The root systems in sustainable agricultural intensification

• Main Authors: Rengel, Zdenko, Djalovic, Ivica
• Format: eBook Book
• Language: English
• Published: Hoboken, N.J Wiley Blackwell 2021; John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated; Wiley-Blackwell
• Edition: 1
• Subjects: Plant-soil relationships; Plants; Plants > Water requirements; Roots (Botany); Sustainable agriculture

Explore an in-depth and insightful collection of resources discussing various aspects of root structure and function in intensive agricultural systems  The Root Systems in Sustainable Agricultural Intensification delivers a comprehensive treatment of state-of-the-art concepts in the theoretical and...

Table of Contents:

• 3.3.1.5 Direct Root Effects on Aggregation -- 3.3.1.6 Rhizosphere Microbiome Effects on Aggregation -- 3.3.1.7 Root-Induced Abiotic Aggregation -- 3.3.2 Roots and Structural Porosity -- 3.3.2.1 Root Effects on Pore-Size Distribution -- 3.3.2.2 Root Effects on Pore Geometry -- 3.3.2.3 Pore Surface and Rhizodeposition Effects on Soil Hydraulic Properties -- 3.3.2.4 Root-induced Temporal Pore Dynamics -- 3.4 Plant Roots for Soil-Structure Management -- 3.4.1 Crop Management Analogue to Physiological Breeding -- 3.4.2 Roots for Soil Priming ('Bio-tillage') -- 3.4.2.1 Access to Subsoil Resources -- 3.4.2.2 Roots to Alleviate Soil Compaction -- 3.4.2.3 Roots and Tillage Systems -- 3.4.2.4 Roots for Soil Erosion Control -- 3.4.3 Crop Rotation and Cultivar Selection based on Root Properties -- 3.5 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 4 Dynamics of Root Systems in Crop and Pasture Genotypes over the Last 100 Years: Lessons Learned -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Root Morphology and Physiology -- 4.3 Key Elements of Root System Architecture Relevant to Crop and Pasture Genotypes -- 4.3.1 Rooting Depth -- 4.3.2 Root Hairs -- 4.3.3 Root Branching -- 4.3.4 Root Architectural Ideotypes -- 4.4 Genetics of Root System Architecture -- 4.5 Conclusions and Perspectives -- References -- Chapter 5 Interplay Between Root Structure and Function in Enhancing Efficiency of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Acquisition -- 5.1 Root Structure and Function in Structured Soils -- 5.1.1 Root Structure -- 5.1.2 Root Functions -- 5.1.3 Root Structure and Function in Structured Soils -- 5.2 Root Growth in Structured Soils -- 5.2.1 Root Architecture Benefits -- 5.2.2 Heterogeneity of Soil Surrounding Roots and Root Adaptive Responses -- 5.2.2.1 Soil Compaction -- 5.2.2.2 Location of Pores -- 5.2.2.3 Nutrient Distribution -- 5.2.3 Root-induced Changes in Soil Structure
• 5.3 Root Sensing of Soil Nutrients -- 5.3.1 Root Foraging in Heterogeneous Soil Environments -- 5.3.2 Plant Responses to Differential Availability of Mineral Nutrients -- 5.3.3 Nitrogen Sensing and Signalling -- 5.3.4 Phosphorus Sensing and Signalling -- 5.4 Root/Rhizosphere Processes Influenced by Spatial and Temporal Heterogeneity of Soil Nutrients Supply -- 5.4.1 Root Morphology -- 5.4.2 Root Physiology -- 5.4.3 Root/Rhizosphere Processes and Nutrient-use Efficiency under Heterogeneous Nutrient Supply -- 5.5 Root/Rhizosphere Management in the Field to Enhance Nutrient-use Efficiency -- 5.5.1 Manipulating Root-zone Nutrient Availability -- 5.5.2 Manipulating Plant Roots -- 5.5.3 Manipulating the Root-influenced Rhizosphere Environment -- 5.5.4 Manipulating Root/Rhizosphere Interactions -- 5.6 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 6 Root-microbe Interactions Influencing Water and Nutrient Acquisition Efficiency -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 PGPR and Nutrient-use Efficiency -- 6.2.1 Biological Nitrogen Fixation (BNF) -- 6.2.2 Phosphorus-solubilizing Bacteria -- 6.2.3 Potassium-solubilizing Bacteria -- 6.2.4 Zinc and Iron Solubilization by Rhizosphere Bacteria -- 6.3 Role of PGPR in Promoting Plant Growth -- 6.3.1 Plant Growth-promoting Substances (PGPS) -- 6.4 Plant Growth Enhancement -- 6.5 Role of PGPR in Plant Tolerance to Stresses -- 6.5.1 Drought Stress -- 6.5.2 Salt Stress -- 6.5.3 Other Abiotic Stresses -- 6.6 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 7 The Interplay Between Roots and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Influencing Water and Nutrient Acquisition and Use Efficiency -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 A Trait-based Approach towards Mycorrhizal Root Systems -- 7.3 Acquisition and Use of Water by Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Plants -- 7.4 Acquisition and Use of Nutrients by Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Plants -- 7.5 Breeding to Enhance Mycorrhizal Benefits
• 12.3.2 Enhanced Nodulation and N2 Fixation by Root-Root Interactions Driven by Root Exudates
