ビシンコニニック酸でグルカンの還元末端数を測定することによってデンプン枝作り酵素の活性を定量的に測定する方法
植物はデンプンを合成するために進化の過程で異なる機能を持つ酵素アイソザイムを分化させてきた．デンプン枝作り酵素(BE)はα-グルカンのα-1,6グルコシド結合を形成する唯一の酵素であり，アミロペクチンのタンデムクラスター構造の形成に必須である．アミロペクチン分子の分岐結合の位置と数に認められる高度の規則性はBE反応により制御されており，アミロペクチン構造のバリエーションはデンプンの性質を決定する重要な因子である．したがってデンプン構造の生合成調節メカニズムを解明する上でBEの特性に関する理解は不可欠であるが，BEの反応メカニズムは依然ほとんど不明である．BE特性解明の第一歩は酵素動力学的解析で...
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| Published in | Journal of Applied Glycoscience Vol. 56; no. 3; pp. 215 - 222 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | Japanese |
| Published |
日本応用糖質科学会
2009
|
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 1344-7882 1880-7291 |
| DOI | 10.5458/jag.56.215 |
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| Abstract | 植物はデンプンを合成するために進化の過程で異なる機能を持つ酵素アイソザイムを分化させてきた．デンプン枝作り酵素(BE)はα-グルカンのα-1,6グルコシド結合を形成する唯一の酵素であり，アミロペクチンのタンデムクラスター構造の形成に必須である．アミロペクチン分子の分岐結合の位置と数に認められる高度の規則性はBE反応により制御されており，アミロペクチン構造のバリエーションはデンプンの性質を決定する重要な因子である．したがってデンプン構造の生合成調節メカニズムを解明する上でBEの特性に関する理解は不可欠であるが，BEの反応メカニズムは依然ほとんど不明である．BE特性解明の第一歩は酵素動力学的解析であるが，再現性良く活性を定量し，しかも多数のサンプルを簡便に分析できる方法がなかった．本研究では，BE枝作り反応の結果，生ずるα-1,6グルコシド結合を枝切り処理後，増加する還元末端数を定量することによって活性を直接測定する方法を確立することを目的とした．まず，還元末端数を定量できる銅-ビシンコニニック酸法(BCA法)の基本特性を調べた．その結果，1)BCA法では，560 nmの吸光度をマイクロプレートリーダーで測定することにより，測定液150 μLあたり0-3.75 nmol(0-25 μM相当)のマルトースを定量することができ，その吸光度は呈色反応終了後10時間まで安定であった．2)グルコースからグルコース数平均重合度(DPn)1658の酵素合成アミロースに対して，分子数あたりの還元糖量は一定で，DP値の影響を受けなかった．3)大腸菌に発現させたイネリコンビナントBEIIb(rOsBEIIb)の活性と特性を調べた結果，酵素合成アミロースやアミロペクチンに対して信頼性の高いKm値やVmax値を求めることができた．結論として，BCA法は従来法に比べて，BE活性を定量するための優れた方法であることが明らかになった． |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | 植物はデンプンを合成するために進化の過程で異なる機能を持つ酵素アイソザイムを分化させてきた。デンプン枝作り酵素（BE）はα－グルカンのα－1、6グルコシド結合を形成する唯一の酵素であり、アミロペクチンのタンデムクラスター構造の形成に必須である。アミロペクチン分子の分岐結合の位置と数に認められる高度の規則性はBE反応により制御されており、アミロペクチン構造のバリエーションはデンプンの性質を決定する重要な因子である。したがってデンプン構造の生合成調節メカニズムを解明する上でBEの特性に関する理解は不可欠であるが、BEの反応メカニズムは依然ほとんど不明である。BE特性解明の第一歩は酵素動力学的解析であるが、再現性良く活性を定量し、しかも多数のサンプルを簡便に分析できる方法がなかった。本研究では、BE枝作り反応の結果、生ずるα－1、6グルコシド結合を枝切り処理後、増加する還元末端数を定量することによって活性を直接測定する方法を確立することを目的とした。まず、還元末端数を定量できる銅－ビシンコニニック酸法（BCA法）の基本特性を調べた。その結果、1）BCA法では、560nmの吸光度をマイクロプレートリーダーで測定することにより、測定液150μLあたり0-3.75nmol（0-25μM相当）のマルトースを定量することができ、その吸光度は呈色反応終了後10時間まで安定であった。2）グルコースからグルコース数平均重合度（DPn）1658の酵素合成アミロースに対して、分子数あたりの還元糖量は一定で、DP値の影響を受けなかった。3）大腸菌に発現させたイネリコンビナントBEIIb（rOsBEIIb）の活性と特性を調べた結果、酵素合成アミロースやアミロペクチンに対して信頼性の高いKm値やVmax値を求めることができた。結論として、BCA法は従来法に比べて、BE活性を定量するための優れた方法であることが明らかになった。 