing Procedure -- 14.2.4 Extraction and Analytical Methods -- 14.2.5 Soil Nutrients -- 14.2.6 Soil Microbial Biomass Carbon Analysis -- 14.2.7 Quality Control and Quality Assurance -- 14.3 Results and Discussion -- 14.3.1 Electrokinetic Remediation of Chromium‐Contaminated Soil -- 14.3.1.1 Electrical Current Changes During the Electrokinetic Experiment -- 14.3.2 pH Distribution in Soil During and After the Electrokinetic Experiment -- 14.4 Removal of Cr -- 14.4.1 The Distribution of Total Cr and Its Electroosmotic Flow During the Electrokinetic Experiment -- 14.5 Effects of the Electrokinetic Process on Some Soil Properties -- 14.5.1 Soil Organic Carbon -- 14.5.2 Soil‐Available Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, and Calcium -- 14.5.3 Soil Microbial Biomass Carbon -- 14.6 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 15 Management of Clay Properties Based on Electrokinetic Nanotechnology -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Objects of the Study -- 15.3 Methods of the Study