• 7.6 Managing Diversity and Abundance of Mycorrhizal Fungi -- 7.7 Conclusions and Outlook -- References -- Chapter 8 Role of Seed Priming in Root Development and Crop Production -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Physiology of Root Development During Germination -- 8.3 Seed Priming and Root Development -- 8.3.1 Seed Priming and Root Initiation -- 8.3.2 Root Elongation -- 8.3.3 Seed Priming in Root Branching and Root Hair Growth -- 8.4 Seed Priming and Root Development Under Abiotic Stresses -- 8.5 Seed Priming and Sustainable Crop Production -- 8.6 Conclusions and Perspectives -- References -- Chapter 9 Water Uptake in Drying Soil: Balancing Supply and Demand -- 9.1 Putting Soil Drying in Context -- 9.2 Balancing Water Uptake with Water Demand -- 9.3 Regulation of Root Growth in Drying Soil -- 9.4 Phytohormonal Regulation of Root Hydraulic Conductance -- 9.5 Phytohormonal Root-to-Shoot Signalling -- 9.6 Shoot-to-Root Signalling -- 9.7 Partial Root-zone Drying: a Case Study -- 9.8 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 10 Winter Wheat and Summer Maize Roots in Agro-Ecosystems on the North China Plain -- 10.1 Background -- 10.2 General Information on the Study Area -- 10.2.1 North China Plain (NCP) -- 10.2.2 Shandong Yucheng Agro-Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station (SYA-NORS) -- 10.3 Methods -- 10.4 Root Research on Winter Wheat and Maize in the North China Plain: a Brief Overview -- 10.4.1 Wheat Root Studies -- 10.4.1.1 Winter Wheat Root Distribution down the Soil Profile -- 10.4.1.2 Influence of Cropland Management on Winter Wheat Root Growth -- 10.4.2 Maize Root Studies -- 10.4.2.1 Summer Maize Root Distribution along the Soil Profile -- 10.4.2.2 Influence of Cropland Management on Summer Maize Root Growth -- 10.5 Relationship Between Roots, Water Use, and Crop Yield -- 10.5.1 Wheat -- 10.5.2 Maize -- 10.6 Conclusions
• Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Preface -- Chapter 1 Sustainable Intensification: Meaning, Need, Components, and Role of Root Systems -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Meaning of, and Need for, Sustainable Intensification -- 1.3 Components or Pillars of Sustainable Intensification -- 1.4 Current Global Assessment of Sustainable Intensification -- 1.5 Role of Root Systems in Selected Examples of Sustainable Intensification Practices -- 1.5.1 Intercropping Systems -- 1.5.2 Crop Rotations -- 1.5.3 Conservation Agriculture -- 1.5.4 Agroforestry Systems -- 1.5.5 Perennial Grain Crops and Pastures -- 1.5.6 Nutrient-use Efficiency -- 1.5.7 Improved Water Productivity and Drought Tolerance -- 1.6 Conclusions and Future Outlook -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 2 Genetic and Molecular Regulation of Root Growth and Development -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Molecular Regulation of Root Initiation and Development -- 2.2.1 Atlas of Genes Involved in Root Initiation and Development -- 2.2.2 Molecular Regulation of Primary Root Initiation -- 2.2.3 Molecular Regulation of Lateral Root Initiation -- 2.3 Regulation of RSA in Plants -- 2.3.1 Molecular Regulation of RSA in Plants -- 2.3.2 Responses of RSA to Abiotic Stresses -- 2.4 Future Perspectives -- References -- Chapter 3 Plant Roots for Sustainable Soil Structure Management in Cropping Systems -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Methodological Approaches to the Root-Soil Structure Relations -- 3.2.1 Roots and Soil Structure Assessment in Field Surveys -- 3.2.2 Tailored Approaches to Measuring Root-induced Soil Structure -- 3.3 Roots in the Aggregate and Pore Hierarchies -- 3.3.1 Aggregate Hierarchy -- 3.3.1.1 Clay Domains &lt -- 20 μm -- 3.3.1.2 Small Microaggregates (20-50 μm) -- 3.3.1.3 Large Microaggregates (50-250 μm) -- 3.3.1.4 Macroaggregates (&gt -- 250 μm)
• References -- Chapter 11 Intercropping to Maximize Root-Root Interactions in Agricultural Plants: Soil-Root Interface Processes -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Concept of Rhizosphere Sharing -- 11.3 Dynamics of Mineral Nutrients in the Rhizosphere -- 11.3.1 Direct Effects of Organic Acid Anions on Phosphorus Dynamics -- 11.3.2 Effect of Organic Acid Anions on Dynamics of Metal Nutrients -- 11.4 Microbial Interactions in the Rhizosphere -- 11.4.1 Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi -- 11.4.2 Interactions Between Plants and Microorganisms Influence P Dynamics -- 11.4.3 Interactions Between Plants and Microorganisms Influence N Dynamics -- 11.5 Examples of Intercropping Experiments Aimed at Improving Nutrient Accumulation in Crops -- 11.5.1 Enhanced P Acquisition in Intercropping Systems -- 11.5.2 Improvement in Tolerance to Abiotic and Biotic Stresses in Intercropping Systems -- 11.6 Conclusions and Perspectives -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 12 Intercropping to Maximize Root-Root Interactions in Agricultural Plants: Agronomic Aspects -- 12.1 Intercropping in the World -- 12.1.1 Intercropping in China -- 12.1.2 Intercropping in other Countries in Asia -- 12.1.3 Intercropping in North America -- 12.1.4 Intercropping in Europe -- 12.1.5 Intercropping in Africa and South America -- 12.2 Importance of Root-Root Interactions in Intercropping -- 12.2.1 Root-Root Interactions Play a Vital Role in Yield Advantage of Intercropping -- 12.2.2 Complementarity and Facilitation of Nutrient Acquisition between Intercropped Species Induced by Root-Root Interactions -- 12.2.3 Root Exudates and Soil Microorganisms as Main Drivers of Root-Root Interactions -- 12.3 Root-Root Interactions and Interspecific Facilitation Effects on Nutrient Availability -- 12.3.1 Root Distribution and Interactions Between Intercropped Species