Environmental Plant Physiology Botanical Strategies for a Climate Smart Planet

• Main Author: Singh, Vir
• Format: eBook
• Language: English
• Published: United States CRC Press 2020; Taylor & Francis Group
• Edition: 1
• Subjects: Environmental sciences; Plant ecophysiology; Plant physiology; Specific topics in natural history; Alpine Plants; Adenine Nucleotide Translocase; Velvet Bean; Allelopathic Plants; Water Potential Gradient; High Altitude Plants; Sea Water; Soil Fertility; Prolonged Water Stress; Top Carnivores; Alpine Habitats; Energy Sources; Successive Trophic Level; Trophic Level; Inhibit ATP Synthesis; Cam Plant; Momilactone B; Outgoing Shortwave Radiation; Ecological Pyramid; High Altitude Mountains; Detritus Food Chains; Climate Smart Agriculture; Symplocarpus Foetidus; Moisture Content; High Altitude Environments

Magnitude and quality of life as well as sustainable human progress inescapably depend on the state of our environment. The environment, in essence, is a common resource of all the living organisms in the biosphere as well as a vivacious basis of the evolution of life on Earth. A sustainable future...

Table of Contents:

• Cropping Systems' Management -- Mulching for Weed Control -- Ecologically Healthy Agrochemicals and Microbial Pesticides -- Breeding the Allelopathic Cultivars -- Reducing NO3 Leaching and N2O Pollution -- Allelopathic Mechanisms -- Effect on Soil Ecology -- Effect on Photosynthesis -- Effect on Respiration -- Effect on Enzyme Functions -- Influence on Plant-Growth Regulator System -- Effect on Antioxidant System -- Effect on Protein and Nucleic-Acid Synthesis -- Effect on Water and Nutrient Uptake -- Effect on Cell Division and Elongation -- Phytosociology for a Greener Planet -- Summary -- References -- Websites -- Chapter 7: High-Altitude Physiology -- Altitude Types from Sea Level -- High-Altitude Specificities -- Diverse Ecological Niches -- Biodiversity -- Fragility -- Adaptation Mechanisms -- Marginality -- Poor Accessibility -- High-Altitude Plant Ecology -- Effects of Altitudes on the Physiology of the Plants -- Photosynthesis -- Respiration -- Transpiration -- Chlorophyll Destruction -- Resistance to Ultraviolet Radiation -- Frost Resistance -- Water Balance and Avoidance of Desiccation -- Growth and Development -- High Altitudes: Cooling Breeze for Cooling the Mainstream World -- Summary -- References -- Websites -- Chapter 8: Stress Physiology -- Stress to Life as an Inevitable Phenomenon -- Solar-Radiation Stress -- Temperature Stress -- Effects on Photosynthesis and Respiration -- Effect on Membranes and Enzymes -- Effects of Freezing Temperatures -- Stress of Oxygen Deficiency -- Molecular Genetics Aspects of Oxygen-Deficiency Stress -- Root Damage in Anoxic Environments -- Effect of Anoxia-Damaged Roots on Shoots -- Synthesis of Anaerobic Stress Proteins -- Salinity Stress -- Effect on Photosynthesis and Growth -- Osmotic and Specific Ion Effects -- Plants' Strategies of Saline Stress Management -- Heat Stress
• Interactions among Ions -- Cycles in the Soil -- Ion-Uptake Physiology -- Kinetics -- Internal Control -- Morphological Responses -- Root:Shoot Ratio and Root:Weight Ratio -- Root Diameter and Root Hairs -- Root Density and Distribution -- Soil Microorganisms -- Rhizosphere -- Impact on Nutrient Uptake -- Nitrogen Fixation -- Influence of Environmental Factors -- Mycorrhizas -- Summary -- References -- Websites -- Chapter 4: Water Relations -- The Water Planet as Home to Life -- Water Properties Conducive to Life -- Water Availability to Organisms -- Water in Air -- Water Movement within Water -- Water Potential -- Plant Roots and Water Acquisition -- Water Relations of Plant Cells -- Supply of Water by the Soil -- Water Planet a Climate-Smart Planet -- Summary -- References -- Websites -- Chapter 5: Temperature Relations -- Microclimatic Variations and Temperatures -- Atmospheric Trends vis-à-vis Altitudes -- Troposphere -- Stratosphere -- Mesosphere -- Thermosphere -- Exosphere -- Plant-Temperature Relations -- Ground Color and Temperatures -- Vegetation and Temperatures -- Slope Aspects and Temperatures -- Aquatic Environments' Temperatures -- Photosynthesis in Extreme Temperatures -- Solar Energy-Temperature Interaction -- Temperature Regulation by Plants -- Arctic and Alpine Plants -- Tropical Alpine Plants -- Desert Plants -- Temperature Regulation by Thermogenic Plants -- Adaptation to Harsh Environments -- Physiological Strategies for Cooling the Earth -- Summary -- References -- Websites -- Chapter 6: Allelochemical Relations -- Competition among Plants -- Defining Competition -- Competition within Plant Populations -- Asymmetric Competition -- Interspecific Competition: Mixed-Species Analysis -- Allelopathy -- Chemical Interactions among Plants -- Nature of Allelopathy -- Allelopathic Plants -- Allelopathy Applications in Agriculture
• Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Author -- Chapter 1: Environment and Ecosystems: Physiological Basis of Ecology -- The Lumenosphere -- The Biosphere -- The Organism-Environment Relationships -- Energy and Nutrient Flows through Ecosystems -- Food Chains -- Food Web -- Ecological Pyramids -- Ecological Pyramid of Numbers -- Ecological Pyramid of Biomass -- Ecological Pyramid of Energy -- The Sixth Trophic Level -- The Seventh Trophic Level -- What Is Environmental Physiology? -- Climate and Its Changing Behavior -- Scope of Environmental Plant Physiology -- Applications in Food Production -- Environmental Physiology: The Basis for a Climate-Smart Planet -- Summary -- References -- Websites -- Chapter 2: Energy Relations -- Energy and Life -- Trophic Diversity in Nature -- The Light of Life -- Leaf and Light -- Leaf-Energy Balance -- Energy Inputs and Energy Outputs of a Leaf -- Net Radiation -- Sensible Heat Loss (Conduction and Convection) -- Latent and Chemical Energy -- Photosynthetic Pathways -- C3 Photosynthesis -- C4 Photosynthesis -- CAM Photosynthesis -- E = mc2 in the Context of Earth's Ecosystems -- Sun-Soil-Plant: The Evolutionary Ladder of Life -- Photosynthesis and Soil Fertilization -- Energy from Inorganic Molecules -- Energy from Organic Molecules -- Chemical Composition vis-à-vis Nutrient Requirements -- Herbivory -- Carnivory -- Detritivory -- Energy Limitations -- Optimal Foraging by Animals -- Optimal Foraging by Plants -- Energy Flow in the Biosphere -- Summary -- References -- Websites -- Chapter 3: Nutrient Relations -- The Pedosphere -- Soil as an Ecosystem -- Diversity of the World's Soils -- Soil Types -- Soil Biodiversity -- Pedodiversity-Biodiversity Relations -- Essential Elements -- Sources of Plant Nutrients -- Nutrient Availability for Plants
• Water Deficit and Heat Stress -- Effect on Photosynthesis and Respiration -- Effect on Cell Membrane -- Adaptation Mechanisms against Heat Stress -- Low-Temperature Stress -- Chilling Effects on Cell Membrane -- Tolerance to Cold Stress -- Pollution Stress on Ecosystems -- Heavy-Metal Stress -- Reactive Oxygen Species -- Inactivation of Biomolecules -- Primary Stress -- Secondary Stress -- Signal Transduction -- Effects on Cellular Components -- Heavy-Metal Detoxification Methods -- Vacuolar Compartmentalization -- Pollution Stress Impacts on Ecological Processes -- Water Stress -- The Etiology of Water Stress -- Multidimensional Nature of Water Stress -- Morphological, Anatomical, and Cytological Changes -- Photosynthesis -- Protein Synthesis -- Proline Accumulation -- Lipids -- Mineral Nutrition -- Abscisic Acid Accumulation -- Oxidative Stress -- Summary -- References -- Websites -- Chapter 9: Physiological Effects of Climate Change -- Living in an Age of Climate Change -- The Factors Affecting the Earth's Climate -- Enhanced Greenhouse Effect -- Overriding the Earth's Potencies -- Impact of Climate Change on Plant Physiology -- Microevolutionary Responses of Plant Physiology to Climate Change -- Phenotypic Plasticity -- Adaptive Evolution -- Gene Flows -- Macroevolutionary Responses of Plant Physiology to Climate Change -- Species Interactions and the Evolution of Plant Physiology in Response to Climate Change -- Effects of Climate Change on Forest Ecosystems -- Forest Productivity -- Forest Distribution -- Forest Ecosystem Disturbances -- Forest Pests -- Impact on Forest Community -- Climate Change and Agriculture -- Coping with Climate Change -- Preparedness -- Adaptation -- Mitigation -- Climate-Smart Planet: A Sustainable Planet -- Ecological Integrity and Ecological Security -- Living Soil to Nurture the Roots of Life
• Forests for a Healthy, Vibrant, and Sustainable Planet -- Climate-Smart Agriculture -- Why an Agroecosystem Approach to Food Production? -- Agroecology: The Philosophy of Food Production -- Enhanced Biodiversity Complexity -- Treating Soil as an Ecosystem -- Maintaining Cyclic Flows of Nutrients -- Vegetarianism: The Philosophy of Earth-Caring Nutrition -- Summary -- References -- Websites -- Index