Biobased Antiviral Nonwoven Mask Filter with High Filtration Performance

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in an increased demand of functional nonwovens for face mask applications. In this study, biobased nonwoven filters (NWFs) loaded with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were developed. The AgNPs were prepared by reducing Ag+ with lignin extracted from Miscanthus × gigan...

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Published inACS applied engineering materials Vol. 1; no. 1; pp. 646 - 659
Main Authors Singh, Singam Suranjoy, Zaitoon, Amr, Arvaj, Laura, Balamurugan, Sampathkumar, Manickavasagan, Annamalai, Lim, Loong-Tak
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published American Chemical Society 27.01.2023
Subjects
lignin-stabilized AgNPs
free-surface electrospinning
high filtration performance
biobased
antiviral
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Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in an increased demand of functional nonwovens for face mask applications. In this study, biobased nonwoven filters (NWFs) loaded with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were developed. The AgNPs were prepared by reducing Ag+ with lignin extracted from Miscanthus × giganteus. The effects of AgNO3 concentration, reaction time, and temperature on AgNP synthesis were studied using UV–vis spectroscopy. The AgNPs were incorporated into ethyl cellulose fibers through electrospinning. The resulting composite fibers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The average diameter of AgNPs was 6.54 ± 2.3 nm, while the bead-free electrosopun fibers had diameters ranging from 153 to 184 nm. The filtration efficiency, pressure drop, and quality factor of the NWFs were tested against NaCl aerosol particles (≥0.3 μm). The NWF samples tested had filtration efficiency of higher than 99%, with pressure drop and quality factor values of 86.20–88.25 Pa and 0.0690–0.0772 Pa–1, respectively. The antiviral properties of the AgNP-loaded NWFs were evaluated against a surrogate virus, Pseudomonas bacteriophage Φ6, resulting in a 5 log10 (PFU/mL) reduction beyond the starting viral titer. This study demonstrated the potential of the antiviral NWFs for high-performance mask filter applications.
AbstractList The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in an increased demand of functional nonwovens for face mask applications. In this study, biobased nonwoven filters (NWFs) loaded with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were developed. The AgNPs were prepared by reducing Ag+ with lignin extracted from Miscanthus × giganteus. The effects of AgNO3 concentration, reaction time, and temperature on AgNP synthesis were studied using UV–vis spectroscopy. The AgNPs were incorporated into ethyl cellulose fibers through electrospinning. The resulting composite fibers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The average diameter of AgNPs was 6.54 ± 2.3 nm, while the bead-free electrosopun fibers had diameters ranging from 153 to 184 nm. The filtration efficiency, pressure drop, and quality factor of the NWFs were tested against NaCl aerosol particles (≥0.3 μm). The NWF samples tested had filtration efficiency of higher than 99%, with pressure drop and quality factor values of 86.20–88.25 Pa and 0.0690–0.0772 Pa–1, respectively. The antiviral properties of the AgNP-loaded NWFs were evaluated against a surrogate virus, Pseudomonas bacteriophage Φ6, resulting in a 5 log10 (PFU/mL) reduction beyond the starting viral titer. This study demonstrated the potential of the antiviral NWFs for high-performance mask filter applications.
Author Balamurugan, Sampathkumar
Lim, Loong-Tak
Zaitoon, Amr
Singh, Singam Suranjoy
Arvaj, Laura
Manickavasagan, Annamalai
AuthorAffiliation School of Engineering
Department of Food Science
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  organization: Department of Food Science
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Keywords lignin-stabilized AgNPs
free-surface electrospinning
high filtration performance
biobased
antiviral
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