Expanded PTFE Applications Handbook - Technology, Manufacturing and Applications

• Main Author: Ebnesajjad, Sina
• Format: eBook
• Language: English
• Published: Chantilly Elsevier 2017; Elsevier Science & Technology Books; William Andrew
• Edition: 1
• Series: Plastics design library
• Subjects: Materials & Their Applications; Plastics & Rubber; Polytef

This book is a comprehensive guide to ePTFE, explaining manufacturing technologies, properties, and applications. Technologies that were previously shrouded in secrecy are revealed in detail, as are the origins and history of ePFTE. The book is an essential handbook for scientists and engineers work...

Table of Contents:

• Title Page Preface Table of Contents 1. History of Polytetrafluoroethylene and Expanded PTFE Membrane 2. Polytetrafluoroethylene: Properties and Structure 3. Manufacturing Polytetrafluoroethylene by Emulsion Polymerization 4. Fabrication and Processing of Fine Powder Polytetrafluoroethylene 5. Expansion of Polytetrafluoroethylene Resins 6. Manufacturing of Various Shapes of Expanded Polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) 7. Properties, Characteristics, and Applications of Expanded PTFE (ePTFE) Products 8. Expanded PTFE Use in Fabrics and Apparel 9. Medical and Surgical Applications of Expanded PTFE 10. Filtration 11. Industrial and other Applications of Expanded PTFE 12. Electrical and Electronic Applications of Expanded PTFE 1. Electrical Properties of Polytetrafluoroethylene [1] 2. Advantages of Dielectric Expanded Polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) Material for Fast Signal Speeds (≥85% Speed of Light) [3] 13. Surface Modification of Expanded Polytetrafluoroethylene 14. The Competitive Scene Index
• 5.2 Manufacturing Expanded Polytetrafluoroethylene Articles -- 5.2.1 Basic Polytetrafluoroethylene Expansion Processes -- 5.2.2 Uniaxial Expansion -- 5.2.3 Biaxial Expansion -- 5.3 Microstructure of Polytetrafluoroethylene -- 5.4 Microstructure of Expanded Polytetrafluoroethylene -- 5.5 Formation of Expanded Polytetrafluoroethylene -- 5.6 Amorphous Locking -- 5.7 Characterization of Membrane Pores -- 5.7.1 Bubble Point -- 5.7.2 Derivation Young-Laplace Equation -- 5.7.3 Mercury Porosimetry -- 5.8 Summary -- References -- 6 - Manufacturing of Various Shapes of Expanded Polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) -- 6.1 Planar Expanded Polytetrafluoroethylene Membranes -- 6.1.1 Uniaxial Orientation -- 6.1.2 Biaxial Expansion (Orientation) -- 6.2 Tubular Expanded Polytetrafluoroethylene Shapes -- 6.2.1 Complex Shape Tubular Expanded Polytetrafluoroethylene -- 6.3 Expanded Polytetrafluoroethylene Fiber -- 6.3.1 High Tensile Strength Polytetrafluoroethylene Fiber -- 6.3.2 Production of Expanded Polytetrafluoroethylene Fiber -- 6.4 Densified Porous Polytetrafluoroethylene Membranes -- 6.5 Expanded Polytetrafluoroethylene Sheets -- 6.6 Expanded Polytetrafluoroethylene Tapes and Rods -- References -- 7 - Properties, Characteristics, and Applications of Expanded PTFE (ePTFE) Products -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Properties and Characteristics -- 7.3 Applications -- 7.3.1 Industrial and Process Filtration -- 7.3.2 Microfiltration Applications -- 7.3.3 Vent Filters and Breathers -- 7.3.4 Medical and Biological Uses -- 7.3.5 Cables and Cable Assemblies -- 7.3.6 Electronic and Electrochemical Materials -- 7.3.7 Sealants -- 7.3.8 Fibers and Fabrics -- References -- 8 - Expanded PTFE Use in Fabrics and Apparel -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Breathable Expanded Polytetrafluoroethylene Fabric Structure -- 8.3 Development History -- 8.4 Outdoor Apparel -- 8.4.1 Testing Apparel
• 3.7 Mechanism of Emulsion Polymerization of Tetrafluoroethylene -- 3.8 Development of Polytetrafluoroethylene for Expanded Polytetrafluoroethylene Applications -- Stretch Ratio and Ultimate Stretch Ratio Test -- Preparation of Test Specimen -- Stretch Procedure -- Tensile Break Strength Test -- Stretching Rate -- Stress Relaxation Time -- Stretch Test -- Preparation of Test Specimen -- Stretch Test -- Measurement of Stress Relaxation Time -- Stretch Procedure -- Stress Relaxation Time -- Break Strength -- Creep Rate -- Evaluation of Extrusion Pressure and Stretchability -- Measurement of Tensile Break Strength -- Measurement of the Endothermic Ratio -- Measurement of the Stress Relaxation Time -- 3.9 Fine Powder (Coagulated Dispersion) Products -- 3.10 Characterization of Polytetrafluoroethylene -- Fine Powder Polytetrafluoroethylene Resins -- Dispersions of Polytetrafluoroethylene -- References -- 4 - Fabrication and Processing of Fine Powder Polytetrafluoroethylene -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Background -- 4.3 Paste Extrusion Fundamentals -- 4.4 Resin Handling and Storage -- 4.5 Extrusion Aid or Lubricant -- 4.6 Blending the Resin With Lubricant -- 4.6.1 Pigment Addition -- 4.7 Preforming -- 4.8 Extrusion Equipment and Process -- 4.8.1 Extruder -- 4.8.2 Die -- 4.8.3 Drying -- 4.8.4 Sintering and Cooling -- 4.8.5 Reduction Ratio -- 4.9 Extrusion of Tubing -- 4.9.1 Blending Lubricant and Pigment and Preforming -- 4.9.2 Extrusion of Spaghetti Tubing -- 4.10 Unsintered Tape -- 4.10.1 Blending Lubricant and Pigment and Preforming -- 4.10.2 Extrusion of Round and Rectangular Bead -- 4.10.3 Calendaring -- 4.10.3.1 Calendaring Equipment -- 4.10.3.2 Calendaring Operation -- 4.10.4 Stretching the Polytetrafluoroethylene Tape -- 4.10.5 Final Tape Product -- References -- 5 - Expansion of Polytetrafluoroethylene Resins -- 5.1 Introduction