植物はデンプンを合成するために進化の過程で異なる機能を持つ酵素アイソザイムを分化させてきた．デンプン枝作り酵素(BE)はα-グルカンのα-1,6グルコシド結合を形成する唯一の酵素であり，アミロペクチンのタンデムクラスター構造の形成に必須である．アミロペクチン分子の分岐結合の位置と数に認められる高度の規則性はBE反応により制御されており，アミロペクチン構造のバリエーションはデンプンの性質を決定する重要な因子である．したがってデンプン構造の生合成調節メカニズムを解明する上でBEの特性に関する理解は不可欠であるが，BEの反応メカニズムは依然ほとんど不明である．BE特性解明の第一歩は酵素動力学的解析であるが，再現性良く活性を定量し，しかも多数のサンプルを簡便に分析できる方法がなかった．本研究では，BE枝作り反応の結果，生ずるα-1,6グルコシド結合を枝切り処理後，増加する還元末端数を定量することによって活性を直接測定する方法を確立することを目的とした．まず，還元末端数を定量できる銅-ビシンコニニック酸法(BCA法)の基本特性を調べた．その結果，1)BCA法では，560 nmの吸光度をマイクロプレートリーダーで測定することにより，測定液150 μLあたり0-3.75 nmol(0-25 μM相当)のマルトースを定量することができ，その吸光度は呈色反応終了後10時間まで安定であった．2)グルコースからグルコース数平均重合度(DPn)1658の酵素合成アミロースに対して，分子数あたりの還元糖量は一定で，DP値の影響を受けなかった．3)大腸菌に発現させたイネリコンビナントBEIIb(rOsBEIIb)の活性と特性を調べた結果，酵素合成アミロースやアミロペクチンに対して信頼性の高いKm値やVmax値を求めることができた．結論として，BCA法は従来法に比べて，BE活性を定量するための優れた方法であることが明らかになった． |
| Author | 中村, 保典 吉田, 真由美 Francisco, Perigio B., Jr 内海, 好規 澤田, 隆行 北村, 進一 |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 fullname: Francisco, Perigio B., Jr organization: 秋田県立大学生物資源科学部 – sequence: 1 fullname: 澤田, 隆行 organization: 秋田県立大学生物資源科学部 – sequence: 1 fullname: 吉田, 真由美 organization: 秋田県立大学生物資源科学部 – sequence: 1 fullname: 北村, 進一 organization: 大阪府立大学大学院生命環境科学研究科 – sequence: 1 fullname: 中村, 保典 organization: 秋田県立大学生物資源科学部 – sequence: 1 fullname: 内海, 好規 organization: 秋田県立大学生物資源科学部 |
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| References_xml | – reference: 23)U. Rydberg, L. Andersson, R. Andersson, P. Åman and H. Larsson: Comparison of starch branching enzyme I and II from potato. Eur. J. Biochem., 268, 6140-6145 (2001). – reference: 7)P. Deschamps, C. Colleoni, Y. Nakamura, E. Suzuki, J.L. Putaux, A. Buléon, S. Haebel, G. Ritte, M. Steup, L.I. Falcón, D. Moreira, W. Loffelhardt, J.N. Raj, C. Plancke, C. d’Hulst, D. Dauvillée and S. Ball: Metabolic symbiosis and the birth of the plant kingdom. Mol. Biol. Evol., 25, 536-548 (2008). – reference: 22)K. Mizuno, E. Kobayashi, M. Tachibana, T. Kawasaki, T. Fujimura, K. Funane, M. Kobayashi and T. Baba: Characterization of an isoform of rice starch branching enzyme, RBE4, in developing seeds. Plant Cell Physiol., 42, 349-357 (2001). – reference: 40)Y. Nakanishi, T. Norisuye, A. Teramoto and S. Kitamura: Conformation of amylose in dimethyl-sulfoxide. Macromolecules., 26, 4220-4225 (1993). – reference: 8)Y. 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| Title | ビシンコニニック酸でグルカンの還元末端数を測定することによってデンプン枝作り酵素の活性を定量的に測定する方法 |
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