• References -- 14 - The Competitive Scene -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Other Expanded Polytetrafluoroethylene Players -- 14.2.1 General Electric -- 14.2.2 Donaldson Corporation -- 14.2.3 DeWal Industries -- 14.2.4 Zeus Industrial Products -- 14.2.5 C. R. Bard Corporation -- 14.2.6 Maquet Cardiovascular -- 14.2.7 Porex Corporation -- 14.2.8 Phillips Scientific -- 14.2.9 Asian Manufacturers -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- X -- Y -- Z -- Back Cover
• Front Cover -- EXPANDED PTFE APPLICATIONS HANDBOOK -- Series Page -- EXPANDED PTFE APPLICATIONS HANDBOOK: TECHNOLOGY, MANUFACTURING AND APPLICATIONS -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgment -- 1 - History of Polytetrafluoroethylene and Expanded PTFE Membrane -- Part I: Discovery of Polytetrafluoroethylene -- 1.1 Discovery of Polytetrafluoroethylene -- 1.2 Roy Plunkett's Story -- 1.3 Commercialization of Polytetrafluoroethylene -- Part II: Invention of Expanded Polytetrafluoroethylene -- 1.4 A New Type of Polytetrafluoroethylene -- 1.5 Early History of W.L. Gore and Associates -- 1.6 Discovery of Expanded Polytetrafluoroethylene -- References -- 2 - Polytetrafluoroethylene: Properties and Structure -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Impact of F and CF Bonds on the Properties of Polytetrafluoroethylene -- 2.3 Crystalline Structure of Polytetrafluoroethylene -- 2.4 Branched Tetrafluoroethylene Chains: Perfluorinated Ethylene-Propylene Copolymer -- 2.4.1 Perfluorinated Ethylene-Propylene Copolymer -- 2.5 Reaction Mechanisms -- 2.6 Impact of Solvents on Fluoropolymers -- 2.7 Molecular Interaction of Polytetrafluoroethylene: Low Friction and Low Surface Energy -- 2.8 Conformations and Transitions of Polytetrafluoroethylene -- 2.8.1 Images of the Polytetrafluoroethylene Molecule -- 2.9 Microstructure and Fracture of Polytetrafluoroethylene -- References -- 3 - Manufacturing Polytetrafluoroethylene by Emulsion Polymerization -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Tetrafluoroethylene Preparation -- 3.3 Polymerization of Tetrafluoroethylene -- 3.4 Tetrafluoroethylene Polymers -- 3.4.1 Ammonium Perfluorooctanoate (Also C8) -- 3.4.2 Alternatives to Ammonium Perfluorooctanoate -- 3.5 Preparation of Polytetrafluoroethylene by Emulsion Polymerization -- 3.6 Emulsion Polymerization of Tetrafluoroethylene With Ammonium Perfluorooctanoate Replacements
• 8.4.2 Outdoor Footwear -- 8.4.3 Testing Footwear -- 8.4.4 Outdoor Gloves -- 8.5 Protective Apparel -- 8.6 Summary -- References -- 9 - Medical and Surgical Applications of Expanded PTFE -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Definition of Medical Devices -- 9.3 Classification of Devices -- 9.4 Designing Medical Devices -- 9.5 Biomaterials -- 9.6 Expanded Polytetrafluoroethylene -- 9.7 Examples of Applications -- 9.7.1 Vascular Grafts -- 9.7.2 Patches -- 9.7.3 Expanded Polytetrafluoroethylene Lipoatrophy Implants -- 9.7.4 Expanded Polytetrafluoroethylene Sutures -- 9.7.5 Lead Assembly of Implanted Devices -- 9.7.6 Stents -- References -- 10 - Filtration -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Classification of Filtration Processes -- 10.3 Surface Filtration Processes -- 10.4 Types of Filtration -- 10.4.1 Gas-Solid Filtration -- 10.4.2 Solid-Liquid Filtration -- 10.5 Examples of Filtration Applications -- References -- 11 - Industrial and Other Applications of Expanded PTFE -- 11.1 Expanded Polytetrafluoroethylene Fiber -- 11.1.1 Oral Care -- 11.1.2 Sutures -- 11.1.3 Sewing Threads -- 11.1.4 Fishing Line -- 11.1.5 Weaving and Knitting Fiber -- 11.1.6 Ropes -- 11.2 Gaskets and Seals -- 11.2.1 Testing Gaskets -- 11.3 Expanded Polytetrafluoroethylene Vents -- References -- 12 - Electrical and Electronic Applications of Expanded PTFE -- 12.1 Coaxial Cables -- 12.2 Hook-Up Wire -- 12.3 Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Gasket -- 12.4 Disk Drive Filters -- References -- 13 - Surface Modification of Expanded Polytetrafluoroethylene -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Surface Treatment of Polytetrafluoroethylene -- 13.3 Surface Treatment of Expanded Polytetrafluoroethylene Membrane -- 13.3.1 Surface Modification for Hydrophilicity and Adhesion -- 13.3.2 Surface Modification to Reduce Thrombogenicity -- 13.3.3 Mechanical Alteration of Expanded Polytetrafluoroethylene Surface